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Sendtnera = Vorm ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sendtnera = vorm. Mitt. Bot. Sammlung München Jahr/Year: 1993 Band/Volume: 1 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gazer M. Artikel/Article: Revision of Astragalus L. sect. Sesamei DC. (Leguminosae) 69-155 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 69 Revision of Astragalus L. sect. Sesamei DC. (Leguminosae) by M. Gazer Abstract Gazer, M.: Revision of Astragalus L. sect. Sesamei DC. (Leguminosae) — Sendtnera 1: 69 - 155. 1993. ISSN 0944-0178. The present study deals with a systematic revision of Astragalus L. sect. Sesamei DC. This group of annual species is widely distributed in the dry regions around the Mediterranean Sea from Portugal to Turkey and from the Canary Islands through North Africa to Saudi Arabia, up to Pakistan and Middle Asia. The section contains 22 species and one subspecies, of which A. pseu- dosinaicus and A. coronilla subsp. semnanica are described as new. These studies are based mainly on herbarium specimens from a large number of herbaria in all the world and in addition on the extensive herbarium of Prof. Podlech, Munich. In all nearly 2500 specimens were studied. Complete synonymy, descriptions, geographical distribution and an enumaration of all studied material is given for each species. Identification keys for flowering and for fiuiting specimens are provided. Nearly all species within this group are closely related and were therefore much confrised in earlier times.The complicate structure of the North Afiican species, described mostly by POMEL in the last century, could be elucidated by thorough investigation of all the type specimens. One of the reasons for the intricate taxonomic structure is surely the autogamy of all these annual plants. Comparative morphology, ecology and distribution are the main characters for defining species. Several nomenclatural changes had to be done based on the study of the type specimens. 1. Introduction 1.1. Scope of the work In several new floras, mainly of countries in Asia the genus Astragalus was treated including the annual species. In North Africa, where a great number of annual Astragali are concentrated, the genus was never investigated carefully in the past. A lot of new names and combinations without scientific value have been created up to this time. In course of the work on Astragalus done by PODLECH, Munich and his group, the annual species of the genus have also been investigated recently. In this group the section Sesamei DC. is one of the largest sections which is widespread from Western Europe and the Canary Islands to Middle Asia and Pakistan. Within the framework of a revision of all annual Astragalus species I had to clarify this special section as the practical part of my thesis. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 70 1.2. Material and Methods This study is mainly based on herbarium material of which ca. 2000 sheets have been examined. The material was borrowed from the following herbaria (acronyms according to HOLMGREN & al. [1990]): B, BC, BM, CAI, E. G., G-BOIS, HUJ, JACA, K, LE, M, MA, MPU, P, PR, RIY, TARI, W, WU. In addition also the private herbaria of S.-W. Breckle, Bielefeld (Hb. Breckle), H. Further, München (Hb. Further) and D. Podlech, München (Hb. PODL.) as well as the Herbarium of the Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt could be studied. I wish to express my best thanks to the authorities of the herbaria mentioned as well as to Prof Breckle, Mr. Further and Prof Podlech for loaning their valuable material to me for examination. In addition many of the treated species were also studied in the field mainly in respect of flower color and the kind of growth. Some excursions in Egypt, mainly in the Siani Peninsula gave me a good idea about the conditions under which annual Astragali can grow. Personal communication by Prof PODLECH of many data in this respect and also of soil and ecological conditions was a great help for me. Since the work of Podlech (1988) on Astragalus sect. Caprini it is evident that the kind of indumentum is a very valuable taxonomic character within the genus Astragalus. Therefore the kind and the length of hairs have been studied in all parts of the plants v^th the aid of a good dissecting microscope. The length and shape of flower parts are also of some importance for delimitation of Astragalus species. Therefore flower dissections have been made in most cases. The boiled flowers have been dissected and the parts have been fixed between two pieces of "Astralon- Folie", an elastic and transparent foil, glued together at the margins by an organic adhesive. These flower preparations which show all essential characters of the flower parts were in all cases permanently added to the herbarium sheets to which they belong. 1.3. Acknowledgements I wish to express my great thanks and gratitude to Prof Dr. D. PODLECH for suggesting the scope of this work and for supervising its progress. I am highly indebted to Prof PODLECH for his continuos encouragement and for providing all the necessary facilities during my research. To Prof Dr. J. Grau, head of the Institute of Systematic Botany I wish to express my deepest thanks for allowing me to work in this place. The author acknowledges with gratitude the financial support of authorities in the Ministry of High Education for providing the study grant abroad. I wish to express my thanks and greatful appreciation to Prof Dr. M.N. El Hadidi, the Herbarium, Cairo University, Prof Dr. M.H. Mansour, the head of Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, and assistent Prof Dr. E. Gamal Eldin, Suez Canal University. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. H. FURTHER for his always kind help and to Mrs. S. RiEGER for her help in using the library. Finally I wish to express my deep thanks to all the staff of the Institute of Systematic Botany Munich, as well as to all staff of the Botany Department, Suez Canal University. 5 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at 71 2. General Part 2.1. Historical Review The genus Astragalus was known in the Linnean time by several species of which two belong to the section Sesamei, which is treated in this work. TOURNEFORT has described an annual one in 1700 as "Stella leguminosa" which was validated by GOUAN as Astragalus Stella in 1773. Another annual species was described by LiNNE in 1753 as Astragalus sesameus which was later selected as the lectotype of the Section Sesamei DC. In 1800 Pallas presented the first monograph of the genus Astragalus comprising 116 species including the two annual species mentioned above. Nearly at the same time A. P. Decandolle ( 1 802) also published a monograph of the genus Astragalus and related genera but he did not add any more species to the group treated later as Section Sesamei by A. P. Decandolle (1825). In 1813 Delile described A. tribuloides äs a species indigenous in Egypt. Between 1842 and 1859 several new species, mostly fi'om the Orient were added by BOISSIER, e.g. A. persepolitanus, A. sinaicus, A. sesamoides, A. minutus, A. erpocaulos and A. ammocryptus. The last three species were later put into the synonymy of the variable species A. tribuloides Del. or were reduced to varietal rank under this species. In Middle Asian Russia Karelin & Kirilov found A. ammophilus and A. filicaulis as new whereas Ledebour described A. asterias. A new step in our knowledge of the genus Astragalus was the famous work of BUNGE (1868/1869) entitled "Generis Astragali Species Gerontogeae" in which he treated no less than 971 species of Old World Astragalus species. He divided the genus in 8 subgenera and 105 sections. Nearly all annual species were put into the subgenus Trimeniaeus which contained 1 sections. Unfortunately he did not recognize the sections which were established earlier by Decandolle (1825), so that several section names had to be changed. All species now treated within section Sesamei DC. were put by BUNGE in his heterogeneous section Oxyglottis. BUNGE added several species to our section, e.g. A. triradiatus, A. pseudostella, A. coronilla, A. biovulatus, A. gryphus. Some of these are not good species and had to be put into synonymy. In North Africa botanists like POMEL (1874) and Maire (in the first half of this century) described a lot of species and infi-aspecific taxa within our group. Most of them are synonyms of other species. In 1944 SiRJAEV published a "Conspectus praecursorius specierum subgen. Trimeniaeus Bunge generis Astragali L". This was indeed a preliminary survey because most of the sectional division and also the delimitation of several species had to be changed. GONTSCHAROV et al. in the treatment of the genus Astragalus in the monumental Flora U.S.S.R (vol. 12, 1946) has maintained the subgenus Trimeniaeus Bunge and gave a perfect survey about the 10 Russian species of the section, which he named erroneously sect. Oxyglottis. ElG has made monographic studies within the genus Astragalus which have been published afl;er his death as "Systematic studies on the Astragali of the Near East" (1955). As some of his decisions were not worked out well up to his death, this treatment is not very helpful and his new species^, rene-mairei and A. faktorovskyi are now in the synonymy of other species. In our times several new floras mainly in the oriental countries were edited in which the genus Astragalus and species of the sect. Sesamei were treated, like "Flora of Iraq", "Flora of Turkey", "Flora of Palestine", "Flora of Libya" and some Floras of Middle Asia.
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