A Student Journal for the Study of the Ancient World
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A Critical Analysis of the Legal and Quasi-Legal Recognition of the Underlying Principles and Norms of Cultural Heritage
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL AND QUASI-LEGAL RECOGNITION OF THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES AND NORMS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Charlotte Cassandra Woodhead LL.M Department of Law University of Leicester 2014 Charlotte Woodhead A critical analysis of the legal and quasi-legal recognition of the underlying principles and norms of cultural heritage Certain things, places and practices are valuable to particular individuals, communities, nations or to mankind to such a degree that the loss or destruction would be a misfortune to the culture, identity, heritage or religious practices of those people(s). For the purposes of this thesis, cultural heritage represents the intangible aspect of these important things, places and practices. It will be argued that despite the existence of various cultural heritage principles which represent the different types of value, public legacy and associated norms with its subject matter, these principles are not always effectively upheld in the governing legal regime, although a body of principles akin to legal ones has developed, from professional practice, codes of ethics and non-legal decision-making bodies. Recent legal intervention has responded to political imperatives at the risk of a clear and consistent regime to effectively meet the underlying principles of cultural heritage. The most effective means of fulfilling these principles and norms is by treating cultural heritage as an intangible legal concept, akin to property which in its English common law form is really a bundle of rights associated with things tangible or intangible rather than simply ownership and possession or the physical things themselves. -
Copyright by Amy Beth Angell 2017
Copyright by Amy Beth Angell 2017 The Thesis committee for Amy Beth Angell Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Images of Divinities in Functional Objects: A Study of Seventh-Century BCE Perirrhanteria in Greek Sanctuary Contexts APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: __________________________________________ Athanasio (Nassos) Papalexandrou, Supervisor _________________________________________ Penelope Davies Images of Divinities in Functional Objects: A Study of Seventh-Century BCE Perirrhanteria in Greek Sanctuary Contexts by Amy Beth Angell, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2017 Abstract Images of Divinities in Functional Objects: A Study of Seventh-Century BCE Perirrhanteria in Greek Sanctuary Contexts Amy Beth Angell, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2017 Supervisor: Athanasio (Nassos) Papalexandrou Perirrhanteria in Greek sanctuaries are described in general terms as water basins for the purpose of purification. From the mid-seventh century to the early sixth century BCE, the perirrhanteria were made of marble, featured sculptural figures in the place of columnar stands, and found wide distribution among a variety of Greek sanctuaries. Due to the striking motif of the figurative stands, three or four female figures flanked by lions or standing on their backs, scholarship regarding the stone perirrhanteria has been centered on iconography and early monumental sculpture. Although preceding sculptural analyses provide useful information for the history of a motif, the relatively short lifespan of this particular basin type and its appearance in sanctuaries dedicated to an array of deities begs further study of its function in context. -
Women in the Ancient Near East: a Sourcebook
WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Women in the Ancient Near East provides a collection of primary sources that further our understanding of women from Mesopotamian and Near Eastern civiliza- tions, from the earliest historical and literary texts in the third millennium BC to the end of Mesopotamian political autonomy in the sixth century BC. This book is a valuable resource for historians of the Near East and for those studying women in the ancient world. It moves beyond simply identifying women in the Near East to attempting to place them in historical and literary context, follow- ing the latest research. A number of literary genres are represented, including myths and epics, proverbs, medical texts, law collections, letters and treaties, as well as building, dedicatory, and funerary inscriptions. Mark W. Chavalas is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, where he has taught since 1989. Among his publications are the edited Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age (1996), Mesopotamia and the Bible (2002), and The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (2006), and he has had research fellowships at Yale, Harvard, Cornell, Cal-Berkeley, and a number of other universities. He has nine seasons of exca- vation at various Bronze Age sites in Syria, including Tell Ashara/Terqa and Tell Mozan/Urkesh. ROUTLEDGE SOURCEBOOKS FOR THE ANCIENT WORLD HISTORIANS OF ANCIENT ROME, THIRD EDITION Ronald Mellor TRIALS FROM CLASSICAL ATHENS, SECOND EDITION Christopher Carey ANCIENT GREECE, THIRD EDITION Matthew Dillon and Lynda Garland READINGS IN LATE ANTIQUITY, SECOND EDITION Michael Maas GREEK AND ROMAN EDUCATION Mark Joyal, J.C. -
Jiroft” Chlorite Artefacts
IranicaAntiqua, vol. L, 2015 doi: 10.2143/IA.50.0.3053516 SEARCHING FOR MYTHOLOGICAL THEMES ON THE “JIROFT” CHLORITE ARTEFACTS BY Massimo VIDALE (University of Padua, Italy) Abstract: New evidence gathered at the plundered cemetery of Mahtoutabad, near the early urban compound of Konar Sandal South (Jiroft) confirms that here chlorite artifacts were used in elite funerals at the beginning of the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE. Some carved chlorite vessels from the Jiroft area and Shahdad represent a destructive flood, ending when a divinity lifts a rainbow in the sky. These images are compared with Old Babylonian and later cuneiform versions of flood myths. The paper also singles out indirect analogies with the flood narrative in Genesis 9, 12-17. Then it considers other images of fight between eagles and snakes, as possibly linked with parts of the famous and much discussed Mesopotamian poem of Etana (as already proposed in the past by Youssef Madjidzadeh). In spite of substantial divergences and discontinuities, at least in a crucial case the match between images and selected passages of the ancient sources appears more literal than previously suspected. It is argued that such similarities depended upon the wide circulation and sharing in the Middle and South Asia of the 3rd millennium BCE of codified oral versions of similar legendary themes (in form of narratives, through songs and rhymes). The Halil Rud stone carvers may have translated such intangible vanished heritage through standardized, formal images, in the context of a growing cultural and political interaction between the royal courts of Mesopotamia and those of the eastern pol- ity of Marhashi. -
Desire, Discord, and Death : Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Myth / by Neal Walls
DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH ASOR Books Volume 8 Victor Matthews, editor Billie Jean Collins ASOR Director of Publications DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH by Neal Walls American Schools of Oriental Research • Boston, MA DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH Copyright © 2001 American Schools of Oriental Research Cover art: Cylinder seal from Susa inscribed with the name of worshiper of Nergal. Photo courtesy of the Louvre Museum. Cover design by Monica McLeod. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walls, Neal H., 1962- Desire, discord, and death : approaches to ancient Near Eastern myth / by Neal Walls. p. cm. -- (ASOR books ; v. 8) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-89757-056-1 -- ISBN 0-89757-055-3 (pbk.) 1. Mythology--Middle East. 2. Middle East--Literatures--History and crticism. 3. Death in literature. 4. Desire in literature. I. Title. II. Series. BL1060 .W34 2001 291.1'3'09394--dc21 2001003236 Contents ABBREVIATIONS vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii INTRODUCTION Hidden Riches in Secret Places 1 METHODS AND APPROACHES 3 CHAPTER ONE The Allure of Gilgamesh: The Construction of Desire in the Gilgamesh Epic INTRODUCTION 9 The Construction of Desire: Queering Gilgamesh 11 THE EROTIC GILGAMESH 17 The Prostitute and the Primal Man: Inciting Desire 18 The Gaze of Ishtar: Denying Desire 34 Heroic Love: Requiting Desire 50 The Death of Desire 68 CONCLUSION 76 CHAPTER TWO On the Couch with Horus and Seth: A Freudian -
Iconography of Deities and Demons: Electronic Pre-Publication 1/10 Last Revision: 5 January 2009
Iconography of Deities and Demons: Electronic Pre-Publication 1/10 Last Revision: 5 January 2009 Marduk could be interpreted as a manifestation of M. impede his iconographic identification. I. Introduction. Mesopotamian god, The only anthropomorphic depiction of M., →DDD. A discussion of the iconography of which is identified by a cuneiform caption, anthropomorphic M. (for his more popular is found on a lapis lazuli cylinder of Mar- symbol see →Spade) requires a closer ex- duk–zakir–shumi I (854–819) from Babylon amination of his elevation from a local god (1*). The god is shown in a long robe with and patron deity of Babylon to the most starlike applications, holding the ring–and– prominent deity of the Mesopotamian pan- rod in his left hand and a scimitar in his theon, and the related changes in his visual right. He is standing on a snake dragon manifestation. (→Mushhushshu), a companion animal The beginnings of the cult of M. are ob- which was probably adopted from Tishpak, scure. At least from Old Babylonian times the local deity of Eshnunna, after Hammu- (19th cent.) onward, he and his consort rabi had conquered the city (WIGGERMANN Ṣarpanitum were worshipped as local deities 1989: 121). However, the ring–and–rod in his shrine Esagil at Babylon. By the time (WIGGERMANN 2007) and the scimitar are of Hammurabi (1792–1750) M. had merged not M.’s exclusive attributes. Likewise, the with Asalluhi (Asarluhi), attested as the snake dragon is also associated with Ninazu, local deity of Kuara, a site near Eridu. Since Ningiszida, Tishpak, Nabu, Assur, and Anu Asalluhi was regarded as son of →Ea/Enki, (WIGGERMANN 1993–1997) and can there- M. -
Transformation of a Goddess by David Sugimoto
Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 263 David T. Sugimoto (ed.) Transformation of a Goddess Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Publiziert mit freundlicher Unterstützung der PublicationSchweizerischen subsidized Akademie by theder SwissGeistes- Academy und Sozialwissenschaften of Humanities and Social Sciences InternetGesamtkatalog general aufcatalogue: Internet: Academic Press Fribourg: www.paulusedition.ch Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen: www.v-r.de Camera-readyText und Abbildungen text prepared wurden by vomMarcia Autor Bodenmann (University of Zurich). als formatierte PDF-Daten zur Verfügung gestellt. © 2014 by Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland © Vandenhoeck2014 by Academic & Ruprecht Press Fribourg Göttingen Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen ISBN: 978-3-7278-1748-9 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN:ISBN: 978-3-525-54388-7978-3-7278-1749-6 (Vandenhoeck(Academic Press & Ruprecht)Fribourg) ISSN:ISBN: 1015-1850978-3-525-54389-4 (Orb. biblicus (Vandenhoeck orient.) & Ruprecht) ISSN: 1015-1850 (Orb. biblicus orient.) Contents David T. Sugimoto Preface .................................................................................................... VII List of Contributors ................................................................................ X -
Bíró József a Szabir-Magyarok a „Sumirok”
BíRÓ JÓZSEF A SZABIR-MAGYAROK A „SUMIROK” TANÍTÓMESTEREI A SZERZŐ KIADÁSA BUDAPEST 2002. © BíRÓ JÓZSEF A szerző minden jogot fenntart. Nyomdai Munka: OFFSET Nyomdaipari kft. Felelős vezető: Zakar Tibor Köszönöm honfitársaim, kutatótársaim és a külföldi szakértők forrásanyagait, akik segítő szándékkal megkerestek, ezzel elősegítették kutatásaimat, és a szabir-onogur származás-elméletem megalapozását. Köszönöm feleségem, munkatársam, Szilágyi Mária munkáját. A SZERZŐ 1 A SZERZŐ ELŐSZAVA Az elmúlt évtiztedek, elsősorban a Közel-Kelet régészeti leletei szükségessé, elengedhetetlenné teszik, sőt követelik a világtörténelem ősmúltjának átértékelését. A nyugati történetírók, régészek észrevették e tényt, és tekintetüket ma ismét Közel- Kelet, elsősorban Mezopotámia felé irányítják, mert őstörténelmüknek új alapot kell keresniük. Az angol gyarmatosítás során, még a XVIII. században, Indiában felfedezett szanszkrit nyelvre alapozott indo-germán, ma indo-európainak nevezett faj- és nyelvelmélet alatt megingott a talaj. De megingott a finnugorizmus hipotézise alatt is, mely az előbbiből fejlődött ki. Tevékenységüket két tény bizonyítja. Először: a törökországi Catal Hüyük régész-lelőhelyen hatalmas, huszonöt évre szóló feltárásba kezdtek, a legmodernebb technikai eszközökkel felszerelve; másodszor: a tévesen „hurritának” elnevezett szabir eredetű népetnikum egy csoportját mindenáron árja, indo-európai őseiknek akarják elismertetni. Mindkét szándékuk közvetlenül érinti a szabir-magyarok ősmúltját is. Ezért e könyvemben főleg a „hurriták” szabir-magyar -
Povestiri Din Orient (Tâlcuite În Versuri Pentru Cei Mici) Volumul I: Mul-An, Muzica Stelelor Cerului Şi Monologul Scepticului
DOBRE I. VALENTIN-CLAUDIU – POVESTIRI DIN ORIENT (TÂLCUITE ÎN VERSURI PENTRU CEI MICI) VOLUMUL I: MUL-AN, MUZICA STELELOR CERULUI ŞI MONOLOGUL SCEPTICULUI Valentin-Claudiu I. DOBRE POVESTIRI DIN ORIENT (TÂLCUITE ÎN VERSURI PENTRU CEI MICI) VOLUMUL I: MUL-AN, MUZICA STELELOR CERULUI ŞI MONOLOGUL SCEPTICULUI 0 - 962 1 3 - 0 COLECŢIA ZIDUL DE HÂRTIE - 973 Ediţie electronică pdf CD-ROM 2020 - BUCUREŞTI 2020 ISBN ISBN 978 ISBN 978-973-0-31962-0 1 Page DOBRE I. VALENTIN-CLAUDIU – POVESTIRI DIN ORIENT (TÂLCUITE ÎN VERSURI PENTRU CEI MICI) VOLUMUL I: MUL-AN, MUZICA STELELOR CERULUI ŞI MONOLOGUL SCEPTICULUI Valentin-Claudiu I. DOBRE POVESTIRI DIN ORIENT (TÂLCUITE ÎN VERSURI PENTRU CEI MICI). VOLUMUL I: MUL-AN, MUZICA STELELOR CERULUI ŞI MONOLOGUL SCEPTICULUI Ediţie electronică pdf CD-ROM 2020 0 Dedicată Celor Dragi, Soţiei mele iubite - 962 1 3 - COLECŢIA ZIDUL DE HÂRTIE 0 - 973 - Ediţie electronică pdf CD-ROM 2020 Bucureşti 2020 ISBN 978 ISBN 978-973-0-31962-0 2 Page DOBRE I. VALENTIN-CLAUDIU – POVESTIRI DIN ORIENT (TÂLCUITE ÎN VERSURI PENTRU CEI MICI) VOLUMUL I: MUL-AN, MUZICA STELELOR CERULUI ŞI MONOLOGUL SCEPTICULUI Drepturile asupra acestei ediţii aparţin autorului. Orice reproducere fără indicarea sursei strict prohibită. Lucrările grafice redate nu au restricții de reproducere. SURSELE TEXTELOR ORIGINALE: - ETCSL Project, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford; Adresă site: http: //etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/edition2/etcslbynumb.php - Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLB- Bulletin şi CDLJ- Journal); Adresă site: http: //cdli.ucla.edu - ETCSRI Corpus; Adresă site: http: //oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/corpus - Colecţia Montserrat Museum, Barcelona, Spain, studii Molina Manuel; Adresă site: http: //bdtns.filol.csic.es - Cuneiform Monographs Vol. -
JISMOR9: Full Text
Journal of the Interdisciplinary Study of Monotheistic Religions 9th Issue (No.9) CONTENTS Feature: Monotheism and the Redefinition of Divinity in Ancient Israel Ada Taggar-Cohen Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 1 Mark S. Smith Monotheism and the Redefinition of Divinity in Ancient Israel …………………………………………………………………………… 3 Elizabeth Bloch-Smith Questions about Monotheism in Ancient Israel: Between Archaeology and Texts …………………………………………………………………………… 20 Ada Taggar-Cohen Concept of the Divine in Hittite Culture and the Hebrew Bible: Expression of the Divine …………………………………………………………………………… 29 Editor’s Postscript Guidelines for Submissions JISMOR 9 Monotheism and the Rede!nition of Divinity in Ancient Israel Introduction Ada Taggar-Cohen On December 15, 2012, CISMOR invited two guest speakers, Prof. Mark Smith (New York University) and Prof. Elizabeth Bloch-Smith (Union !eological Seminary) and held a public lecture and workshop on the theme “!e Concept of Monotheism in the Time of the Hebrew Bible,” at the School of !eology, Doshisha University. !e 20th century brought new perspectives to the study of the religion of the Hebrew Bible (=HB) due to new interpretations using new methods, which were introduced to the research of the religions of Ancient Israel. A great part of this development is due to the availability of new texts and artifacts of the ancient cultures that neighbored Ancient Israel. Texts from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Levant (i.e. Syria-Lebanon) that have been deciphered and studied, have allowed scholars to trace the origins and background of some biblical stories concerning historical events, as well as ideas and beliefs expressed in the HB. Further, the intensive archaeological activities in all these regions, and especially the region of Ancient Israel itself, opened new doors to our understanding of the complicated religious picture drawn in the HB texts. -
The Discoveries in Crete
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/discoveriesincreOOburruoft THE DISCOVERIES IN CRETE PLATE I Vases from Hagia Triada Scale—A 1:3, B i : 2. FHE DISCOVERIES IN CRETE AND THEIR BEARING ON THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT CIVILISATION By RONALD M. BURROWS PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, CARDIFF WITH ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1907 ) \ PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLESBURY. if: PREFACE The present book is an attempt to meet a need that has been widely felt during the last few years, not only by classical scholars, but by the general cultured public. Mr. Arthur Evans's discoveries at Knossos made an impression on the popular imagination when they were first presented to the world six years ago, and the impression was deepened by the wonderful ex- hibition of Cretan art at Burlington House two years later. Even at that time, however, the accounts of the excavations that were accessible to the public were as fragmentary as they were fascinating. Since then the mass of new material has been so great that it has taken Mr. Evans all his time to publish the details as they came out in the various learned Journals which had a right to expect them. The promptness with which the result of each year's work has appeared is remarkable, and it has been out of the question to expect from Mr. Evans a general survey of the ground until the completion of the excava- tions. -
The Double Axe and Approaching the Question of Karian-Kretan Interaction
Karia and Krete: a study in social and cultural interaction Naomi H Carless Unwin UCL DPhil History 1 I, Naomi H Carless Unwin, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract My thesis focuses on social and cultural interaction between Karia (in south western Anatolia) and Krete, over a long time span; from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. A persistent tradition existed in antiquity linking the Karians with Krete; this was mirrored in civic mythologies in Karia, as well as in cults and toponyms. My research aims to construct a new framework in which to read these traditions. The way in which a community ‘remembered’ its past was not an objective view of history; traditions were transmitted because they were considered to reflect something about a society. The persistence of a Kretan link within Karian mythologies and cults indicates that Krete was ‘good to think with’ even (or especially) during a period when Karia itself was undergoing changes (becoming, in a sense, both ‘de-Karianized’ and ‘Hellenized’). I focus on the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, from which most of our source material derives. The relevance of a shared past is considered in light of actual contacts between the two regions: diplomatic, economic, cultural and military. Against the prevailing orthodoxy, which maintains that traditions of earlier contacts, affinities and kinship between peoples from different parts of the Mediterranean were largely constructs of later periods, I take seriously the origins of such traditions and explore how the networks that linked Minoan Krete with Anatolia could have left a residuum in later conceptualisations of regional history.