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Aruba Country Profile Health in the Americas 2007 Aruba Netherlands Antilles Colombia ARUBA Venezuela 02010 Miles Aruba Netherlands Oranjestad^ Antilles Curaçao Venezuela he island of Aruba is located at 12°30' North and 70° West and lies about 32 km from the northern coast of Venezuela. It is the smallest and most western island of a group of three Dutch Leeward Islands, the “ABC islands” of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. T 2 Aruba is 31 km long and 8 km wide and encompasses an area of 180 km . GENERAL CONTEXT AND HEALTH traction of 2.4% is projected (Table 1). While Aruba has made DETERMINANTS considerable progress toward alleviating poverty, available data suggest that income inequality is still considerably larger than in Aruba’s capital is Oranjestad,and the island divides geograph- countries with comparable income levels. ically into eight districts: Noord/Tanki Leendert,Oranjestad-West, According to the Centrale Bank van Aruba, at the end of 2005, Oranjestad-East, Paradera, Santa Cruz, Savaneta, San Nicolas- inflation stood at 3.8%, compared to 2.8% a year earlier. Mea- North, and San Nicolas-South. The average temperature is 28°C sured as a 12-month average percentage change,the inflation rate with a cooling northeast tradewind. Rainfall averages about accelerated by nearly 1% to 3.4% in 2005, reflecting mainly price 500 mm a year, with October, November, December, and January increases for water, electricity, and gasoline following the rise in accounting for most of it. Aruba lies outside the hurricane belt oil prices on the international market. At the end of 2005, the and at most experiences only fringe effects of nearby heavy trop- overall economy continued to show an upward growth trend ical storms. While Dutch used to be the sole official language, in (Table 2). 2004 the Parliament of Aruba accepted Papiamento, the native The main economic driver is the service sector, in which language spoken exclusively on the ABC islands,as an official lan- tourism is the major industry. According to the most recent fig- guage. In addition, English and Spanish are compulsory in pri- ures of the Aruba Tourism Authority, the number of stay-over mary school and are spoken by many Arubians. visitors and of their nights spent on the island increased by 2.2% and 2.1%, respectively, during the first 10 months of the year of 2005 compared to 14.5% and 11.9% in the same period of 2004. Social, Political, and Economic Determinants Most tourists (73%) come from the United States, followed by Historically,Aruba was part of the Netherlands Antilles, a six- Venezuela (8.1%) and the Netherlands (5.2%). From 2002 to island federation, which also included Bonaire, Curaçao, St. 2004, the number of stay-over visitors increased from 642,627 to Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius. On 1 January 1986, Aruba be- 728,157,that of hotel rooms increased from 6,831 to 7,226,and in came a separate entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 2004 average hotel occupancy rates were 80.7%. which now comprises three constituents: Holland, the Nether- The highest unemployment (28%) experienced over the last lands Antilles (five islands), and Aruba. Aruba has its own con- three decades was in 1985,when the oil refinery closed down.Ac- stitution, based on Western democratic principles. The Queen of celerated investment in the labor-intensive hotel and construc- the Netherlands appoints the Governor of Aruba, who holds of- tion sectors in the late 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s, fice for an eight-year term and acts as her representative. The coupled with the reopening of the oil refinery, caused enormous Arubian Parliament consists of 21 members elected by universal pressures on the local labor market: the total number of em- suffrage; the last elections were held in 2005, resulting in the ployed persons rose 43% from 1991 to 2000. Many of the newly present Parliament formed by a Social Democratic party (11 created jobs in the economy had to be filled by foreign workers, seats), a Christian Democratic party (eight seats), and two new to the extent that 41% of the working age population in 2000 was parties with one seat each.The Cabinet consists of a maximum of non-Arubian. The unemployment rate at the end of September nine ministers and is headed by the Prime Minister.Aruba is re- 2005 was 6.2%,which represented a drop of 12.1% (427 persons) sponsible for its own administration and policy-making, except to 3,114, compared to a rate of 7.2% in the corresponding period for defense, foreign affairs, and the Supreme Court, which are the in 2004; most of these were probably structurally unemployed responsibility of the Kingdom. Despite its separate status,Aruba persons,given the mismatch between the needs of employers and retains strong economic, cultural, and political ties with Holland the skills and training of the unemployed. Inversely, the number and with its “sister”islands. of employed persons rose by 1,967 to 47,350,and most of that in- Estimated real GDP growth for 2005 was 3.2%, a slight con- crease reflected the greater number of persons employed by the traction of the estimated 2004 growth rate of 3.5%; a further con- private sector—1,592 more persons thus employed or a 4% in- 51 HEALTH IN THE AMERICAS, 2007.VOLUME II–COUNTRIES TABLE 1. Gross domestic product, Aruba, 2001–2005. 2001 2002 2003 2004a 2005b Nominal GDP (US$ million) 1,942.2 1,954.9 2,056.5 2,182.3 2,326.3 Real GDP (1995 = 100; US$ million) 1,637.7 1,596.0 1,620.6 1,677.7 1,731.4 GDP per capita (nominal in US$) 2,1,140 20,951 21,632 22,346 23,139 Percentage changes Nominal GDP 2.2 0.7 5.2 6.1 6.6 Real GDP (1995 = 100) –0.7 –2.6 1.5 3.5 3.2 GDP per capita (nominal, Aruba florin) 0.7 –0.9 3.2 3.3 3.5 Source: Aruba Central Bank (CBA), Central Bureau of Statistics, International Monetary Fund (IMF). aPreliminary estimates of the CBA. bPreliminary estimates of the CBA and the IMF. TABLE 2. Inflation, growth, and debt, Aruba, 2002–2005. 2002 2003 2004 2005 Real GDP (1995 = 100, US$ million)a 1,596.0 1,620.6 1,677.7 1,731.4 Inflation, end of periodb 4.2 2.2 2.8 3.8 Inflation, 12-month averageb 3.3 3.6 2.5 3.4 Real growth (%)a –2.6 1.5 3.5 3.2 Domestic debt (US$ million)c 410 431.2 494.1 516.5d Foreign debt (US$ million)c 510.7 413.8 477.5 532.7d Total debt (US$ million)c 920.6 845 971.5 1,049.2d aAruba Central Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics, International Monetary Fund. bAruba Central Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics. cAruba Central Bank. dEnd September 2005. crease to 41,036. The number of public employees also went up pectancy for males was 70 years and for females 76 years,in each by 375 or 6.3% to 6,314. The active portion of the working age case approximately one year less than life expectancies in 1991 of population declined slightly to 63.3%. 71.1 years for males and 77.1 years for females, according to the census of that year (Figure 1). Immigrants concentrated in age groups of high economic activity are an important contribution Demographics, Mortality, and Morbidity to the distribution of the population by age. The percentage of The total population increased from 92,017 in 2001 to 98,829 persons 65 years of age and older has remained stable: 7% ac- in 2004 (7.4%), of which 47.7% were males and 52.3% females; cording to the census of 1991 and 7.3% according to that of 2000. most of the increase was attributable to the arrival of immi- Predictions are, however, that a noticeable aging of the popula- grants, which ranged from 3,076 in 2002 to 3,906 in 2004. From tion is in the offing, as the mean age of the population has in- 2001 to 2004, live births averaged 1,228 and total deaths 482. Be- creased from 32.9 to 33.9 years since 1991; notwithstanding, tween the censuses of 1991 and 2000, the population increased much of the aging is masked by the arrival in recent years of large from 66,687 to 90,506, a rise of 35.7%, most of which was like- groups of mostly younger foreign workers. wise caused by immigration. Of the total population in 2000, Between 2000 and 2004, crude death rates for Aruba were con- 66.1% were born on the island and the other 33.9% elsewhere. sistently around 5 per 1,000 (Table 3). The probabilities of men The density of population increased steadily from 501 inhabi- dying in the 55–70-year age group and of women dying in the 60– tants/km2 in 1999 to 549 inhabitants/km2 in 2004. 70 age group were considerably higher in 2000 than in 1991. In The total fertility rate in 2005 was 1.8.The crude birth rate per 2004, of a total of 499 deaths defined by cause, 36.3% were attrib- 1,000 inhabitants was 14.3 in 2000 and 12.1 in 2004. In 2005 life uted to diseases of the circulatory system,24.7% to malignant neo- expectancy at birth was 71.9 years—69.5 years for males, and plasms, 7.8% to external causes, and 6.1% to communicable dis- 74.4 years for females.
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