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BIS-CD-1162STEREO lo p ol Total playing time: 59'11

STflVERUD, Harald a8s7-rssz) tr Symphony No.5, tQuasi una fantasia' (Musikk-HuserAs,osto)24'32 op.16(1941)

Oboe Concerto, op. 15 (1939) (NomesiaMrc) 17'37 @ L Allegromoderato 6'13 @ Il.Adagiomolto-Moderato-attacca- 3'49 E IIL Allegro 7'30 Gordon Hunt,

E Entrata regale, Op.al (1960) (Musik*.Hu,etas,osto) 5'30 Allesro marcato

E Sonata Giubilata, Op.a1 Q969) qdjretsensitjwut) 9'59 Allegro moderato

Stavanger Symphony Orchestra (leader:Francesco ugolini) conductedby Ole Kristian Ruud 'tc STAVANCER SYMFONIORKESTER arald Sreverud (1897-1992)came to occupy a unique position in Norwegian musical life in the twentieth century.He was the modemist who createdmusi- cal gems that people took to their hearts and, when he died, he was given a statefuneral which was shownlive on nationaltelevision. Harald Sueverudwas born and lived almost his entire life in , the ancient Hansacity which, for centuries,had been 's window on the world. It was also 's native city and both Grieg and Severud were to gain musical impulses from Germany- Grieg while he was in Leipzig and Saverud while in Berlin. Both of them also nourisheda close interestin folk music. Grieg made direct use of folk music which he reworked and arranged.Sreverud, on the other hand, usedfolklore as a source 'own' of inspirationand producedhis folk music. Unlike his illustrious colleague,Saeve- rud's principal meansof expressionwas the orchestra.Harald Severud's nine sympho- nies make him the leading Norwegian symphonist.His music to 's Peer Gynr showedthe play in a different light from the interpretationthat Grieg had given to it with his romantic score. Harald Severud never ceasedadmiring Haydn and Mozart but his neo-classical style, in which melody was always a basic element,is not like anyone else's' As the 'Whether conductor Sir John Barbirolli put it: you like the music of Severud or not, there is no mistaking who wrote it, and this can be said of few composersof the present day.' Srcverudretained his creative powers up to the age of 92, his final work being scoredfor viola and piano. Harald Seeverudreceived a successionof honours over the years. In 1953 he was awardedthe Norwegian government'slifelong artist's stipend and he was first made a knight and then commanderof the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. He was a mem- ber of the Royal SwedishAcademy of Music and an honorary member of the Finnish Associationof Composers.His close links with the cultural life of Yugoslaviabrought him titles such as Knight of the YugoslavianFlag and CorrespondingMember of the SloveneAcademy of Sciencesand Arts. His home at Siljustpl was the grandbase for his compositionalactivities. Today it is a museumdevoted to Severud's life and work. j BIS-CD-1162 Sæverud 1/8/03 11:29 AM Page 4

Sæverud’s Fifth Symphony is the first of his so-called ‘war symphonies’. His Symphonies Nos. 5-7 were all composed during the German occupation of Norway in the years 1940-45 and Sæverud did not deny that they were directly influenced by the situation in the country. He worked in his own way to protest against the German occu- pation. The Fifth Symphony is subtitled ‘Quasi una fantasia’, a title which invited the war- time audience to draw their own conclusions. After the war the real title was revealed: ‘Symphony of resistance’. It was first performed by the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra on 6th March 1941 with the composer conducting at a concert devoted entirely to works by Harald Sæverud. The symphony made a great impression on the audience at the first performance, something that the presence of a foreign power in the country greatly contributed to. An article in the newspaper Bergens Tidende illustrates something of the importance attached to the work. The reviewer wrote: ‘It has a national appeal unequalled in Norwegian music. It will be of historical consequence to the extent that our young people are able to experience art and feel national values. It will inspire faith, perseverance, gentle deeds and bold actions.’ The Fifth Symphony is in one movement though its structure is such that four charac- teristic parts can be discerned, even though the principal form is that of sonata form. In a sense, the classical four-movement symphonic structure has been reduced to a single movement. In the introductory section Sæverud has inserted a contrasting Andante section and the development consists of some 26 variations, each of them lasting for four bars, which take their point of departure in the main theme of the symphony, presented right at the start of the work. The symphony is characterized by powerful emotional commitment, which was naturally attributed to the situation in Norway during the occupation. There is a rather special dedication to the work. It was dedicated to the Slovenian painter Bozidar Jakac, a close friend of Harald Sæverud since his studies in Berlin. When Sæverud heard that Jakac’s native country had also been occupied by the Ger- mans he resolutely wrote the dedication on the title page. 4 Severud's Oboe Concerto was composedat the end of the 1930sfor the Swedish oboist Rolf Lannerholmwho was, at the time, principal oboist of the opera orchestra in Stockholm.The conditionsfor the first performanceof the concertowere ideal: it was 'music programmed for the third fair' which was to take part in Gothenburg, a festival backedby the Gothenburgsymphony orchestra and its conductorTor Mann. The con- certo was first performedon l6th February 1939by thesemusicians' The form of the concertohad beena challengeto Harald Saverud. From the point of view of contenthe had not wished to write a traditional concertoeven though he made use of the usual three-movementconcerto pattem. In order to explain how he had gone 'It to work he provided the following comment on the concerto: was the composer's intention not to fill a given form with tunes and suitablefigures for the oboe,but to let the oboe itself determinethe form by letting its characteristicvoice chooseits themes and by then letting thesethemes grow freely through their own strengthand their own possibilitiesof development. ,In the view of the composer,the form should not be a condition of the contentsbut - the result of the themes' own possibilitiesof development- their native growth and ability to sprout.The composerhas plantedhis themesin the oboe's summerygarden... and the oboist finally undertakesthe harvest,- hope it's not a bad year.' The work received a rather mixed reception though the authoritative critic Julius 'This Rabe,writing in the Gothenburgpaper Morgontidningen, was positive: composer is undoubtedlyspecial and his new work is not easily classified.It seemedas though,on this occasion,his imaginationhad beenfired by the oboe'schalumeau tones and its pas- torally sparemelodies. Using this style he has also achievedsomething really delightful; true, it is often enigmatic and capricious, but also with a haunting tendemessin the melodiclines.' 'To The oboe concerto is dedicated my Marie' and Sreverudcommented in this 'This 'my connection: is thanksfor the inspirationto what I myself call loveliestmelody', which was given to me by my first meetingwith my wife to be. We hearit in theAdagio but it is later repeatedin the finale - first distantly and mystically on the and BIS-CD-1162 Sæverud 1/8/03 11:29 AM Page 6

then back to the soloist.’ Sæverud later revised the concerto, shortening the two outer movements. Harald Sæverud’s Entrata regale (Royal Entry) was written for the opening of the Bergen Festival in 1960 and it was dedicated to the Norwegian king Olav V. The king always visited Bergen to open the festival formally and another of Sæverud’s fanfares, Kongen kommer, has frequently been played on this occasion. Entrata regale is very much more than just a brief fanfare. The work is, in fact a grandly conceived orchestral composition. Following an introductory theme from the strings in unison, the work’s march-like main theme is performed by the violas, horns and woodwinds, also in unison. The theme is varied and illuminated until it is overtaken by the minor-sounding secondary theme presented by the strings in unison. The sec- ondary theme is subjected to a thorough investigation in the course of the work before, towards the end of the piece, Sæverud returns to the main theme and gives Entrata regale a splendidly vigorous conclusion by accelerating the tempo and increasing the intensity up to the final chord of E major. The work was first performed in Bergen on 27th May 1960 by the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Arvid Fladmoe. The year 1970 was Bergen’s 900th anniversary. Harald Sæverud was inspired by the occasion to write several works, among them the Sonata Giubilata which was commis- sioned by the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. The work was first performed by the commissioning orchestra at the opening concert of the orchestra’s 206th season on 3rd September 1970. According to the composer the work was inspired by joy and an urge to compose: ‘That joy can give impulses is understandable enough, one might think, but in what way does the title cover the urge to compose? Well, since sonata form is the loftiest and most demanding of musical forms, it represents a splendid challenge.’ The starting point was, however, first and foremost the city of Bergen’s jubilee and the musical inspiration was further reinforced by the fact that it was the musical institu- tion that was closest to his heart, the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, that commis- sioned the work. In conjunction with the first performance of the work Harald Sæverud commented on its content: ‘The form is that of the sonata but with an introduction in 6 which calmer passagesallow for solemnity and reflectionbefore joy comesinto its own in abiskAllegro.' @Lorentz Reitan 2003

Gordon Hunt was bom in London and studiedunder TerenceMacDonagh. He appears throughoutthe world as a soloist and conductor,and also regularly takes masterclasses and plays with many renownedensembles. In addition, he has a distinguishedorchestral career,currently being principal oboe in the Philharmoniaand London ChamberOrch- estras.Previously he has held the sameposition in the London PhilharmonicOrchestra, and has also played as guestprincipal with the Berlin PhilharmonicOrchestra. He appearsregularly as a soloist with internationalorchestras, and has performedconcertos and recitals on six continents.Gordon Hunt's recordingsinclude a disc of Bliss, Bax and Britten chambermusic (BIS-CD-763), a disc of British music for solo oboe, Soliloquy (BIS-CD-769) and, as soloist and director, a disc of baroqueconcertos, Elevazione(BIS-NL-CD-5017). As a conductor,he has an increasinglybusy schedule. He was music director of the Swedish ChamberWinds from 1991 until 1997 andhe continuesto work with wind ensemblesand leading orchestrasall over the world. He becameartistic director of the Danish ChamberPlayers in June 2001. Gordon Hunt is an Honorary Associateof the Royal Academy of Music and a member of the jury for the InternationalOboe Competition of Tokyo, held triennially.

The Stavanger Symphony Orchestra has acquiredan eminent position in Norwegian music, especiallybecause of its many years of collaborationwith the conductorsFrans Briiggen and Alexander Dmitriev (1990-1998).On an internationallevel the orchestra has becomerenowned for the quality of its playing and for its interestingprofi1e, occupying as it does a leading place among modern symphonyorchestras when it comes to the developmentof historic performancepractice for baroque and classical works. In 2001 Philippe Herreweghetook over as artistic director for older repertoire, whilst SusannaMiilkki has been artistic director for romantic and modern music since 2002. Ole Kristian Ruud has been closely involved with the orchestra'sprofile regard- ing Norwegian music; he has conductedall of the recordingsin the orchestra'sTveitt seriesand most of the discs in the Harald Srcverudseries (both projects on BIS). The orchestrais involved with various school concert programmesand has a reputationfor unconventionalcollaborations in jazz and rock music. The StavangerSymphony Orch- estra has undertakentours in Denmark, Sweden,the Netherlands,Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, and has appeared at the the Edinburgh and Schleswig-HolsteinFestivals.

Ole Kristian Ruud has gaineda reputationas a dynamic figure in Scandinavianmusic as well as embarking on an international career. He regularly conducts eminent sympho- ny orchestrasand chamber orchestrasin the Nordic countries, Europe and the USA. Since 1990he has also beena frequentvisitor to Japan. Ole Kristian Ruud was chief conductor and artistic director of the Trondheim Sym- phony Orchestrafrom 1987 until 1995, and of the Nonkdping SymphonyOrchestra in Swedenfrom 1996 until 1999. Since 2000 he has held the position of artistic director for Norwegian repertoire with the Stavanger Symphony Orchestra. He has also held a professorshipat the Norwegian StateAcademy in Music since 1999.Ole Kristian Ruud has been awardeda number of prestigiousprizes including the Grieg Prize (1992), the Norwegian Critics Prize (1993), the Lindemann Prize (1994) and the Pnze Q996). He has made numerousCDs for BIS, including ongoing and acclaimed seriesof music by Geirr Tveitt and Harald Severud. posisjoni norsk f f arald Severud \1897-1992) skulle fi en helt enest6ende fl musikkliv i det 20. irhundre. Han var modernisten som skapte musikalske I lperler som folket rrykket til sitt bryst, og da han gikk bort fikk han statlig be- gtavelsesom var en presidentverdig, direkte overf6rt i Norgesnasjonale TV-kanal. Harald Srcverudvar fgdt og levde si godt som hele sitt liv i Bergen, den gamle hansabyensom giennom flrhundrerhadde vert Norgesvindu mot verden.Den var ogsi Edvard Griegs by, og b6de Grieg og Saverud skulle fi musikalske impulser fra Tyskland. Grieg i Leipzig, Saverud i Berlin. Beggehadde ogsi et nert forhold ti1 folkemusikken. Hos Edvard Grieg ga dette segutslag i en direkte bruk av den giennombearbeidelser og arrangementer.Severud derimot hadde det folkloristiske som en inspirasjonskildeog laget sine "egne" folketoner,og i motsetningtil sin bergmtekollega var orkesterethans fremsteuttrykksmiddel. Harald Saverudsni symfonierplasserer ham i fgrerseteti norsk musikkliv innenfor denne genren. Hans musikk til Henrik Ibsens ga nye aspekter til dette nasjonale dramaet enn den fortolkning som Grieg hadde gitt det gjennomsin romantiskemusikk. Harald Saeverudsluttet aldri i beundreHaydn og Mozart, men hansneoklassiske stil som alltid hadde det melodiske som et barende element,ligner ikke p6 noen annens. Som dirigenten Sir John Barbirolli uttrykte det: "Whether you like the music of Sreverudor not, there is no mistaking who wrote it, and this can be said of few com- posersof the presentday." Han beholdt sine skapendekrefter til han var 92 ir gammel' og hanssiste stykke var en sonatinefor bratsj og klaver. Harald Severud mottok en rekke eresbevisningergjennom 6Lrene.I 1953 fikk han den norske statskunstnerlonn for livstid, og han ble tildelt ridder og senerekomman- dgrgradenav Den Kongelige Norske St. olavs orden. Han var medlem av Kungliga Musikaliske Akademin i Stockholm og eresmedlemav den finske kornponistforening. Hans nere forbindelsertil Jugoslaviaskulturliv innbrakteham titler som Knight of the YugoslavianFlag and Correspondingmember of the SloveneAcademy of Sciencesand arti. Hans hjem Siljustgl var den storslitte rarnmenom hanskompositoriske virke. Det er i dag et museumviet Harald Severudsliv og kunst. s Symfoni nn5 er den fgrste av Harald Severuds s6kalte "krigssymfonter". Symfo- niene 5 -7 ble alle komponertunder den tyske okkupasjonenav Norge i hrene1940-45, og Saverud la ikke skjul pa at de var direkte influert av den aktuelle situasjon.Han s6 pi sitt arbeidepi dennetiden som en protestmot det tyske fremmedstyre. Symfoninr 5 har undertittelen"Quasi una fantasia",og dennetittelen var en invitt til 'til publikum under krigsflrene 6 tenke sitt". Etter krigen kom densegentlige betegnelse frem: Motstandsviljenssymfoni. Symfonien ble uroppf6rt med Bergen Filharmoniske Orkesterden 6. mars 1941med komponistenselv pi dirigentpulten,og hele programmet var viet uroppf6relserav Harald Saeverud. Symfonienglorde et stort inntrykk pi publikum ved fprsteoppforelsen,noe situasjonen med en fremmed makt i landet sterkt bidro til. En artikkel i BergensTidende viser noe ',Det av betydningenverket da hadde,hvor bl.a. fglgende stod 6 lese: har en nasjonal appell uten sidestykkei norsk musikk. Det vil fi historisk rekkevidde si sant vir ung- dom har evne til 6 oppleve kunst og f6le nasjonaleverdier. Det vil inspirere til tro, til utholdenhet,til stille gjerning og til did." Symfoni nr 5 er ensatsig,men i strukturell forstand er den konstruert slik at fire karakteristiskedeler fremstir, selv om hovedformensom helhet er sonateformen.pfl en mite komprimeressiledes den klassiskefirsatsige symfonistrukturen til en sats.I inn- ledningspartietskyter Saeverudsaledes inn en kontrasterendeandante-del, og gjennom- fgringsdelener bygget over 26 variasjoner,hver pi fire takter, som har utgangspunkti symfonienshovedmotiv som presentereshelt i startenav verket. symfonien er pregetav et stort emosjonelt engasjement,som selvfgtgelig skyldes situasjoneni Norge under okkupasjonen. Symfonien har en noe spesiell dedikasjon.Den er tilegnet den slovenskemaleren Bozidar Jakac,en n&r venn av Harald Severud siden studietideni Berlin. Da Sreverud fikk hore at ogsi Jakac' hjemlandvar blitt okkupert av tyskerneskrev han resolutt dedi- kasjonenpe tittelbladet. obokonserten ble komponertpi slutten av 1930-talletden for den svenskeoboisten Rolf Lannerholm som pi denne tiden var solooboisti Kungliga Hovkapellet i Stock- l0 holm. Rammenfor oppfgrelsenav konsertenvar ideell: den var programfestetfor den tredje "musikmassa"som skulle finne sted i Gpteborg,en festival som Gpteborgs orkesterforeningog dirigenten Tor Mann stod bak. Den 16.2. 1939 fant uroppfgrelsen stedmed de nevntemusikere. Formen pi konsertenhadde vart en utfordring for Harald Severud. Rent innholds- messighadde han ikke villet lage en tradisjonell konsert, selv om han benyttet seg av det vanlige tresatsigekonsertmOnster. For i forklare hvordanhan haddegrepet arbeidet an, utformet han folgendekommentarer til konserten: "Komponisten har ikke ment i ville fylle en gitt form med melodier og passende krumspring for obo, men forsgkt 6la oboen selv vrre formbestemmende,ved fi la dens egenartvelge sinetemaer og dernestla dissetemaer vokse fritt fram ved sin egenvekst- kraft og sine utviklingsmuligheter. Form skal efter komponistensmening ikke vere en betingelsefor innholdet, men resultatetav temaenesegne utviklingsmuligheter - deresiboende vekst - og spirekraft. Komponistenhar plantet sine temaeri oboenssommerlige have ... og oboen foretar til slutt innhOstingen,- hiper det ikke blir nogetuir." Verket fikk noe blandet mottagelse,men den autoritative kritikeren Julius Rabe i Morgontidningeni Ggteborgvar positiv: "Denna kompositdr iir onekligennigot f6r sig och hansnya verk iir inte latt att klassilicera.Nog ftirefcill det som om dennaging hans fantasitagit sin utgingspunkti oboensskalmejeklanger och desspastoralt sprtida melodik. I dennastil har han ocksahiir istadkommit nigot alldelesutsdkt, visserligenofta egen- villigt och capricidst,men ocksi med en sdregencimhet i det melodiskalinjespelet." Obokonsenenhar tilegnelsen"Til rnin Marie", og Severud sa i den forbindelsen: "Det er min takk for den inspirasjontil - hva jeg selv kaller - "min skjonnestemelodi", som det forste motet med min tilkommende hustru gav meg. Vi hOrerden i Adagioen, men senereogse gientatt i finalen - forst fjemt og mystisk i klarinett, derpAtilbake til solisten.,'Szeverud reviderte senere konserten og forkortet da de to yttersatsene. Entrata regale (Kongelig inntog) ble skrevettil apningenav Festspillenei Bergen i 1960, og er tilegnet den norske kongen Olav den femte. Kongen kom alltid til Bergen 1l for A foreta den formelle ipningen av de flrlige festspillene, og en annen av Harald Severudskomposisjoner, fanfaren "Kongen komrner", har giennomi.rene vert en av de mestbrukte fanfarertil kongensankomst til festspillenesipningsseremoni. Entrata regale er imidlertid noe langt mer enn en kort fanfare.Harald Severud har laget en stort anlagt symfonisk komposisjonfor symfoniorkester.Etter et innlednings- tema i unisone strykere presenteresverkets nrermestmarsjaktige hovedtemai bratsj, horn og treblisere,unisont detteogsi. Dette temaetvarieres og belysestil det overtasav verkets mollaktige sidetema,presentert av unisone strykere.Sidetemaet fir en grundig bearbeidelseutover i verket, til Saverud mot slutten av komposisjonen bringer inn hovedtemaetigien, og gir Entrata regaleen fulltonendeavslutning giennom accellerering av tempo og intensitet mot avslutningsakkordeni E-dur. Uroppfgrelsen fant sted i Bergen den27. mai 1960med BergenFilharmoniske Orkester dirigert av Arvid Fladmoe. I 1970 kunne byen Bergen feire sitt 900 irs jubileum for sin grunnleggelse.Harald Severud komponerte flere verker inspirert av denne situasjonen, deriblant Sonata Giubilata som var en bestilling fra MusikselskabetHarmonien (BergenFilharmoniske Orkester).Verket ble uroppfgrt av Bergen FilharmoniskeOrkester pi ipningskonserten for orkesterets206. sesongden 3. september1970, og ifglge komponistenvar verket sprungetut av gleden og skapertrangen:"At gleden kan gi impulser er forstielig nok, vil man kanskje si, men hvilken dekning er der i tittelen for skapertrang?Jo. Siden sonateformener den hpyeste og mest krevende innen musikken, er den en herlig ut- fordring og spore." Utgangspunktetvar imidlertid fgrst og fremst det bergenskebyjubileum, og den musikalskeinspirasjonene ble ytterligere forsterket av at det var den musikalskeinsti- tusjonensom stod hans hjerte narmest, MusikselskabetHarmonien, som var oppdrags- giveren. I forbindelsemed uroppfprelsenknyttet Harald Saverud f6lgende kommentar til verkets innhold: "Formen er altsfl sonatens,men med en innledning hvor roligere partier gir plass for hoytid og eftertankefgr gleden for alvor overtar i enivende allegro." @I-orentz Reitan 2003 t2 BIS-CD-1162 Sæverud 8/15/03 9:14 AM Page 13

Oboisten Gordon Hunt er født i London og studerte med Terence MacDonagh. Han har en utstrakt konsertvirksomhet, både som obosolist og som dirigent, deltar ofte i mester- klasser og spiller med flere kjente ensembler. I tillegg til denne virksomheten har han gjort karriere som orkestermusiker, og er for tiden ansatt som førsteoboist i Philharmo- nia Orchestra og i London Chamber Orchestra. Den samme posisjonen hadde han tid- ligere i London Philharmonic Orchestra og som gjest i Berliner Philharmonic. Gordon Hunt er anerkjent som en av verdens ledende oboister, og er regelmessig solist med internasjonale orkestre under dirigenter som Ashkenazy, Andrew Davis, Muti, Simon Rattle og Sir John Pritchard. Han har fremført konserter og recitals i en rekke land, inkludert Bach’s Dobbeltkonsert for fiolin og obo med Pinchas Zukerman og the English Chamber Orchestra på verdensturne. Han er ofte på radio og fjernsyn. Som dirigent har han arbeidet med flere orkestre og ensembler, bl.a. var han musikalsk leder for Swedish Chamber Winds fra 1991-97. I 2001 ble han ansatt som artistisk leder for Danish Chamber Players. Gordon Hunt er æresmedlem av Royal Academy of Music hvor han også er professor, og han er medlem av juryen for den internasjonale obo-konkurransen i Tokyo (avholdes hvert tredje år).

Stavanger Symfoniorkester har skaffet seg en sentral posisjon i norsk musikkliv, særlig etter sitt mangeårige samarbeid med dirigentene Frans Brüggen og Alexander Dmitriev (1990-1998). Også internasjonalt har orkesteret blitt lagt merke til for sin kva- litet og for interessant profilering. Orkesteret har stått i første rekke blant moderne sym- foniorkestre når det gjelder utviklingen av historisk framføringspraksis av barokk og klassisk orkesterlitteratur. Fra 2001 har Philippe Herreweghe overtatt som kunstnerisk leder for det eldste repertoaret, mens Susanna Mälkki fra 2002 er engasjert som kunst- nerisk leder for den romantiske og den nyere musikken. Ole Kristian Ruud har hatt et særlig ansvar for orkesterets profilering med norsk musikk og har ledet alle innspil- lingene i orkesterets Tveitt serie og de fleste av de 8 CD-innspillingene med musikk av Harald Sæverud for BIS. Orkesteret er aktivt engasjert i ulike skolekonsertprogrammer og har markert seg med utradisjonelle samarbeidspartnere innen jazz og rock. Orkes- 13 BIS-CD-1162 Sæverud 8/15/03 9:14 AM Page 14

teret har turnert i Danmark, Sverige, Nederland, Belgia, Tyskland, Storbritannia, Irland, Tsjekkia, Slovakia og Polen, og deltatt på festivaler bl.a. i Edinburgh og Schleswig- Holstein.

Ole Kristian Ruud har markert seg som en av de fremste dirigenter i skandinavisk musikkliv og samtidig gjort en stor internasjonal karriere. Han dirigerer regelmessig symfoniorkestre og kammerorkestre i Europa og USA og har siden 1990 hatt jevnlige gjesteopptredener i Japan. Ruud var sjefdirigent og kunstnerisk leder for Trondheim Symfoniorkester 1987-95 og fikk samme posisjon i Norrköping Symfoniorkester 1996-1999. Fra 2000 har han vært kunstnerisk leder med ansvar for norsk repertoar i Stavanger Symfoniorkester. Fra 1999 har han også vært professor i direksjon på Norges musikkhøgskole. Ole Kristian Ruud har mottatt en rekke prestisjefylte utmerkelser, blant dem (1992), den norske Kritikerprisen (1993), Lindemannprisen (1994) og Johan Halvorsen-prisen (1996). Han har gjort en rekke plateinnspillinger for BIS.

Ole Kristian Ruud 14 arald Severud (189'7-1992)nimmt eine singuliire Stellung im norwegischen Musikleben des 20. Jahrhundertsein. Er war der Modernist, dessenmusika- lische Gemmenden Menschenzu Herzen gingen, und er erhielt ein Staatsbe- griibnis, das einesPriisidenten wiirdig gewesenwiire (und im Fernsehenlive tibertragen wurde). Harald Severud wurde in Bergen geborenund blieb fast sein ganzesLeben lang in dieseralten Hansestadt,die jahrhundertelangNorwegens Fenster zur Welt gewesenwar. Bergenwar auchdie HeimatstadtEdvard Griegs; sowohl Grieg wie Sreverudempfingen in Deutschlandmusikalische Impulse - Grieg in Leipzig, Seeverudin Berlin. Beide hatten ein groBesInteresse an Volksmusik. Grieg bearbeiteteund arrangierteoriginale Volkslieder,Saverud hingegenverwendete sie als Inspirationsquelleund komponierte seine,,eigene" Volksmusik. Anders als seinbertihmter Kollege sah Saverud im Orches- ter sein hauptsachlichesAusdrucksmedium. Mit neun Symphonienist Severud der fiihrende SymphonikerNorwegens. Seine Musik zu Henrik IbsensPeer Gynt beleucht das Schauspielaus einer anderenPerspektive als Griegsromantische Musik ' Zeitlebensverehrte Harald Saverud Haydn und Mozart; sein neoklassizistischerStil indes,in dem die Melodik eine wichtige Rolle spielt,ist einzigartig.Der Dirigent Sir John Barbirolli formulierte es so: ,,Ganzgleich, ob Sie die Musik von Severud mdgen oder nicht, Sie werden ihren Sch6pferimmer erkennen,und das kann man nur von wenigen der zeitgentissischenKomponisten sagen." Severud behielt seineSchaffenskraft bis ins hoheAlter von 92 Jahren;das letzteWerk komponierteer fiir Viola und Klavier. Im Laufe der Jahre wurde Harald Severud vielfach ausgezeichnet.1953 erhielt er ein lebenslangesKtnstlerstipendium der norwegischenRegierung, ferner erhob man ihn erst zum Ritter, dann zum Kommandant des Kdniglich-Norwegischen St. Olav- ordens. Er war Mitglied der K

Gordon Hunt wurde in London geborenund studiertebei TerenceMacDonagh. In der ganzenWelt tritt er als Solist und Dirigent auf; danebenleitet er regelmiiBigMeister- klassenund spielt mit zahlreichenrenommierten Ensembles. Zudem ist er ein erfolg- reicher Orchestermusiker- zrn Zeit ist er Solo-Oboistdes PhilharmoniaOrchestra und des London ChamberOrchestra. Zuvor war er in derselbenPosition beim London Phil- harmonic Orchestratiitig und hat als Gast bei den Berliner Philharmonikerngespielt. Als Solist tritt er regelmiiBig mit internationalenOrchestern auf und hat Konzerte in sechsKontinenten gegeben. Zu Gordon Hunts Einspielungengehtiren eine CD mit Kammermusikvon Bliss, Bax und Britten (BIS-CD-763), eine CD mit britischerMusik fiir Solo-Oboe,Soliloquy (BIS-CD-769), sowie, als Solist und Dirigent, eine CD mit Barockkonzerten,Elevazione (BIS-NL-CD-5017). Zunehmendist er als Dirigent tiitig; von 1991 bis 1997war er MusikalischerLeiter der SwedishChamber Winds; auch weiterhin arbeiteter mit Bliiserensemblesund fiihrendenOrchestern in der ganzenWelt. Im Juni 2001 wurde er zum KijnstlerischenLeiter der Danish ChamberPlayers emannt. Gordon Hunt ist Ehenmitglied der Royal Academy of Music und Jury-Mitglied der InternationalOboe Competition of Tokyo.

Das Stavanger Symphony Orchestra spielt eine herausragendeRolle im norwegi- schenMusikleben, insbesondereaufgrund seinerlangiZihrigen Zusammenarbeit mit den DirigentenFrans Briiggenund AlexanderDmitriev (1990-1998).Im internationalen Vergleichhat sich das Orchesternamentlich durch seinehohe Spielkultur und sein inte- ressantesProfil einen Namen gemacht;unter den modernenSymphonieorchestern t9 nimmt es in Fragen der historischen Auffiihrungspraxis von barocker und klassischer Musik eine fiihrende Stellung ein. 2001 wurde Philippe Herreweghe Kiinstlerischer Leiter fiir liltere Musik; seit 2002 ist Susanna Miilkki Kiinstlerische Leiterin ftir das romantische und moderne Repertoire. Norwegische Musik hat das Orchester vor allem mit Ole Kristian Ruud erarbeitet; Ruud hat siimtliche Aufuahmen der Tveitt-Reihe ge- leitet und die meisten der acht CDs der Reihe mit Werken von Harald Severud (beide beim Label BIS). Das Orchestergibt zahlrbiche Schiilerkonzerteund ist bekannt fiir seine unkonventionellen Projekte im Bereich der Jazz- und Rockmusik. Konzertreisen haben das Stavanger Symphony Orchestra nach Diinemark, Schweden, die Niederlande, Belgien, Deutschland, GroBbritannien, die Slowakei und Polen gefrihrt; auBerdemist es beim Edinburgh Festival und dem Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival aufgetreten.

Ole Kristian Ruud hat sich einen Ruf sowohl als bedeutender skandinavischer, wie auch international erfolgreicher Dirigent erworben. Er leitet namhafte Symphonie- orchester in Europa und den USA und gastiert seit 1990 haufig in Japan. Ole Kristian Ruud war Chefdirigent und ktinstlerischer Iriter des Trondheim Sym- phony Orchestra(1987-1995) und des Norrktiping Symphony Orchestra(1996-1999). Seit 2000 ist er kiinstlerischer Leiter fiir das norwegische Repertoire beim Stavanger Symphony Orchestra und bekleidet seit 1999 eine Professur an der Norwegischen Staatsakademie.Ole Kristian Ruud wurde mit zahlreichen bedeutendenPreisen ausge- zeichnet, darunter der Grieg-Preis (1992), der Norwegische Kritikerpreis (1993), der Lindeman-Preis(1994) sowie der JohanHalvorsen-Preis (1996). Er hat zahlreicheCDs fiir BIS eingespielt. arald Srcverud (1897-1992) occupe une place unique dans la vie musicale norv6giennedu 20" sidcle.Il fut le modernistequi cr6a des joyaux musicaux qui conquirent le cceurdes gens et, d sa mort, on lui accordades fun6railles d'6tat dignesd'un pr6sidentet transmisesen direct d la t6l6vision nationale. Harald Sreverudest n6 et a vdcu presquetoute sa vie i Bergen,I'ancienne ville de la Hansequi, pendantdes sidcles,fut la fen6tre norv6giennesur le monde. C'est aussila ville nataled'Edvard Grieg et les deux musiciensdevaient recevoir des impulsrons musicalesde I'Allemagne - Grieg pendantson s6jour dLeipzig et Severud, i Berlin. Les deux entretinrentaussi un int6r6t soutenupour la musiquefolklorique. Grieg utilisa directementla musiquefolklorique qu'il remaniaet arrangea.De son c6t6, Sreverudse servit du folklore comme sourced'inspiration et produisit sa < musique folklo- rique. Contrairementd celui de son illustre colldgue,le principal moyen d'expressionde Severud 6tait I'orchestre.Les neuf symphoniesde Harald Severud le mettent en tCte des symphonistesnorv6giens. Sa musique slr Peer Gynt de Henrik Ibsen jette sur la pidce une lumidre diff6rente de I'interpr6tation donn6e par Grieg avec sa partition romantique. Harald Severud ne cessajamais d'admirer Haydn et Mozart mais son style n6o- classique,oir la m6lodie forme toujours un 6l6mentfondamental, se distingue de celui de tous les autres.Le chefd'orchestre sir John Barbirolli en dit ceci: Severud garda son pouvoir cr6atifjusqu'i l'ige de92 ans,son ceuvrefinale 6tant6crite pour alto et piano. Harald Severud a regu de nombreux honneursau cours des ans. En 1953, le gou- vernementnorv6gien lui remit une boursed'artiste d vie et il fut fait chevalieret ensuite commandeurde I'ordre royal norv6gien de St-Olav. 11devint membre de I'Acad6mie Royale Su6doisede Musique et membrehonoraire de I'AssociationFinlandaise des Compositeurs.Ses liens 6troits avecla vie culturelle de la Yougoslavielui amendrentles titres de Chevalier du drapeauyougoslave et de I'Acad6rnie Slovdnedes Arts et Sciences.La basede sesactivitds comme compositeurse trouvait e sa r6sidencei SiljustOlqui est aujourd'hui un musdeconsacre i la vie et i I'ceuvrede Sreverud. La Cinquidme symphonie de Saverud est Ia premidre des dites < symphoniesde guerre>>.Ses symphoniesnos 5-7 furent toutes compos6espendant l'occupation alle- mande de la Norvdge dans les ann6es1940-45 et Severud ne ddmentit pas qu'elles 6taient directementinfluenc6es par la situation dans le pays. Il travailla d sa manidre pour protestercontre I'occupation allemande. La Cinquiime symphoniede Severud est sous-titr6e,un titre qui invitait le public d'alors i tirer sespropres conclusions. Le titre r6el fut r6v6l6 aprds la guerre: < Symphoniede r6sistance>. Elle fut cr66epar I'OrchestrePhilharmonique de Bergen le 6 mars 1941 sous la direction du compositeuri un concert consacr6exclu- sivementi sescuvres. La symphoniefit une grandeimpression sur le public i Ia cr6ation,ce i quoi la pr6- senced'une puissance6trangbre dans le pays contribua grandement.Un article dans le joumal BergensTidende illustre une partie de l'importance qu'on accordair l'ceuvre.Le critique 6crivit: < Elle a un charmenational in6ga16en musiquenorv6gienne. Les cons6- quenceshistoriques en sont que nos jeunes peuvent faire I'exp6rience de I'art et des valeursnationales. Elle inspirerala confiance,la pers6v6rance,de noblesexploits et des actionsintr6pides. > La Cinquiime symphonieest coul6e en un mouvementquoique sa structureforme quatreparties discemables meme si la forme principale est une de sonate.En un sens,la structuresymphonique classique en quatremouvements a €t6 rlddte i un seul mouve- ment. Dans la section d'introduction, Saverud a ins6rd w Andante contrastantet le d6veloppementconsiste en quelque 26 variations de quatre mesureschacune, dont le point de ddpartest le thdmeprincipal de la symphoniepr6sent6 dds le d6but de I'ceuvre. La symphoniese caract6risepar un puissantengagement 6motionnel qui fut naturelle- ment attribu6i la situationde la Norvdge sousI'occupation. Ijeuvre porte une d6dicacebien sp6ciale.Elle fut d6di6eau peintre solvdneBazidar Jakac,un ami intime de Harald Severud depuis ses 6tudesa Berlin. Quand Severud 22 apprit que Ie pays natal de Jakac avait aussi 6t6 occupdpar les Allemands, il 6crivit r6solumentla d6dicacesur la pagede titre. Le Concertopour hautbois fut compos6d la fin des ann6es1930 pour le hautboiste su6doisRolf Lannerholmqui 6tait alors premier hautboistede I'Orchestrede l'Op6ra i Stockholm. La cr6ation du concertoeut lieu dans des conditions id6ales: il fut mis au prograrnmedu troisidme< salonmusical > de Gothembourg,un festival commanditdpar I'OrchestreSymphonique de Gothembourget son chef, Tor Mann. Le concertofut cr66 le 16 f6vrier 1939par cesmdmes musiciens. La forme du concertofut un d6fi pour Harald Saeverud.Du point de vue du contenu, il n'avait pas souhait66crire un concertotraditionnel m6me s'il avait utilis6 le moddle courant du concerto en trois mouvements.Pour expliquer son processusde travail, il fournit le commentairesuivant sur le concerto: < Le Concertopour hautboisest d6di6 < A ma Marie > et Saverud en donna I'explica-

LJ tion suivante:< Severud r6visa ensuitele concertoet raccourcitles deux mouvementsext6rieurs. I Entrata regale (Entry'eroyale) de Harald Srverud fut 6crite pour I'ouverture du festival de Bergen en 1960 et d6di6eau roi Olav V de Norvdge.Le roi allait toujours dL Bergen pour y inaugurer le festival et une autre des fanfares de Severud, Kongen kommer(L'approche du roi),fu;t souventjou6ed ces occasions. Entrata regale estbeaucoup plus qu'une brdve fanfare.En fait, I'ceuvreest une com- position orchestralede grandeenvergure. Un trdme d'introduction aux cordesh I'unis- son prdcEdele thdmeprincipal de I'ceuvre,une sortede marchejou6epar les altos, cors et bois, h I'unisson eux aussi.Le thdme est vari6 et illumin6 jusqu'i ce qu'il soit d6- pass6par le thdme secondaireen mineur aux cordesd I'unisson. Le thdme secondaire est sournisd une enquOteminutieuse avant que, vers la fin de la pibce, Severud ne re- tourne au thdme principal et donne d Entata regale une conclusion 6nergique en acc616- rant le tempo et en augmentantI'intensit6 jusqu'i I'accord final de rni majeur.L'ceuvre fut cr66ed Bergenle 27 mai 1960par I'OrchestrePhilharmonique de Bergendirig6 par Arvid Fladmoe. L'ann6e 1970 marquale 900" anniversairede Bergen.L'occasion inspira Harald Saeverudd'dcrire plusieursoeuvres dont la Sonata Giubilata command6epar I'Orches- tre Philharmonique de Bergen. L'ceuvre fut cr66e par ce mOmeorchestre au concert d'ouverture dela26" saisonde l'ensemble,le 3 septembre1970. Selon le compositeur, I'ceuvrefut inspir6epar lajoie et le besoinde composer: Le point de d6part fut cependantd'abord et avant tout I'anniversairede la ville de Bergen et l'inspiration musicalefut encorerenforc6e par le fait que c'6tait I'institution 24 musicale la plus proche du ccur de Saverud, I'Orchestre Philharmoniquede Bergen, qui avait command6I'ceuvre. Pour la cr6ation,Harald Saeverud6crivit sur son contenu: > @ I-orentz Reilan 2003

Gordon Hunt est n6 d Londres et a 6tudi6 avec TerenceMacDonagh. Il s'est produit partout au monde comme solisteet chef d'orchestre,responsable de classesde maitre et il joue avecde nombreuxensembles renommds. De plus, il poursuit une carridreorches- trale distingu6e,pr6sentement comme premier hautboisdes orchestresPhilharmonia et de Chambrede Londres.Il a d6jn occup6le memeposte d I'OrchestrePhilharmonique de Londres et a jou6 comme premier hautbois invit6 dans l'Orchestre Philharmoniquede Berlin. On I'entend r6gulidrementcomme solisteavec des orchestresinternationaux et il a donn6des concertoset r6citalssur six continents.Les enregistrementsde Gordon Hunt renfermentun disquede musiquede chambrede Bliss, Bax et Britten (BIS-CD-763),un disquede musiquebritannique pour hautboissolo intitul6 Soliloquy(BIS-CD-769) et, en tant que solisteet chef d'orchestre,un disquede concertosbaroques, Elevazione, (BIS' NL-CD-5017). Sesengagements comme chef d'orchestrel'occupent de plus en plus. Il a 6t6 directeurmusical de I'Ensemble )r Vent de ChambreSu6dois de 1991 i 1997 et il continue de travailler avec des harmonieset des orchestresde premier plan partout au monde.I1 devint directeurartistique des Danish ChamberPlayers en juin 2001. Gordon Hunt est un Associ6Honoraire de I'Acad6mie Royale de Musique et un membredu jury du ConcoursInternational de Hautboisde Tokyo tenu tous les trois ans.

L Orchestre Symphonique de Stavanger occupeune place au premier rang de la mu- sique norv6gienne,d causesurtout de sesnombreuses ann6es de collaborationavec les chefs Frans Br0ggen et Alexander Dmitriev (1990-1998).Sur un niveau intemational, I'orchestreest devenubien connu pour la qualitd de sonjeu et son int6ressantprofil, se distinguantparmi les orchestressymphoniques modemes quant au d6veloppementde la pratique d'ex6cution historique d'oeuvresbaroques et classiques.En 2001, Philippe Heneweghe prit la reldve comme directeur artistique pour le r6pertoire ancien tandis que SusannaMiilkki est directriceartistique pour la musiqueromantique et modernede- puis 2002. Ole Kristian Ruud est 6troitementreli6 au profil de I'orchestreconcernant la musiquenorv6gienne; il a dirig6 tous les enregistrementspar 1'orchestrede la s6riedes ceuvresde Tveitt et la majorit6 des huit disquesde celle des ceuvresde Harald Saeverud (les deux projets sur 6tiquetteBIS). L orchestreest engag6dans divers programmesde concertspour les 6colierset 6tudiantset il est reconnupour sespr6sentations originales de musique rock et de jazz. L'OrchestreSymphonique de Stavangera fait des tourndes au Danemark, en Sudde, aux Pays-Bas,en Belgique, Allemagne, Grande-Bretagne, Irlande, Tch6quie,Slovaquie et Pologneen plus d'avoir particip6 aux festivals d'Edim- bourget de Schleswig-Holstein.

Ole Kristian Ruud s'est fait une r6putationde figure dynamiqueen musique scandi- nave tout en poursuivantune carridreintemationale. Il dirige r6gulidrementd'dminents orchestressymphoniques et de chambre dans les pays nordiques, en Europe et aux Etats-Unis.Il visite fr6quemmentaussi le Japondepuis 1990. Ole Kristian Ruud fut chef principal et directeur artistiquede I'Orchestre Sympho- nique de Trondheim de 1987 i 1995 et de I'OrchestreSymphonique de Norrk

Recording data: June 2ry)fr (Symphony No.5, Oboe Concerto) nd August 2000 (E trata regale, Sonata Giubilata) at the Shvdger Concen Hall, Noruay Balace engineer/Tomeister: Dirk Liidemmn Neummn nicrophones; Studer AD 19 microphone pre-mplifiere; Yamaha O2R mixer; Genex GX 8000 MOD reorder; Stil headphones Prcducer: Robert Sttr (Symphony No. 5, Oboe Concefto), JercRnsa (Entrata regale, Sonata Giubilata) Digital editing: Jeffrey Gim Cover text: O lorentz Reile 2003 Trmslations: Willim Jewson (English); Horst A. Scholz (Gemm); Arlette l*mieux-Chend (French) Front cover photograph: O Knut Bry Photogaph of Ole Kristio Ruud: @ Birgit Wifstad Photograph of Gordon Hut: @ Chris Fower 200 I Typesetting, lay-out: Andrcw Bmett, Compact Design Ltd., Saltdem, Brighton, Englmd BIS CDs en be ordered frcm our distributom worldwide. If we haye no reprontrtion in your country,_pl6e conlact: BIS Records AB. Stationsv5gen 20, S-lE4 50 Akemberga, Sweden Tel.: 08 (Int.+46 E) 54 41 02 30 . Fu: 08 (Int.+46 8) 54 41 02 /l{) e-mail: [email protected] . Websit€: ww.bis.se O & @ 2003,BIS RecordsAB, Akersberga. Under perioden 2fi)2-2005 erh6ller BIS Rffords AB stiil till sin verksamhet fren Statens kultumid,

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