Jet APRIL Propulsion 2013 Laboratory VOLUME 43 NUMBER 4 Curiosity assesses conditions Chemical analysis of rock shows key ingredients for development favorable for life of microbes on Mars By Mark Whalen This mosaic of images from Curiosity’s mast camera shows Mount Sharp, which rises more than 3 miles (5 kilometers) above the crater floor. It is the mission’s primary target after exploring Yellowknife Bay. Through its analysis of powder from a drilled rock, Deputy Project Scientist Joy Crisp said the near-term mentary rocks, abundant clay minerals and different JPL’s Curiosity rover has officially fulfilled its objec- emphasis will be on completing the analyses of the signatures of water alteration. “The gray interior of tive to assess whether past environmental conditions drilling of the rocks in the “John Klein” area—named in the rock we drilled into was a welcome surprise—if at Gale Crater were favorable for the development of honor of the former Mars Science Lab deputy project future rock drilling reveals similarly low oxidation microbial life on Mars. manager—and a more complete characterization of the levels, that should improve the likelihood of preserving Data returned by Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at concretions and veins in the rock. And there’s no hurry. organic compounds if any were there when the rocks Mars and Chemistry and Mineralogy instruments “We have no specific period of time scheduled for how were formed.” showed that the Yellowknife Bay area was the end long we will remain at Yellowknife Bay,” she said. “It Curiosity’s been making other surprising discoveries of an ancient river system or an intermittently wet depends on what we discover.” in addition to the primary goal of habitable environ- lakebed that could have provided chemical energy and The initial drilling has given the science and engineer- ments, noted Vasavada. “I was pretty surprised by the other favorable conditions for microbes. The science ing teams a lot of confidence, said Deputy Project Sci- very low levels of atmospheric methane, essentially team identified sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, entist Ashwin Vasavada. “Curiosity was built to survey, consistent with zero,” he said. “The capability to phosphorus and carbon—some of the key chemical inspect, sample and analyze, all while monitoring the measure methane was a relatively late addition to the ingredients for life—in the powder Curiosity drilled present environment. It’s wonderful that we’ve now exer- mission based on the exciting hints of it from Mars out of a sedimentary rock. cised all these capabilities. But the scientific mission is Express and ground-based observations. We’ll contin- Also, in mid-March the science team revealed that just beginning.” ue to monitor the atmospheric composition for diurnal Curiosity found evidence of water-bearing minerals in One reason for the extended stay is an upcoming and seasonal changes, including methane.” rocks near where it had also found clay minerals in- solar conjunction, in which Mars will be passing almost Investigating the stack of layers exposed on Mount side a drilled rock. With the rover’s mast camera, “we directly behind the sun from Earth’s perspective. This Sharp, where clay minerals and sulfate minerals have see elevated hydration signals in the narrow veins that alignment occurs about once every 26 months and can been identified from orbit, may add information about cut many of the rocks in this area,” said Melissa Rice disrupt radio transmissions between the two planets. the duration and diversity of habitable conditions. of Caltech, a science team collaborator. “These bright Therefore, to prevent an impaired command from reach- “The thought was that by having a thick and diverse veins contain hydrated minerals that are different from ing the rover, mission controllers will suspend sending sequence of rocks to explore, we’d give ourselves the the clay minerals in the surrounding rock matrix.” any commands to Curiosity from April 4 to May 1. The best shot at finding evidence of ancient habitable Curiosity resumed science investigations after rover will continue to monitor weather and high-energy environments and conditions conducive to preserving recovery from a computer glitch that prompted engi- radiation during that time. evidence for us to study today,” added Vasavada. “As neers to switch the rover to a redundant main com- Curiosity can continue making science observations it turns out, that exploration is well underway even puter on Feb. 28. The rover had been monitoring the from Yellowknife Bay, however. The region has proved to on the crater floor. Continuing on to locations where weather since March 21 and delivered a new portion be a goldmine of fascinating finds. additional environments can be assessed remains key of powdered-rock sample for laboratory analysis two “We have characterized a very ancient, but strangely to accomplishing our mission.” days later. new ‘gray Mars’ where conditions once were favorable Crisp said she’s most looking forward to “seeing the There is so much more ahead for the science team, for life,” said Project Scientist John Grotzinger. “Curios- beautiful Mount Sharp scenery and finding out which which is anxious to continue on to Curiosity’s landing- ity is on a mission of discovery and exploration, and as textures, minerals and chemistry are revealed in the site target, Mount Sharp. But not so fast. For Curios- a team we feel there are many more exciting discoveries Mount Sharp rock layers—and seeing the beautiful ity, seven months into its two-year prime mission, ahead of us in the months and years to come.” Mount Sharp scenery up close!” there’s still a lot to see at Yellowknife Bay. Crisp said the geology in Yellowknife Bay was even For more information on the mission, visit http:// more intriguing than expected, with water-lain sedi- www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl. Sequestration affects conference travel, outreach By Mark Whalen New guidelines for conference travel are in effect at JPL In another impact of NASA cost-saving efforts as a result following a March announcement by NASA implementing Effective March 25, all JPL travel must be deter- of federal budget sequestration, the agency in late March cost-saving measures in response to federal spending cuts announced plans to suspend and review all education and mined to be essential rather than discretionary, resulting from the Budget Control Act of 2011, also known public outreach activities. The stated goal is to assess the as sequestration. and to contribute to NASA’s core mission. In addi- activities’ effectiveness, with the highest priority on preserv- Effective March 25, all JPL travel must be determined to tion, travel will only be permitted when alternative ing mission-critical activities. be essential rather than discretionary, and to contribute to collaboration methods such as videoconferencing “The initial communiqué was very broad in scope but NASA’s core mission. In addition, travel will only be permit- since then messages from different directorates have been aren’t available. ted when alternative collaboration methods such as video- refining their intentions,” said Blaine Baggett, director for conferencing aren’t available. JPL’s Communications & Education Directorate. Domestic travel will be approved under existing proce- requests and work with NASA to permit justifiable atten- dures after these criteria have been met. Stricter tests will dance beyond the specified ceiling. be applied to travel beyond the continental United States All JPLers who wish to go to conferences will now use In another impact of NASA cost-saving efforts (including travel to Hawaii and Alaska), travel to launches, the domestic heavily attended conference travel forecast- as a result of federal budget sequestration, and travel to speaking engagements not hosted at a NASA ing web tool (http://dhac.jpl.nasa.gov). Foreign conference the agency in late March announced plans to center. These must also be approved by JPL Deputy Director attendance is prohibited according to NASA Administrator Eugene Tattini. Charles Bolden’s March 13 memo. NASA has a waiver pro- suspend and review all education and public According to Randy Friedl, deputy director for research cess for foreign conferences, but such waivers will be very outreach activities. for JPL’s Engineering & Science Directorate, the Lab will rare, said Friedl. be carefully screening travel requests to meet NASA’s cost- But JPL travelers are encouraged to forecast foreign saving objectives while preserving travel that is important conference travel in case a waiver request appears in Critical areas in education, media relations and public to JPL objectives. “I believe technical conferences provide NASA’s best interest. The foreign conference forecast tool outreach will be permitted to proceed normally, Baggett important opportunities for our staff to interact with their will continue to be available on the current quarterly said. professional peers and share their key results,” said Friedl. schedule (http://foreigntravel). “There’s nothing wrong with doing a fresh evaluation The new NASA policy says no more than 50 people from When there is uncertainty about the appropriate classifi- of the agency’s communications programs,” said Baggett. across NASA agencywide will be permitted to attend a do- cation of a foreign meeting (conference vs. nonconference/ He added that the value of JPL’s educational and commu- mestic conference. Friedl expects this will still allow strong programmatic), Friedl said travelers may submit a non-con- nications programs is clear enough that he expects most JPL participation in most conferences ference travel request following the process described in the activities to continue. Some conferences attract a large number of NASA and March 18 memo from JPL Deputy Director Gene Tattini. For more information, call the Communications & Edu- JPL attendees, such as the annual American Geophysical For sequestration travel guidelines and more information, cation Directorate, ext.