4.3 Historique Du Developpement De L'irrigation Dans Le Souss Massa
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Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2010;52(4):851–880. 0010-4175/10 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2010 doi:10.1017/S0010417510000484 Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956 KATHERINE E. HOFFMAN Northwestern University As the French conquered Muslim lands in their nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century quest for empire, they encountered multiple and some- times mixed judicial systems among the native populations. In many places, legal codes were shaped by either fiqh, meaning Islamic law, one component of which is customary law, or by non-Islamic custom, or some combination of the two.1 To administer native justice in French colonies and protectorates, Acknowledgments: Generous funding for this research was provided by a Charles Ryskamp Fel- lowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, a National Endowment for the Huma- nities Faculty Fellowship, a long-term fellowship from the American Institute for Maghrib Studies, a Northwestern University Faculty Research Grant, and an Institute for the Humanities Fel- lowship from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Mohamed Ouakrim, president of the Court of Taroudant Providence, and Ali Achfur, senior secretary at the Judicial Center, Igherm, generously allowed me to work with the original court dockets in Igherm and Taroudant. I wish to thank also Mina Alahyane and Hmad Laamrani for supplemental documentation, commentary, and helpful connections; Hafsa Oubou, Jenny Hall, and Devon Liddell for documentation; and Mohamed Mounib for provocative commentary on French Protectorate Berber policy. I am grateful to the fellows at the Camargo Foundation in Spring 2007, to archivist Anne-Sophie Cras at the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères archives in Nantes (CADN), and to Greta Austin, Joshua Cole, Clark Lom- bardi, and anonymous CSSH reviewers for comments and perspective. -
Listes Des Revendeurs Des Pesticides a Usage Agricole
LISTES DES REVENDEURS DES PESTICIDES A USAGE AGRICOLE ARRETEE LE 1er MARS 2020 BENI MELLAL -KHENIFRA Région Commune / Ville / Localité Nom Adresse Province BENI MELLAL - BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL AGRIMATCO RUE 20 AOUT OULED MBAREK N°61 BENI MELLAL KHENIFRA BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL ESPACE HORTICOLE TADLA DOUAR RQUABA OULED YAICH BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL PHYTO BOUTRABA RUE 20 AOUT OULED MBAREK BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL AGROPHARMA 33 AVENUE DES FAR BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL COMPTOIR AGRICOLE DU 51 AVENUE DES FAR BENI MELLAL SOUSS BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL FILAHATI ELAMRIYA 2, HAY EL FATH N°1 BÉNI MELLAL BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL COMMERCIALE SIHAM ROUTE DE MARRAKECH KM3 BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL PROMAGRI TERRAIN 02 N°10 ZONE INDUSTRIELLE BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL PROMAGRI LOTISSEMENT 10 QUARTIER INDUSTRIELLE BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL ALPHACHIMIE RUE HASSSAN 2, OULED HEMDANE, DAR JDIDADA, BENI MELLAL BENI MELLAL AGHBALA AGRI-PHYTO AGHBALA QUARTIER ADMINSTRATIF AGHBALA BENI MELLAL KASBAT DU COMPTOIR AGRICOLE DU RUE FATIMA EL FIHRIA N 14 TADLA QUARTIER TADLA TADLA ADMINISTRATIF FQUIH BEN SOUK SEBT PHYTO ASSIMI 75 - 77 HAY NAJAT SOUK SEBT SALEH FQUIH BEN FQUIH BEN RIAGRI SERVICE 128 AV DES FAR FQUIH BEN SALAH SALEH SALEH FQUIH BEN DOUAR JDID ORA SEMENCES DOUAR JDID COMMUNE KRIFAT SALEH AZILAL TABANT AIT OUARAB MOHAMED TABANT CENTRE, AIT BOUGMEZ AZILAL CASABLANCA-SETTAT Région Commune / Ville / Localité Nom Adresse Province CASABLANCA- BENSLIMANE BENSLIMANE ZIAIDA IRRIGATION 93, BOULEVARD BENI MEKSSAL SETTAT BERRECHID BERRECHID HYDROMECHAL N°55-57 RUE AL MASJID LOT AL YOUSSR - BERRECHID. BERRECHID NEW TECH AGRICOLE N °40 RUE ZOUHIR IBN ABISALMA - AL YOUSSER 2 - BERRECHID BOUZNIKA/ BOUZNIKA FELLAH ERRACHIDIA 43, RUE KHENIFRA, BOUZNIZA BENSLIMANE CASABLANCA CASABLANCA PHYTO SOUSS 131, BD ABDELLAH BEN YASSINE CASABLANCA AIN BORJA MAROSEM RUE SOLDAT RAPHAËL MARISCAL. -
The Question of 'Race' in the Pre-Colonial Southern Sahara
The Question of ‘Race’ in the Pre-colonial Southern Sahara BRUCE S. HALL One of the principle issues that divide people in the southern margins of the Sahara Desert is the issue of ‘race.’ Each of the countries that share this region, from Mauritania to Sudan, has experienced civil violence with racial overtones since achieving independence from colonial rule in the 1950s and 1960s. Today’s crisis in Western Sudan is only the latest example. However, very little academic attention has been paid to the issue of ‘race’ in the region, in large part because southern Saharan racial discourses do not correspond directly to the idea of ‘race’ in the West. For the outsider, local racial distinctions are often difficult to discern because somatic difference is not the only, and certainly not the most important, basis for racial identities. In this article, I focus on the development of pre-colonial ideas about ‘race’ in the Hodh, Azawad, and Niger Bend, which today are in Northern Mali and Western Mauritania. The article examines the evolving relationship between North and West Africans along this Sahelian borderland using the writings of Arab travellers, local chroniclers, as well as several specific documents that address the issue of the legitimacy of enslavement of different West African groups. Using primarily the Arabic writings of the Kunta, a politically ascendant Arab group in the area, the paper explores the extent to which discourses of ‘race’ served growing nomadic power. My argument is that during the nineteenth century, honorable lineages and genealogies came to play an increasingly important role as ideological buttresses to struggles for power amongst nomadic groups and in legitimising domination over sedentary communities. -
Morocco - a Taste of Africa… Morocco Is an Old Favourite of Ours and One We Can Never Get Enough Of
Morocco - a taste of Africa… Morocco is an old favourite of ours and one we can never get enough of. A world away yet only 14km across the Strait of Gibraltar! Guided tour highlghts include: ➢ Middle & High Atlas Mountains ➢ Sand dunes of the Sahara ➢ Djemaa el Fna in Marrakech ➢ Tizi n’Tichla / Tizi n’Test Mountain Passes ➢ Todra & Dades Gorges ➢ Rif Mounatins & Chefchaouen Phone: +353 (0)53 9422415 Email: [email protected] Web: www.overlanders.ie Start/Finish Location: Malaga, Spain Dates: Please refer to guided tours calendar on website Tour Price: Please refer to guided tours calendar on website • Includes return transport of your motorcycle from our base in Wexford, all B&B accommodation, evening meals on all riding days, tour guide(s), detailed route plan etc. • Not included: Flights to/from Malaga, fuel, food during the day, Green card insurance etc. With more than 14 tours completed Morocco remains one of our most popular tours. It’s a country we have loved since we first visited in 2010. Although the country has changed a lot in recent years it’s still a magical and enchanting place. It’s difficult to describe Morocco in words and what really draws us to it – the smells, the tastes, the sights of the of the desert and the the various cultures. This is Africa! Trip Itinerary: Day No. From To 1st Malaga Rabat 2nd Rabat Bin El-Ouidane 3rd Bin El-Ouidane Marrakech 4th Marrakech Taroudant 5th Taroudant Taroudant 6th Taroudant Gorge du Dades 7th Gorge du Dades Gorge du Dades 8th Gorge du Dades Khamlia 9th Khamlia Errachidia 10th Errachidia Fes 11th Fes Chefchaouen 12th Chefchaouen Malaga Total km: 2,750 approx Phone: +353 (0)53 9422415 Email: [email protected] Web: www.overlanders.ie Malaga to Rabat Departing Malaga we travel the 140km to Algeciras and catch the ferry to Tangier Med. -
The Water Connection: Irrigation and Politics in Southern Morocco
www.water alternatives.org Volume 5 | Issue 2 Houdret, A. 2012. The water connection: Irrigation and politics in southern Morocco. Water Alternatives 5(2): 284-303 The Water Connection: Irrigation, Water Grabbing and Politics in Southern Morocco Annabelle Houdret Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)/German Development Institute, Bonn, Germany; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Water and land grabbing is often an indication of growing control by an elite group over natural resources for agricultural production, marginalising their previous users. It may drive and exacerbate social, economic and political disparities and so increase the potential for conflict. In Southern Morocco’s Souss valley, the overuse of water resources is causing aquifer levels to sink and agricultural land to be abandoned. At the same time, irrigated agriculture is still expanding, often permitting the growing of lucrative citrus fruits. This export- oriented agriculture mostly benefits the economic elite, increasing their political influence. Small farmers, on the other hand, face growing threats to their livelihoods. A public-private partnership (PPP) project reallocating water through a 90 km pipeline from a mountain region to plantations in the valley has been implemented to enhance water supply and save dying citrus plantations. However, it is accentuating disparities between farmers. We trace the dynamics of marginalisation linked to this PPP and use emerging water conflicts as a lens to analyse the appropriation of water resources and the underlying political and economic relationships and strategies. On the basis of the case study, we show that water conflicts are as much struggles over political influence as over the resource itself and, consequently, that the related phenomenon of 'water grabbing' is not only driven by economic interests but also determined by a political agenda of regime stability and economic control. -
Ahwash Ntfrkhin’As a Case Study Sekkal Khadija Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Sais-Fez, Morocco
SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (SSRG-IJHSS) – Volume 7 Issue 1–January 2020 An Ethnographic Approach to Women’s Identity Celebrating in Folklore: ‘Ahwash Ntfrkhin’as a Case Study Sekkal Khadija Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Sais-Fez, Morocco Abstract as an academic discipline articulating its own content The paper is about the discourse used by women in and methodology. Being no longer perceived as ahwash (a folk dance in Sous, Morocco). It aims at something amateurish associated with ‘primitive’ documenting the way ahwash ntfrkhin, (girls’ cultures, folklore has come to stand a ahwash)articulates anempowering and often genuineincarnation of the thoughts, attitudes, values, challenging discourse via performance and lyrics. and beliefs of specific communities (Propp 1984: 38). Though there are many folkloric performances in Many researchers have depicted folklore as Sous, ahwash ntfrkhin stands as the epitome of all the gender-biased (Radner and Lanser 1987, Kowawole dances since it grants women the opportunity to enjoy 1998, Kousaleos 1999,Sadiqi 2003, Ennaji 2008, autonomy and freedom of expression and experience. Sekkal 2012).Women are commonly deprecated in Freedom of expression implies that women can folklore. And when accorded some consideration, it express freely and outwardly a particular feminine only fits their prevalent image as evils, victims, and world view. Yet, freedom of experience refers to the failures or their traditional role as docile mothers and fact that females experience themselves as active submissive housewives. Not with standing, such subjects during this performance. The study unfolds stereotypical conceptualization of women in folklore that women are successful in challenging male and the one-dimensional interpretation of its data dominion in ahwash ntfrkhin showing their solidarity should be revisited as folklore also serves as a scope and unity against any patriarchal domination and for subverting gender-biased discourse. -
Fao/Global Environment Facility Project Document
FAO/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY PROJECT DOCUMENT PROJECT TITLE:Conservation of biodiversity and mitigation of land degradation through adaptive management of agricultural heritage systems. PROJECT SYMBOL: GCP/MOR/045/GFF Recipient Country/ies: Morocco Resource Partner: GEF FAO project ID: 629911 GEF Project ID: 5481 EXECUTING PARTNER(S):National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Ministry of Agriculture and Marine Fisheries (MAPM) Expected EOD (starting date): March 2015 Expected NTE (End date): December 2018 Contribution to FAO’s a. Strategic objective/Organizational Result: Strategic Framework1 SO2: OO1 b. Regional Result/Priority Area: Promote Sustainable Use and Management of Natural Resources2 c. Country Programming Framework Outcome: CPF- Priority area 1; Outcome 1.2: Small Scale Family Farming is improved and diversified in the context of Green Morocco Plan, Pillar II. CPF- Priority area 2; Outcome 2.4: The standard of living of vulnerable populations is improved. GEF Focal Area: Land Degradation; Biodiversity GEF Strategic Objectives: BD-2– Mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes/sectors LD-1– Ecosystem services in production landscapes (agriculture, rangeland) LD-3 – SLM in wider landscapes (integrated management) Environmental Impact Assessment Category (insert √): A B C √ Financing Plan: GEF allocation: USD 771 918 Co-financing: FAO USD 350 000 ADA – Green Morocco Plan (PMV), Pillar II USD 2 000 000 ANDZOA – Improvement of Agricultural Production in Oasis USD 4 000 000 1 For projects operated by country -
LES SOLS DE LA PLAINE DU SOUSS Trt LEUR REPARTITION SCHEMATIQUE AU 1/500000"
LES SOLS DE LA PLAINE DU SOUSS trT LEUR REPARTITION SCHEMATIQUE AU 1/500000" R. WATTEEUW Souuelnr Climat Géographie Géologie et Hydrologîe Facteurs de pédogenèse Classilication des sols (typologie) Conclusions L'étude des solsdu Soussa été réaliséepar M. CurNor en 1955-56 pour le compte du Génie Rural d'Agadir. Le but de son étude était la reconnaissancepédologique et la recherche de la valeur agricole des SOIS. Une autre étudea été réaliséepar la SOGREM ; son but était la mise en valeur des bassesvallées de I'oued Sousset de I'oued Massa.Enfin, deux étudesde détail ont été réaliséespar MM. Na,ssnet RrNoN, de la SOGETIM ; toutes deux avaient pour but de rechercherles possibilités d'aménagementdes principaux cônes de déjection et la récupérationdes Al Awamia, 10, pp. 141-185,janvier 1964. l|. -t ô 2 R cl 14 Èi ^d H.lE€).- 1 Ë$Ë,s - rr-4l:F EtdcÔ I a lt -l o u. l! -l o o z, z o o Ul UI 1 t -t a : - - l! -l a z - t44 R. WATTEEUW eauxde cruesdes piedmonts des Ftraut et Anti-Atlas dansla partie orienta- le de la plaine. Dans le cadrede la cartographiedes sols du Maroc, notre travail a consistéà établirla cartographiede toute la plainedu Souss,à l'échellede 1/50000" ou de 1/100000" pour certaineszones; les cartesétablies serontpubliées à l'échellede 1/200 000". Les feuilles IGN couvertes* sont : - au l/50 000": Agadir, Aït Mimoun, Forêt d'Ademine,Biougra, Oulad Teima, Souk el Arba des Aït Baha, Tamaloukt,Taroudant, Igli, Tiout ; -lizi - au I/1OO00tr: Argana 5-6, 7-8, n'Test 5-6, Taroudant7-8, Agadir 8, Tiznit 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, Tafraout1-2. -
Cahier Des Charges Argane
Sommaire PREAMBULE 1 LE GROUPEMENT DEMANDEUR ..................................................................... 4 1.1 Objectifs et stratégie pour les produits de terroir: ................................................................................ 4 1.2 Présentation de la filière .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Procédé très spécifique de production de la matière première (les amandons) ..................................... 5 1.2.2 Pression des amandons .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Acteurs de la filière................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.4 Organisation de la filière : ..................................................................................................................... 6 Secteur coopératif : ................................................................................................................................ 6 Secteur des entreprises : ........................................................................................................................ 8 Production actuelle et l’export ............................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Groupement demandeur ........................................................................................................................ -
Pauvrete, Developpement Humain
ROYAUME DU MAROC HAUT COMMISSARIAT AU PLAN PAUVRETE, DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN ET DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIAL AU MAROC Données cartographiques et statistiques Septembre 2004 Remerciements La présente cartographie de la pauvreté, du développement humain et du développement social est le résultat d’un travail d’équipe. Elle a été élaborée par un groupe de spécialistes du Haut Commissariat au Plan (Observatoire des conditions de vie de la population), formé de Mme Ikira D . (Statisticienne) et MM. Douidich M. (Statisticien-économiste), Ezzrari J. (Economiste), Nekrache H. (Statisticien- démographe) et Soudi K. (Statisticien-démographe). Qu’ils en soient vivement remerciés. Mes remerciements vont aussi à MM. Benkasmi M. et Teto A. d’avoir participé aux travaux préparatoires de cette étude, et à Mr Peter Lanjouw, fondateur de la cartographie de la pauvreté, d’avoir été en contact permanent avec l’ensemble de ces spécialistes. SOMMAIRE Ahmed LAHLIMI ALAMI Haut Commissaire au Plan 2 SOMMAIRE Page Partie I : PRESENTATION GENERALE I. Approche de la pauvreté, de la vulnérabilité et de l’inégalité 1.1. Concepts et mesures 1.2. Indicateurs de la pauvreté et de la vulnérabilité au Maroc II. Objectifs et consistance des indices communaux de développement humain et de développement social 2.1. Objectifs 2.2. Consistance et mesure de l’indice communal de développement humain 2.3. Consistance et mesure de l’indice communal de développement social III. Cartographie de la pauvreté, du développement humain et du développement social IV. Niveaux et évolution de la pauvreté, du développement humain et du développement social 4.1. Niveaux et évolution de la pauvreté 4.2. -
Télécharger Le Document
CARTOGRAPHIE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT LOCAL MULTIDIMENSIONNEL NIVEAU ET DÉFICITS www.ondh.ma SOMMAIRE Résumé 6 Présentation 7 1. Approche méthodologique 8 1.1. Portée et lecture de l’IDLM 8 1.2. Fiabilité de l’IDLM 9 2. Développement, niveaux et sources de déficit 10 2.1. Cartographie du développement régional 11 2.2. Cartographie du développement provincial 13 2.3. Développement communal, état de lieux et disparité 16 3. L’IDLM, un outil de ciblage des programmes sociaux 19 3.1 Causes du déficit en développement, l’éducation et le niveau de vie en tête 20 3.2. Profil des communes à développement local faible 24 Conclusion 26 Annexes 27 Annexe 1 : Fiabilité de l’indice de développement local multidimensionnel (IDLM) 29 Annexe 2 : Consistance et méthode de calcul de l’indice de développement local 30 multidimensionnel Annexe 3 : Cartographie des niveaux de développement local 35 Annexes Communal 38 Cartographie du développement communal-2014 41 5 RÉSUMÉ La résorption ciblée des déficits socio-économiques à l’échelle locale (province et commune) requiert, à l’instar de l’intégration et la cohésion des territoires, le recours à une cartographie du développement au sens multidimensionnel du terme, conjuguée à celle des causes structurelles de son éventuel retard. Cette étude livre à cet effet une cartographie communale du développement et de ses sources assimilées à l’éducation, la santé, le niveau de vie, l’activité économique, l’habitat et les services sociaux, à partir de la base de données «Indicateurs du RGPH 2014» (HCP, 2017). Cette cartographie du développement et de ses dimensions montre clairement que : - La pauvreté matérielle voire monétaire est certes associée au développement humain, mais elle ne permet pas, à elle seule, d’identifier les communes sous l’emprise d’autres facettes de pauvreté. -
MPLS VPN Service
MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment