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PSI Annual Report 2014.Indd Planetary Science Institute ANNUAL REPORT 2014 2 PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE Th e Planetary Science Institute is a On the Cover private, nonprofi t 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to Solar System exploration. Above left : Jim Rice, Senior Scientist and NASA Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Geology- Team Leader on Opportunity rover, has worked with astronauts onboard the International It is headquartered in Tucson, Arizona, Space Station to select Martian regions for the rover to study. An area that caught the where it was founded in 1972. attention of the science team is the Spirit of St. Louis crater, featuring a hillock of rocks called Lindbergh Mound (top image). Th e origin of the small, shallow crater (80 feet wide), whether by impact or other activity is as yet unknown. PSI scientists are involved in numerous Above right: PSI Co-founder Bill Hartmann noticed that the image of Lindbergh mound NASA and international missions, the is strikingly similar to a painting (bottom image) he made in 2008. Hartmann, known study of Mars and other planets, the for his artistry as well as his research, painted this landscape during a camping trip in the Moon, asteroids, comets, interplanetary Sierra el Rosario volcanic mountain complex, which protrudes from the “Gran Desierto” dunes just south of the Arizona border in northwest Sonora, Mexico, about fi ve hours dust, impact physics, the origin of the from Tucson. Th e on-site painting shows an outcrop of basalt lava with red sunrise Solar System, extra-solar planet formation, light on the background dunes. Th e striking similarity between the Mars photo and the dynamical evolution of planetary systems, terrestrial painting reminds us of the many parallels between Mars and Earth. the rise of life and other areas of research. A benefi t of PSI’s home location in the Sonoran Desert is that probable counterparts to Martian geology are all around us. Th ey conduct geologic fi eldwork on all continents of the Earth. Th ey are also PSI BOARD OF TRUSTEES actively involved in science education and public outreach through professional development programs for teachers, Tim Hunter, M.D., Chair experiential science education for students, University of Arizona Medical Center children’s books, popular science books and art. Candace Kohl, Ph.D., Vice Chair Independent Consultant PSI scientists are based in 20 states and the District of Columbia, and work from Benjamin Smith, J.D., Secretary Attorney at Law various locations around the world. Joseph K. Alexander Independent Consultant Brent Archinal, Ph.D. Planetary Science Institute Geodesist 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106 William K. Hartmann, Ph.D. Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395 Planetary Science Institute Phone 520-622-6300 Fax 520-622-8060 Pat H. Simmons www.psi.edu Alliance Bank Mark V. Sykes, Ph.D., J.D. Planetary Science Institute 2 NOTE FROM THE DIRECTOR PSI is internationally known for the quality of the research of its scientists. They are often in the news, their work is featured on the covers of journals and they win awards and fellowships. Now PSI is also being recognized for its work as an employer. PSI was the recipient of the 2014 When Work Works Award for its use of effective strategies to increase employee success and grow the business. PSI was ranked 20th nationwide among U.S. corporations in workplace efficiency and flexibility. This recognizes our culture of openness and high level of mutual support that help our scientists and educators to succeed while allowing the Institute to grow both employee numbers and revenue. Workplace flexibility allows us to support our scientists in many locations across the United States and around the world. We also put much authority in the hands of Principal Investigators in the management of their grants and other awards and endeavor to provide them with the tools and support they need to accomplish their goals. The success of our scientists and educators is our priority. There is no resting on any laurels, however, as we seek always to make things better. The Dawn mission approaches the final segment of its long journey from Vesta to the dwarf planet Ceres this year, at which point it becomes the first spacecraft to orbit more than one Solar System object. PSI has a large contingent of scientists involved with this mission who spent their time continuing to analyze Vesta data and prepare for Ceres approach. In December, Dawn made its first resolved image of Ceres. While only 9 pixels across, it was considered by all to be a portent of positive things to come! PSI scientists also continued their intensive study of Mars as members of the Mars Exploration Rover team, Mars Curiosity Rover, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Express missions, in addition to numerous separately funded research projects. The evidence continues to mount for a Mars that was habitable in the distant past, but questions continue to be raised about whether it is habitable – if not inhabited – today, below its surface. It is sad that the diversity of U.S. engagement on Mars will be significantly declining over the remainder of this decade, when so many important discoveries have yet to be made. One of the exciting events of the year was the close passage of Comet Siding Spring to Mars, coming within 132,000 km of the Red Planet. Research Scientist Jian-Yang Li used the Hubble Space Telescope to help constrain the characteristics of this new comet. Senior Scientist Pasquale Tricarico modeled the hazard to numerous spacecraft in operation around Mars from large dust particles emitted by the comet. This resulted in the repositioning of spacecraft assets to the opposite side of Mars during the comet passage to minimize that threat. All went well. PSI was also the recipient of a NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts award for a project, led by Senior Scientist Tom Prettyman, to develop a method to create CAT scans of the interior of small asteroids and comets using muons created at their surfaces by high-energy galactic cosmic rays. Very little is known about the interiors of these objects apart from, in a few cases, bulk density. The detection or non-detection of macroporosities, vents, and other structures would provide insight into their formation, evolution and (thinking in terms of future human exploration and resource utilization) mechanical stability. The Sun was a subject of study this year (we do accept that the Sun is a part of the Solar System and that Earth is a planet). Senior Scientist Bill Feldman participated in the discovery of a new part of the Sun’s atmosphere when modestly energetic particles called fast neutrons were detected using an instrument on board the MESSENGER spacecraft. Associate Research Scientist Liz Jensen is also using novel techniques to study radio signals from the MESSENGER and STEREO spacecrafts to probe coronal mass ejections and determine their potential hazard to the Earth’s environment. While MESSENGER’s primary target is Mercury, it has proven to be of unexpected value to solar studies as well, and taxpayers get a little more return on their investment! The year came to a close with a school in Noale, Italy, being dedicated in honor of Planetary Science Institute Senior Scientist Betty Pierazzo, who died in 2011. The school is a public comprehensive school and consists of two parts, an elementary school (scuola primaria) attended by children from age 6-9 and a middle school (scuola media) attended by children from 10-12 years old. Local officials were present along with Betty’s family. We know her story and her accomplishments will be an inspiration to these children in the years to come. — Mark V. Sykes 3 PSI expands research and education strength, experience As it has been for more than 40 years, PSI’s strength and advantage continues to be in its people. Our culture of openness and high level of mutual support distinguishes us as an organization. In 2014 PSI continued to grow, adding 22 new research and administrative staff members.. NEW PSI STAFF MEMBERS FOR 2014: Oded Aharonson Karen Renee Stockstill Roger N. Clark Kathryn Gardner-Vandy David H. Grinspoon Emma Marie Herrick Senior Scientist Cahill Senior Scientist Senior Research Associate Senior Scientist Student Research Assistant Associate Research Scientist Henry Hsieh Andrea J.P. Jones Nina Lanza Alexandra Pontefract Tamara M. Rogers Juan Sanchez Research Scientist Education Specialist Associate Research Scientist Associate Research Scientist Research Scientist Associate Research Scientist Haley Morgan Sapers Amy Shaw Matthew Adam Siegler Lindsay Spencer Driss Takir Bryan J. Travis Associate Research Scientist Associate Research Scientist Associate Research Scientist Student Research Assistant Associate Research Scientist Senior Scientist Anthony J. Villari Linda Welzenbach Shawn P. Wright Xiao-Duan Zou Project Controller Senior Research Associate Research Scientist Postdoctoral Research Scientist 4 PSI cited as a great place to work, ranked 20th nationwide The Planetary Science Institute was honored with the 2014 When Work Works Award for its use of effective strategies to increase employee success and grow the business. PSI was the only Tucson business to win the award, and was ranked 20th among American corporations. There were 13 Arizona winners and 284 nationwide. “This recognizes PSI’s culture of openness and high level of mutual support that helps our scientists succeed while allowing the Institute to continue to grow both employee numbers and revenue,” said Director Mark Sykes. “PSI’s work- place flexibility allows us to support the efforts of our scientists based across the Linda Rueger, Elaine Owens and Mark Sykes display the awards that PSI received. United States.” The award, formerly known as the Human Resource Management, and learning; a culture of trust; work-life Alfred P.
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