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The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Renaissance Preface The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Renaissance is a reference book, with entries arranged in A–Z format. To go directly to a particular entry, click on the link in the table of contents. There are also links between entries – click on any underlined word to jump to the related entry. © Copyright Research Machines plc 2005. All rights reserved. Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. Helicon Publishing New Mill House 183 Milton Park Abingdon Oxon OX14 4SE e-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.helicon.co.uk Cover photograph © Corel. Table of contents A Aachen, Hans von Abbate, Niccolò dell' Abravanel, Isaac Academia secretorum naturae academy Acciaiuoli, Donato Acciaiuoli family Accolti, Benedetto Accolti, Bernardo Accolti family Achillini, Alessandro Acosta, José de Adagia Adamson, Patrick Adlington, William Adoration of the Lamb Adrian VI Adriano de Castello Adriano Fiorentino Aertzen, Pieter Afonso V Agostino di Duccio Agostino Veneziano Agricola, Alexander Agricola, Georgius Agricola, Martin Agricola, Rudolphus Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius Ailly, Pierre d' Alamanni, Luigi Alberti, Gasparo Alberti, Leon Battista Albertinelli, Mariotto Albizzi, Rinaldo degli Albuquerque, Afonso de Albuquerque, Afonso de Alciati, Andrea Alcock, John Aldegrever, Heinrich Aldine Academy Aldine Press Aldrovandi, Ulisse Aleandro, Girolamo Alemán, Mateo Alessi, Galeazzo Alexander VI Alfonso II Alfonso V (of Aragon) Ali, Mustafa all'antica Allen, William Alleyn, Edward Allori, Alessandro Almeida, Francisco de Aloysius, St Alpini, Prospero altarpiece Altdorfer, Albrecht Alva, Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo Alvarado, Pedro de Amadeo, Giovanni Antonio Amat, Juan Carlos Amberger, Christoph Amboise, Georges d' Ambrosian Republic Amerbach, Johannes Amman, Jobst Ammanati, Bartolommeo Ammerbach, Elias Nikolaus Amsdorf, Nikolaus von Amyot, Jacques Ana, Francesco d' Anabaptist anamorphosis anatomy André, Bernard Andrea del Sarto Andreoli, Giorgio Andrewes, Lancelot Angeli, Pietro Angelo Angelico, Fra Anghiari, Battle of Anguissola, Sofonisba Anjou dynasty Anne of Denmark Annio of Viterbo Ansidei Madonna, The Antico, Andrea de Antico, L' antipope Antonello da Messina Antonino, St Anwykyll, John Apel, Nikolaus Apelles Apian, Peter Apollo Belvedere Apostolius, Michael Appenzeller, Benedictus Appleby, Thomas Apuleius Aquaviva, Claudius Arason, Jón Araucana Arbeau, Thoinot Arcadelt, Jacob Arcimboldo, Giuseppe Arena Chapel Aretino, Pietro Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll Argyropolous, Johannes Ariosto, Ludovico Armin, Robert Arminius, Jacobus Arndt, Johann Arrabbiati Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran ars nova Ascensius, Jodocus Badius Ascham, Roger Ashwell, Thomas Asola, Giammateo Aspertini, Amico Aston, Hugh astrology Atahualpa Athanasius, St Athanasius, St Aubigné, Théodore Agrippa d' Audley, Thomas Augsburg, Confession of Augsburg, Peace of Aurispa, Giovanni auto Aytoun, Robert B Bacon, Francis (politician) Bade, Josse Baglioni family Baïf, Jean Antoine de Bakfark, Balint (Valentin Greff) Balassi, Bálint Baldovinetti, Alesso Baldung Grien, Hans Bale, John ballet de cour Banchieri, Adriano Bandello, Matteo Bandinelli, Baccio Barbari, Jacopo de' Barbaro, Daniele Barbaro, Ermolao (bishop of Verona) Barbaro, Ermolao (patriarch of Aquileia) Barbaro, Francesco Barbarossa Barbé, Anton Barclay, Alexander Bardi family Barends, Dirk Barents, Willem Barnaba da Modena Barna da Siena Barnes, Barnabe Barnfield, Richard Barocci, Federico Baronius, Caesar Barros, João de Bartas, Guillaume de Saluste du Bartholomew Fair Bartoli, Taddeo Bartolommeo, Fra Barzizza, Gasparino Basawan Basel, Confessions of Basel, Council of Basil of Caesarea, St Bassano, Giovanni Bassano, Jacopo (Jacopo da Ponte) Bateson, Thomas Báthory, Stephen Batten, Adrian Baudart, Willem Bauldeweyn, Noel Bay, Michel de Bayer, Johann Beaufort, Lady Margaret Beccadelli, Antonio Beccafumi, Domenico Beccaria, Antonio Bedford, John, Duke of Bedford Bedyngham, John Bekynton, Thomas Belgic Confession Bellano, Bartolommeo Bellarmine, Roberto Francesco Romolo Belleau, Rémy Bellechose, Henri Belleforest, François de Bellegambe, Jean Belli, Girolamo Belli, Valerio Bellini family Belon, Pierre Bembo, Pietro Benedetto da Maiano Benivieni, Girolamo Berchem, Jachet de Bermejo, Bartolomé Bermudo, Juan Bernardino of Siena, St Berni, Francesco Beroaldo, Filippo the Elder Beroaldo, Filippo the Younger Berruguete, Alonso Berruguete, Pedro Bersuire, Pierre Bertaut, Jean Bertoldo di Giovanni Bertrand, Antoine de Besard, Jean-Baptiste Bessarion, Johannes Beza, Théodore Bianchi Ferrari, Francesco bianchi girari Bible stories (in Renaissance painting and sculpture) Binchois, Gilles de Bins Biondi, Gian Francesco Biondo, Flavio Biringuccio, Vannoccio Bissolo, Francesco Blaeu, Willem Janszoon Blahoslav, Jan Bles, Herri met de Boccaccio, Giovanni Boccalini, Trajano Bodin, Jean Bodley, Thomas Boiardo, Matteo Maria, Count of Scandiano Bol, Hans Boleyn, Anne Bologna, Concord(at) of Boltraffio, Giovanni Antonio Bombelli, Raffaele Bonfigli, Benedetto Bono da Ferrara Bonsignori, Francesco Bontemps, Pierre Book of Hours Bordone, Paris Borgia, Cesare Borgia, Lucrezia Borgogne, Ambrogio Borromeo, St Carlo Bos, Cornelis Boscà i Almogàver, Joan Bosch, Hieronymus Bostius, Arnoldus Botero, Giovanni Botticelli, Sandro Botticini, Francesco Bourbon, Charles, 8th Duke of Bourbon Bourbon, Nicholas Bourchier, John, Lord Berners Bourdichon, Jean Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of Bouts, Dirk bowdlerization Boyd, Mark Alexander Bracciolini, Poggio Brahe, Tycho Bramante Bramantino Brant (Brandt), Sebastian Brantôme, Pierre de (Bourdeille) Breda, Compromise of Bregno, Andrea Breton, Nicholas Brill, Matheus (or Matthew) (1550–1584) and Paul (1554–1626) (painters) Broederlam, Melchior Bronzino, Agnolo Brueghel Brumel, Antoine Brunelleschi, Filippo Brunfels, Otto Bruni, Leonardo Bruno, Giordano Bucer, Martin Buchanan, George Buchner, Johann (Hans von Constantz) Budaeus Budé, Guillaume Bugenhagen, Johannes Bullant, Jean Bullinger, Johann Heinrich Buon, Bartolommeo Buonamente, Giovanni Battista Buonconsiglio, Giovanni Burbage, Richard Burchard, Johannes Burchiello, Domenico Burghley, William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley Bürgi, Jost Burgkmair, Hans Burmeister, Joachim Burton, Avery Bury, the Monk of Busnois, Antoine Butinone, Bernardino Buus, Jachet (Jacques) Buxtorf, Johannes (I) Byrd, William (composer) Byzantine novel C Cabezón, Antonio de Cabot, Sebastian Caboto, Giovanni Cabral, Pedro Alvares Caccini, Giulio Caius, John Cajetan, Jacopo (Tommaso de Vio) Calcar, Jan Steven van Calderini, Domizio Calepino, Ambrogio Calixtus III (pope) Calvaert, Denis Calvin, John Calvisius, Seth Cambiaso, Luca Cambrai, League of Camden, William Camerarius, Joachim Camoëns, Luis Vaz de Campagnola, Giulio Campana, Pedro de Campanella, Tommaso Campin, Robert Campion, Thomas cancionero Cane, Facino Canis, Corneille Cano, Juan Sebastian del Cano, Melchior cantus firmus Caravaggio, Polidoro Caldara da Cardano, Girolamo Carlo Emanuele I Carlton, Richard Carmeliano, Pietro Caro, Annibale Carolingian Renaissance Carpaccio, Vittore Cartier, Jacques cartoon Carver, Robert Casa, Giovanni della Casaubon, Isaac Cascina, Battle of Caserta, Anthonello (Marotus) da Caserta, Philipottus da Cassander, Georg cassone Castagno, Andrea del Castanheda, Fernão Lopes de Castellesi, Adriano Castellio, Sebastian Castelvetro, Lodovico Castiglionchio, Lapo da Castiglione, Baldassare Castillejo, Cristóbal de Castro y Bellvís, Guillén de Catherine de' Medici Catherine of Genoa, St Catherine of Siena Cavalieri, Emilio de' Cavazzoni, Marco Antonio Caxton, William Cecil, Robert Cecil, William Celestina, La Cellini, Benvenuto Celtis, Konrad Cennini, Cennino Centuriators of Magdeburg Certon, Pierre Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de Cesalpino, Andrea Cesariano, Cesare Céspedes, Pablo de chambers of rhetoric Chambord, Château de Champlain, Samuel de Chapman, George Charles (VI) the Mad Charles VII (of France) Charles VIII (of France) Charles V Charles VIII (of Sweden) Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Charonton, Enguerrand Charron, Pierre Chastellain, Georges Chaucer, Geoffrey Cheke, John Chelcický, Petr Chenonceau, Château de Chettle, Henry chiaroscuro Chigi, Agostino chivalry Christian I Christian II Christian III Christine de Pisan Christus, Petrus Chrysoloras, Manuel Churchyard, Thomas Cigoli, Lodovico Cardi da Cima, Giovanni Battista Cincius Romanus cire perdue Civitali, Matteo Clanvowe, John Clavius, Christoph Clemens non Papa Clement VII Clement VIII Cleve, Joos van (der Beke) Clouet Clovio, Giulio Cobbold, William Cochlaeus, Johannes Coclico (Coclicus), Adrianus Petit Codussi, Mauro Coecke van Aelst, Pieter Coello, Alonso Sánchez Coeur, Jacques Colet, John Coligny, Gaspard de Colleoni, Bartolommeo Colocci, Angelo Colombe, Michel Colombo, Matteo Realdo Colonna, Francesco Colonna, Pompeo Colonna, Prospero Colonna, Vittoria colore Columbus, Christopher Comines, Philippe de commedia erudita Common Life, Brothers and Sisters of the Common Prayer, Book of communications Compenius, Heinrich Compère, Loyset Complutensian Polyglot concetto conciliarism Concord, Formula of Condé, Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé Condé, Henri I de Bourbon, 2nd Prince of Condé Condivi, Ascanio condottiere Coninxloo, Gillis van Constable, Henry Constance, Council of contrapposto converso Coornheert, Dirck Volckertszoon Coperario, Giovanni Copernicus, Nicolaus Cornaro, Caterina Cornaro, Luigi Corneille de Lyon Cornelisz, Cornelis Cornelisz.,