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GRAS Notice 789 for Erythritol
GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 789 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory. Toi• Strategies ~~~~G~~[)) JUN 7 20'8 Innovative solutions Sound science OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y June 5, 2018 Dr. Dennis Keefe Director, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835 Subject: GRAS Notification - Erythritol Dear Dr. Keefe: On behalf of Cargill, Incorporated, ToxStrategies, Inc. (its agent) is submitting, for FDA review, a copy of the GRAS notification as required. The enclosed document provides notice of a claim that the food ingredient, erythritol, described in the enclosed notification is exempt from the premarket approval requirement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act because it has been determined to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS), based on scientific procedures, for addition to food. If you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at 630-352-0303, or [email protected]. Sincerely, (b) (6) Donald F. Schmitt, M.P.H. Senior Managing Scientist ToxStrategies, Inc., 931 W. 75th St. , Suite 137, PMB 263, Naperville, IL 60565 1 Office (630) 352-0303 • www.toxstrategies.com GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food JUNES,2018 Innovative solutions s ,..,.,',--.r-.r--.r--. OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFE1Y GRAS Determination of Erythritol for Use in Human Food SUBMITTED BY: Cargill, Incorporated 15407 McGinty Road West Wayzata, MN 55391 SUBMITTED TO: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Food Additive Safety HFS-200 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park MD 20740-3835 CONTACT FOR TECHNICAL OR OTIIER INFORMATION Donald F. -
“Polyols: a Primer for Dietetic Professionals” Is a Self-Study
1 “Polyols: A primer for dietetic professionals” is a self-study module produced by the Calorie Control Council, an accredited provider of continuing professional education (CPE) for dietetic professionals by the Commission on Dietetic Registration. It provides one hour of level 1 CPE credit for dietetic professionals. The full text of the module is in the notes section of each page, and is accompanied by summary points and/or visuals in the box at the top of the page. Directions for obtaining CPE are provided at the end of the module. 2 After completing this module, dietetic professionals will be able to: • Define polyols. • Identify the various types of polyols found in foods. • Understand the uses and health effects of polyols in foods. • Counsel clients on how to incorporate polyols into an overall healthful eating pattern. 3 4 Polyols are carbohydrates that are hydrogenated, meaning that a hydroxyl group replaces the aldehyde or ketone group found on sugars. Hydrogenated monosaccharides include erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol. Hydrogenated disaccharides include lactitol, isomalt, and maltitol. And hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSH), or polyglycitols (a wide range of corn syrups and maltodextrins), are formed from polysaccharides (Grabitske and Slavin 2008). 5 Nearly 54 percent of Americans are trying to lose weight, more than ever before. Increasingly, they are turning toward no- and low-sugar, and reduced calorie, foods and beverages to help them achieve their weight loss goals (78% of Americans who are trying to lose weight) (CCC 2010). Polyols, found in many of these foods, are becoming a subject of more interest. 6 They are incompletely digested , therefore are sometimes referred to as “low- digestible carbohydrates.” Polyols are not calorie free, as there is some degree of digestion and absorption of the carbohydrate. -
Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend
energies Article Identification of Promising Alternative Mono-Alcohol Fuel Blend Components for Spark Ignition Engines Saeid Aghahossein Shirazi 1, Thomas D. Foust 1,2 and Kenneth F. Reardon 1,2,* 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email protected] (S.A.S.); [email protected] (T.D.F.) 2 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 March 2020; Accepted: 12 April 2020; Published: 15 April 2020 Abstract: Alcohols are attractive fuel blendstocks for spark ignition engines due to their high octane values and potentially positive influence on performance and emission. Although methanol, ethanol, and butanol have been widely studied, other biomass-derived alcohols may have similar or better properties. However, it is not feasible to experimentally investigate the fuel potential of every molecule. The goals of this study were to develop a methodology for rapid screening of a fuel property database for mono-alcohols and to identify alcohols with the potential of blending to produce advantaged motor gasolines. A database was developed with 13 fuel properties of all saturated C1–C10 mono-alcohols. A decision framework was used to evaluate alcohols suitable for blending in gasoline for spark ignition engines in two scenarios: low-range (up to 15 vol%) blends and high-range (greater than 40 vol%) blends. The low-range blend cases resulted in the identification of 48 alcohols. In the case of high-range blending, only six alcohols were found to be suitable. This is the first study to systematically evaluate all C1–C10 saturated alcohols for blending with gasoline using relevant fuel properties. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,945,382 Cantegrill Et Al
US005.945382A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,945,382 Cantegrill et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Aug. 31, 1999 54 FUNGICIDAL ARYLPYRAZOLES 2300173 12/1990 Japan. 2224208 5/1990 United Kingdom. 75 Inventors: Richard Cantegril, Lyons; Denis Croisat, Paris; Philippe Desbordes, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Lyons, Francois Guigues, English translation of JP 2-300173, 1990. Rillieux-la-Pape; Jacques Mortier, La English translation of JP 59–53468, 1984. Bouéxier; Raymond Peignier, Caluire; English translation of JP 3-93774, 1991. Jean Pierre Vors, Lyons, all of France Miura et al., (CA 1.14:164226), 1991. Miura et al., (CA 115:92260), 1991. 73 Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie, Lyons, Chemical Abstracts, vol. 108, No. 23, 1986, abstract No. France 204577b. CAS Registry Handbook, No. section, RN=114913-44-9, * Notice: This patent is subject to a terminal dis 114486-01-0, 99067-15-9, 113140-19-5, 73227-97-1, claimer. 27069-17-6, 18099-21–3, 17978-27-7, 1988. 21 Appl. No.: 08/325,283 Hattori et al., CA 68:68981 (1968), Registry No. 17978–25–5, 17978-26-6, 17978-27-7 and 18099–21-3. 22 PCT Filed: Apr. 26, 1993 Hattori et al., CA 68:68982 (1968), Registry No. 17978-28-8. 86 PCT No.: PCT/FR93/00403 Janssen et al., CA 78: 159514 (1973), Registry No. S371 Date: Dec. 22, 1994 38858-97-8 and 38859-02-8. Chang et al., CA 92:146667 (1980), Registry No. S 102(e) Date: Dec. 22, 1994 73227 91-1. Berenyi et al., CA 94:156963 (1981), Registry No. -
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List
Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List Source: T - ACGIH F - NFPA49 C - IARC Alphabetical Order C.A.S. ACGIH NFPA IARC CHEMICAL NAME 13010-47-4 C 1,-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-Nitrosourea 76-11-9 T 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane 76-12-0 T 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane 79-34-5 T 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane - skin 76-13-1 T 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 79-00-5 T F C 1,1,2-trichloroethane - skin 594-72-9 T 1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane 74-34-3 T 1,1-dichloroethane 57-14-7 T 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (udmh) 96-18-4 T 1,2,3-trichloropropane 120-82-1 T 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 106-88-7 F 1,2-Butylene oxide 107-15-3 T F 1,2-Diaminoethane 96-12-8 C 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 106-93-4 T F C 1,2-Dibromoethane - skin 107-06-2 T F 1,2-Dichlorethane 540-59-0 T F 1,2-Dichloroethene 540-59-0 T F 1,2-Dichloroetylene 1615-80-1 C 1,2-Diethylhydrazine C 1,2-Dimethyl hydrazine - skin 106-99-0 T F 1,3-Butadiene 118-52-5 T 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 542-75-6 T F 1,3-Dichloropropene (cis and trans) 542-75-6 T F 1,3-Dichloropropylene 110-56-5 F 1,4-Dichlorobutane 123-91-1 T F C 1,4-Dioxane 1120-71-4 1-3-Propane sultone 110-53-2 F 1-Bromopentane 106-89-8 T F C 1-Chloro,2,3-epoxy-propane 600-25-9 T 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane 97-00-7 F 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 543-59-9 F 1-Chloropentane 112-30-1 F 1-Decanol 111-27-3 F 1-Hexanol 141-79-7 T F 1-Isobutenyl methyl ketone 108-03-2 T F 1-Nitropropane 71-41-0 F 1-Pentanol 110-58-7 F 1-Pentylamine 111-40-0 T F 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine 111-44-4 F 2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether 75-99-0 T 2,2-dichloropropionic acid 556-52-5 T 2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol 93-76-5 T 2,4,5-T 95-95-4 F 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 88-06-2 F C 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 118-96-7 T F 2,4,6-Trinitro Toluene 479-95-8 T 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl-methylnitramine 94-75-7 T 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 97-02-9 F 2,4-dinitroaniline 584-84-9 T F 2,4-Tolylene diisocyanate 108-83-8 T 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 108-83-8 T 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 128-37-0 T 2,6-Ditert. -
Toxicological Profile for 2-Butanone Released for Public Comment in May 2019
Toxicological Profile for 2-Butanone October 2020 2-BUTANONE ii DISCLAIMER Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2-BUTANONE iii FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for these toxic substances described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic information; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a relevance to public health discussion which would allow a public health professional to make a real-time determination of whether the presence of a particular substance in the environment poses a potential threat to human health. The adequacy of information to determine a substance's -
The Evolution of Pleconaril: Modified O-Alkyl Linker Analogs Have
molecules Communication The Evolution of Pleconaril: Modified O-Alkyl Linker Analogs Have Biological Activity towards Coxsackievirus B3 Nancy 1, 2, 1 3 Alexandrina Volobueva y, Anna Egorova y, Anastasia Galochkina , Sean Ekins , Vladimir Zarubaev 1 and Vadim Makarov 2,* 1 Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira str., 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (V.Z.) 2 Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect, 33, build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 3 Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 10 February 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 16 March 2020 Abstract: Coxsackieviruses type B are one of the most common causes of mild upper respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. At the time of writing, there are no approved drugs for effective antiviral treatment for Coxsackieviruses type B. We used the core-structure of pleconaril, a well-known antienteroviral drug candidate, for the synthesis of novel compounds with O-propyl linker modifications. Some original compounds with 4 different linker patterns, such as sulfur atom, ester, amide, and piperazine, were synthesized according to five synthetic schemes. The cytotoxicity and bioactivity of 14 target compounds towards Coxsackievirus B3 Nancy were examined. Based on the results, the values of 50% cytotoxic dose (CC50), 50% virus-inhibiting dose (IC50), and selectivity index (SI) were calculated for each compound. Several of the novel synthesized derivatives exhibited a strong anti-CVB3 activity (SI > 20 to > 200). -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet Al
USOO74949.62B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.494,962 B2 Kinet al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 24, 2009 (54) SOLVENTS CONTAINING CYCLOAKYL (56) References Cited ALKYLETHERS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE ETHERS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3496,223 A * 2/1970 Mitchell et al. ............... 562/22 (75) Inventors: Idan Kin, Ottawa (CA); Genichi Ohta, Tokyo (JP); Kazuo Teraishi, Tokyo (JP); Kiyoshi Watanabe, Tokyo (JP) (Continued) (73) Assignee: Zeon Corporation, Tokyo (JP) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this EP 587434 A1 3, 1994 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 349 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 10/481,340 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 27, 2002 Edited by Kagaku Daijiten Henshu Iinkai, “Kagaku Daijiten 9”. (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP02/06501 Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., Aug. 25, 1962, p. 437, "Yozai'. (Continued) S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Sep. 24, 2004 Primary Examiner Gregory E Webb (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/002500 Birch, LLP PCT Pub. Date: Jan. 9, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data The present inventions are (A) a solvent comprising at least US 2005/OO65060A1 Mar. 24, 2005 one cycloalkyl alkyl ether (1) represented by the general O O formula: R1-O R2 (wherein R1 is cyclopentyl or the like: (30) Foreign Application Priority Data and R2 is C1-10 alkyl or the like); (B) a method of prepara Jun. 28, 2001 (JP) ............................. 2001-196766 tions the ethers (1) characterized by reacting an alicyclic Oct. -
Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone’ (HEPB)
SCCS/1582/16 Final version Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS OPINION ON Ethylzingerone – ‘Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone’ (HEPB) (Cosmetics Europe No P98) The SCCS adopted this Opinion by written procedure on 7 April 2017 SCCS/1582/16 Final Opinion on Ethylzingerone - ‘Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone’ (HEPB) - Cosmetics Europe No P98 About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCCS The Committee shall provide Opinions on questions concerning all types of health and safety risks (notably chemical, biological, mechanical and other physical risks) of non-food consumer products (for example: cosmetic products and their ingredients, toys, textiles, clothing, personal care and household products such as detergents, etc.) and services (for example: tattooing, artificial sun tanning, etc.). Scientific Committee members Ulrike Bernauer, Laurent Bodin, Leonardo Celleno, Qasim Chaudhry, Pieter Jan Coenraads, Maria Dusinska, Janine Ezendam, Eric Gaffet, Corrado Lodovico Galli, Berit Granum, Eirini Panteri, Vera Rogiers, Christophe Rousselle, Maciej Stepnik, Tamara Vanhaecke, Susan Wijnhoven. -
Surface Tension Study of Concentration Dependent Cluster Breaking in Acetone-Alcohol Systems
www.sciencevision.org Sci Vis 12 (3), 102-105 July-September 2012 Original Research ISSN (print) 0975-6175 ISSN (online) 2229-6026 Surface tension study of concentration dependent cluster breaking in acetone-alcohol systems Jonathan Lalnunsiama* and V. Madhurima Department of Physics, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796 004, India Received 19 April 2012 | Revised 10 May 2012 | Accepted 13 August 2012 ABSTRACT Alcohols are well-known for the formation of clusters due to hydrogen bonds. When a second mo- lecular species such as acetone is added to an alcohol system, the hydrogen bonds are broken lead- ing to a destruction of the molecular clusters. In this paper we report the findings of surface ten- sion study over the entire concentration region of acetone and six alcohol systems over the entire concentration range. The alcohols chosen were methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol and octanol. Surface tension was measured using the pendent drop method. Our study showed a specific molecular interaction near the 1:1 concentration of lower alcohols and acetone whereas the higher alcohols did not exhibit the same. Key words: Surface tension; hydrogen bond; alcohols; acetone. INTRODUCTION vent effects4 but such effects are important and hence there are many studies of hydrogen Alcohols are marked by their ability to bonds in solvents.5 Dielectric and calorimetric form hydrogen bonded clusters.1,2 The addi- studies of clusters in alcohols in carbon-tertra- tion of a second molecular species, whether chloride were attributed to homogeneous as- hydrogen-bonded or not, will change the in- sociations of the alcohol.6 For methanol in p- termolecular interactions in the alcohol sys- dioxane the chain-like clusters were seen to tem, especially by breaking of the hydrogen- form the networks and not cyclic structures.7 bonded clusters. -
Syntheses and Eliminations of Cyclopentyl Derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1966 Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives David John Rausch Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Rausch, David John, "Syntheses and eliminations of cyclopentyl derivatives " (1966). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 2875. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/2875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66—6996 RAUSCH, David John, 1940- SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1966 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SYNTHESES AND ELIMINATIONS OF CYCLOPENTYL DERIVATIVES by David John Rausch A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1966 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS VITA INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL Conformation of Cyclopentanes Elimination Reactions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Synthetic Elimination Reactions EXPERIMENTAL Preparation and Purification of Materials Procedures and Data for Beta Elimination Reactions SUMMARY LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii VITA The author was born in Aurora, Illinois, on October 24, 1940, to Mr.