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The Nebraska Unicameral and Its Lasting Benefits, 76 Neb
Nebraska Law Review Volume 76 | Issue 4 Article 6 1997 The eN braska Unicameral and Its Lasting Benefits Kim Robak Nebraska Lieutenant Governor Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr Recommended Citation Kim Robak, The Nebraska Unicameral and Its Lasting Benefits, 76 Neb. L. Rev. (1997) Available at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr/vol76/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Kim Robak* The Nebraska Unicameral and Its Lasting Benefits TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................... 791 II. Background ........................................... 793 III. Why and How the Unicameral Works ................. 799 A. Organization ...................................... 800 B. Process ........................................... 802 C. Partisanship ...................................... 804 D. The Lobby ........................................ 804 IV. Why a Nonpartisan Unicameral Is Superior to a Bicameral System ..................................... 805 A. Duplication ....................................... 805 B. Representative and Open Process .................. 809 C. Nonpartisanship .................................. 810 D. Leadership ........................................ 812 E. Lobby ............................................. 814 F. Balance -
War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. -
Internationale Übereinkünfte
7.3.2014 DE Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union L 68/1 II (Rechtsakte ohne Gesetzescharakter) INTERNATIONALE ÜBEREINKÜNFTE BESCHLUSS DES RATES vom 2. Dezember 2013 über den Abschluss des Protokolls zur Änderung des Übereinkommens über das öffentliche Beschaffungswesen (2014/115/EU) DER RAT DER EUROPÄISCHEN UNION — HAT FOLGENDEN BESCHLUSS ERLASSEN: gestützt auf den Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Artikel 1 Union, insbesondere auf Artikel 207 Absatz 4 Unterabsatz 1 in Verbindung mit Artikel 218 Absatz 6 Buchstabe a Ziffer v, Das Protokoll zur Änderung des Übereinkommens über das öffentliche Beschaffungswesen wird hiermit im Namen der Eu auf Vorschlag der Europäischen Kommission, ropäischen Union genehmigt. nach Zustimmung des Europäischen Parlaments, Der Wortlaut des Protokolls ist diesem Beschluss beigefügt. in Erwägung nachstehender Gründe: Artikel 2 Der Präsident des Rates wird die Person(en) bestellen, die befugt (1) Nach Maßgabe des Artikels XXIV Absatz 7 Buchstaben b ist (sind), im Namen der Union die Annahmeurkunde gemäß und c des WTO-Übereinkommens über das öffentliche Absatz 3 des Protokolls und im Einklang mit Artikel XXIV Beschaffungswesen (Government Procurement Agreement — Absatz 9 des GPA von 1994 zu hinterlegen, um die Zustim GPA von 1994) wurden im Januar 1999 Verhandlungen mung der Union, durch das Protokoll gebunden zu sein, zum über die Überarbeitung des GPA von 1994 eingeleitet. Ausdruck zu bringen ( 1 ). (2) Die Verhandlungen wurden von der Kommission in Ab stimmung mit dem nach Artikel 207 Absatz 3 des Ver Artikel 3 trags über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union ein Das Protokoll ist dahingehend auszulegen, dass es keine Rechte gerichteten Besonderen Ausschuss geführt. oder Pflichten begründet, die vor den Gerichten der Union oder der Mitgliedstaaten unmittelbar geltend gemacht werden kön (3) Am 15. -
Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington
Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington As amended by the Washington State Democratic Convention on June 13th, 2020 Article I State Democratic Convention The State Convention of the Democratic Party is the highest authority of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington, subject to the provisions of the Charter of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington. The Convention shall be called by the Washington State Democratic Central Committee pursuant to Articles V and VI of the State Charter. Article II Washington State Democratic Central Committee A. Purpose and Powers 1. The Washington State Democratic Central Committee, also known as the state central committee ("SCC'), is the governing body of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington as authorized by the Democratic State Convention and the Charter of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington. 2. The SCC shall have all powers and carry out all duties delegated to it by the Convention under the Charter. The SCC is the sole Party organization authorized to collect and disburse funds in the name of the Democratic Party of the State of Washington. The SCC provides the funds, staff and other assistance necessary for the operations of its committees. B. Membership 1. The SCC shall consist of the state committeewoman and the state committeeman elected from each legislative district and from each county of the State of Washington, without regard to whether each is a precinct committee officer, in compliance with Article III B of the Charter. 2. Members shall be elected for two-year terms and shall serve until their successors have been elected. -
Star Wars: the Fascism Awakens Representation and Its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia
STAR WARS: THE FASCISM AWAKENS 7 Star Wars: The Fascism Awakens Representation and its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia Whether in science fiction or the establishment of an earthly democracy, constitutional design matters especially in the realm of representation. Democracies, no matter how strong or fragile, can fail under the influence of a poorly constructed representation plan. Two strong examples of representational failure emerge from the post-WWI Weimar Republic and the Galactic Republic’s Senate from the Star Wars saga. Both legislatures featured a combination of overbroad representation without minimum thresholds for minor parties to be elected to the legislature and multiple non- citizen constituencies represented in the body. As a result both the Weimar Reichstag and the Galactic Senate fell prey to a power-hungry manipulating zealot who used the divisions within their legislature to accumulate power. As a result, both democracies failed and became tyrannical governments under despotic leaders who eventually would be removed but only after wars of massive casualties. Representation matters, and both the Weimer legislature and Galactic Senate show the problems in designing democratic governments to fairly represent diverse populations while simultaneously limiting the ability of fringe groups to emerge. “The only thing necessary for the triumph of representative democracies. A poor evil is for good men to do nothing.” constitutional design can even lead to tyranny. – Edmund Burke (1848) Among the flaws most potentially damaging to a republic is a faulty representational “So this is how liberty dies … with structure. Republics can actually build too thunderous applause.” - Padme Amidala (Star much representation into their structures, the Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith, 2005) result of which is tyranny as a byproduct of democratic failure. -
The Judicial Appointment Process: an Appeal for Moderation and Self-Restraint
Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development Volume 7 Issue 1 Volume 7, Fall 1991, Issue 1 Article 15 The Judicial Appointment Process: An Appeal for Moderation and Self-Restraint Joerg W. Knipprath Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcred This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT PROCESS: AN APPEAL FOR MODERATION AND SELF-RESTRAINT JOERG W. KNIPPRATH* The original hearings on the nomination of Clarence Thomas brought much political posturing and theatrical grilling of the nominee. That much was expected in light of the Bork, Kennedy, and Souter hearings. As on those prior occasions, the Senators elected to define their constitutional "consent" function by prob- ing, by turns gingerly and testily, the nominee's political views. As then became painfully obvious, from October 11 th to the 13th the nomination hearing self-destructed. The scripted was out; the unexpected was in. Senators, staff, and media descended into a miasma of sexual allegations, hard-ball politics, betrayed confidences, and half-baked psychoanalysis. By the time the wal- lowing ceased, the substance of the charges had become less the issue than "the process" itself and the participants therein. Anita Hill's charges of sexual harassment against Clarence Thomas were a political neutron bomb. The edifice-the confir- mation process-still stands. -
Het Koninkrijk Tegen Het Licht
Het Koninkrijk tegen het licht Rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek in opdracht van de Tweede Kamer der Staten- Generaal naar de staatsrechtelijke overzeese verhoudingen in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, de Franse Republiek, het Koninkrijk Denemarken en het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland prof. mr. H.G. Hoogers mr. G. Karapetian april 2019 INHOUDSOPGAVE Inleiding en aanleiding tot het onderzoek 3 Hoofdstuk 1 Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 7 §1. Inleiding 7 §2. Een smalle rechtsband 8 §3. Democratische vertegenwoordiging 9 §4. Sociaaleconomische verhoudingen 10 §5. Financiën 11 §6. Defensie en openbare orde 11 §7. De beslechting van geschillen 13 Hoofdstuk 2 De Franse Republiek 16 §1. Inleiding 16 §2. Les collectivités territoriales: DrOM, COM en Nieuw-Caledonië 17 §3. Democratische vertegenwoordiging 21 §4. Sociaaleconomische verhouding en financiën 22 §5. Defensie en openbare orde 23 §6. De beslechting van geschillen 23 §7. Conclusie 24 Hoofdstuk 3 Het Koninkrijk Denemarken 25 §1. Inleiding; de structuur van het Deense Rijk 25 §2. De rechtsband tussen Denemarken en de beide andere Rijksdelen 29 §3. Democratische vertegenwoordiging 30 §4. Sociaaleconomische verhoudingen 31 §5. Financiën en openbare orde 31 §6. Defensie 31 §7. De beslechting van geschillen 32 §8. Conclusie 33 Hoofdstuk 4 Het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland 35 §1. Inleiding 35 §2. Veertien Constituties voor veertien British Overseas Territories 37 §3. Democratische vertegenwoordiging 39 §4. Sociaaleconomische verhouding en financiën 41 §5. Defensie en openbare orde 42 §6. De beslechting van geschillen 42 §7. Conclusie 43 Hoofdstuk 5. Conclusies 44 §1. De structuur van de staatkundige relaties 44 §2. Democratische vertegenwoordiging 46 §3. -
The Senate in Transition Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Nuclear Option1
\\jciprod01\productn\N\NYL\19-4\NYL402.txt unknown Seq: 1 3-JAN-17 6:55 THE SENATE IN TRANSITION OR HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE NUCLEAR OPTION1 William G. Dauster* The right of United States Senators to debate without limit—and thus to filibuster—has characterized much of the Senate’s history. The Reid Pre- cedent, Majority Leader Harry Reid’s November 21, 2013, change to a sim- ple majority to confirm nominations—sometimes called the “nuclear option”—dramatically altered that right. This article considers the Senate’s right to debate, Senators’ increasing abuse of the filibuster, how Senator Reid executed his change, and possible expansions of the Reid Precedent. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 632 R I. THE NATURE OF THE SENATE ........................ 633 R II. THE FOUNDERS’ SENATE ............................. 637 R III. THE CLOTURE RULE ................................. 639 R IV. FILIBUSTER ABUSE .................................. 641 R V. THE REID PRECEDENT ............................... 645 R VI. CHANGING PROCEDURE THROUGH PRECEDENT ......... 649 R VII. THE CONSTITUTIONAL OPTION ........................ 656 R VIII. POSSIBLE REACTIONS TO THE REID PRECEDENT ........ 658 R A. Republican Reaction ............................ 659 R B. Legislation ...................................... 661 R C. Supreme Court Nominations ..................... 670 R D. Discharging Committees of Nominations ......... 672 R E. Overruling Home-State Senators ................. 674 R F. Overruling the Minority Leader .................. 677 R G. Time To Debate ................................ 680 R CONCLUSION................................................ 680 R * Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy for U.S. Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid. The author has worked on U.S. Senate and White House staffs since 1986, including as Staff Director or Deputy Staff Director for the Committees on the Budget, Labor and Human Resources, and Finance. -
Conference Resolution
CONFERENCE RESOLUTION Resolved, that the following shall be the rules of the House Republican Conference for the 115th Congress: Rule 1—Conference Membership (a) Inclusion.—All Republican Members of the House of Representatives (including Delegates and the Resident Commissioner) and other Members of the House as determined by the Republican Conference of the House of Representatives (“the Conference”) shall be Members of the Conference. (b) Expulsion.—A ⅔ vote of the entire membership shall be necessary to expel a Member of the Conference. Proceedings for expulsion shall follow the rules of the House of Representatives, as nearly as practicable. Rule 2—Republican Leadership (a) Elected Leadership.—The Elected Republican Leaders of the House of Representatives are— (1) the Speaker; (2) the Republican Leader; (3) the Republican Whip; (4) the Chair of the Republican Conference; (5) the Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee; (6) the Chair of the Committee on Policy; (7) the Vice-Chair of the Republican Conference; and, (8) the Secretary of the Republican Conference. (b) Designated Leadership.—The designated Republican Leaders of the House of Representatives are— (1) the Chair of the House Committee on Rules; (2) the Chair of the House Committee on Ways and Means; (3) the Chair of the House Committee on Appropriations; (4) the Chair of the House Committee on the Budget; (5) the Chair of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce; (6) the Chief Deputy Whip; (7) one member of the sophomore class elected by the sophomore class; and, (8) one member of the freshman class elected by the freshman class. (c) Leadership Issues.—The Republican Leader may designate certain issues as “Leadership Issues.” Those issues will require early and ongoing cooperation between the relevant committees and the Leadership as those issues evolve. -
JANUS.NET Vol.8
OBSERVARE Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa ISSN: 1647-7251 Vol. 8, Nº. 1 (May-October 2017) Articles Ricardo Real P. Sousa - Genealogy of behaviourist peace research - pp. 1-22 Gilberto Carvalho de Oliveira - Pacifist approaches to conflict resolution: an overview of the principled pacifism - pp. 23-43 Teresa Almeida Cravo - Peacebuilding: assumptions, practices and critiques - pp. 44-60 Patrícia Galvão Teles - The ICC at the centre ofan international criminal justice system: current challenges - pp. 61-73 Susana Abelho - Yanukovych's decision to postpone the signing of the agreement with the EU: a poliheuristic analysis - pp. 74-87 Miguel Santos Neves - Economic diplomacy, geo-economics and The external strategy of Portugal - pp. 88-118 Pedro Velez - Constitution and religiosity of/in the constitutional order of the National Socialist Empire - pp. 119-142 OBSERVARE Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa e-ISSN: 1647-7251 Vol. 8, Nº. 1 (May-October 2017), pp. 1-22 GENEALOGY OF BEHAVIOURIST PEACE RESEARCH Ricardo Real P. Sousa [email protected] Assistant Professor at Autonomous University of Lisbon (Portugal) and integrated researcher at OBSERVARE. He has a PhD from the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) Erasmus University of Rotterdam (EUR) in the Netherlands. He was part of the Research School in Peace and Conflict (PRIO / NTNU / UiO) in Norway and associated with the Center of International Studies (CEI) Lisbon University Institute (IUL) in Portugal as a researcher on conflict. He has a Master of Science in Development Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London, a post-graduation diploma of advanced studies in African Studies and a Bachelor (Hons) degree in Business Administration, both from the Lisbon University Institute. -
WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936 -
Country Coding Units
INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) .