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Carbon Additives for Polymer Compounds

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Carbon Additives for Polymer Compounds Polymers Carbon Additives for Polymer Compounds Conductive Carbon Black Graphite & Coke www.timcal.com 1 Who are we? TIMCAL Graphite & Carbon has a strong tra- agement and continuous process improve- dition and history in carbon manufacturing. Its ment, all TIMCAL manufacturing plants comply first manufacturing operation was founded in with ISO 9001-2008. 1908. TIMCAL Graphite & Carbon is committed to Today, TIMCAL facilities produce and market a produce highly specialized graphite and car- large variety of synthetic and natural graphite bon materials for today’s and tomorrow’s cus- powders, conductive carbon blacks and water- tomers needs. based dispersions of consistent high quality. TIMCAL Graphite & Carbon is a member of IMERYS, Adhering to a philosophy of Total Quality Man- a world leader in adding value to minerals. Where are we located? With headquarters located in Switzerland, TIMCAL The Group’s industrial and commercial activities Graphite & Carbon has an international pres- are managed by an experienced multinational ence with production facilities and commercial team of more than 430 employees from many offices located in key markets around the globe. countries on three continents. HQ Bodio, Switzerland Willebroek, Belgium Lac-des-Îles, Canada Terrebonne, Canada Graphitization & pro- Manufacturing & pro- Mining, purification and Exfoliation of natural cessing of synthetic cessing of conductive sieving of natural graphite, processing of graphite, manufacturing carbon black graphite flakes natural and synthetic of water-based dispersions, graphite processing of natural graphite & coke and manufacturing & pro- cessing of silicon carbide Baotou, China Changzhou, China Fuji, Japan For the updated list of Purification, intercalation, Manufacturing of Manufacturing of commercial offices and exfoliation, size reduc- descaling agents and water-based dispersions distributors please visit tion, shape modification processing of natural www.timcal.com and sieving & classifying graphite of natural graphite What IS OUR VISION? To be the worldwide leader and to be recog- nized as the reference for innovative capability in the field of carbon powder-based solutions. 2 Contents ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black TIMREX® Graphite and Coke Carbon additives for polymer compounds THE PRODUcts • Introduction to ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black p. 4 • Introduction to TIMREX® Graphite and Coke p. 5 • ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black for polymer compounds p. 6 • TIMREX® Graphite and Coke for polymer compounds p. 8 TYPICAL APPlicatiONS FOR ENSACO® CONDUCTIVE CARBON BlacK • Electrically conductive plastics p. 10 • Rubber p. 14 • Power cables and accessories p. 17 TYPICAL APPlicatiONS FOR TIMREX® GRAPHITE AND COKE • Self lubricating polymers p. 18 • Filled PTFE p. 20 • Thermally conductive polymers p. 22 3 Introduction to ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black Conductive carbon blacks are carbon blacks TEM picture of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black showing the high with high to very high stucture (or void volume) level of aggregation. allowing the retention of a carbon network at By courtesy of University of low to very low filler content. The void volume Louvain (Louvain-La-Neuve) can originate from the interstices between the carbon black particles, due to their complex ar- rangement, and from the porosity. 100 nm HOW ENSACO® CONDUCTIVE CARBON STM picture of the surface of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black BlacKS ARE PRODUCED 5x5 nm. The Timcal carbon black process has been de- By courtesy Prof. Donnet - Mulhouse veloped around 1980 and is commercially ex- ploited since 1982. The plant uses most modern technology. The process is based on partial oil oxidation of carbochemical and petrochemical origin. The major difference with other partial combustion carbon black technologies lies in the aerodynamic and thermodynamic condi- THE PRODUCT tions: • low velocity; • no quench; • no additives. SEM picture of ENSACO® 250 G Carbon Black illustrating the high void volume. This leads to a material with no or nearly no By courtesy of University of sieve residue on the 325 mesh sieve and allows Louvain (Louvain-La-Neuve) the highest possible purity. The granulation process has been developed to achieve an homogeneously consistent product maintaining an outstanding dispersibility. It is in fact a free-flowing soft flake characterised by a homogeneous and very low crushing strength 100 nm that guarantees the absence of bigger and harder agglomerates. The process enables the production of easily dispersible low surface area conductive carbon blacks as well as very high surface area conduc- tive carbon blacks. The unique combination of high structure and low surface area also con- tributes to give outstanding dispersibility and smooth surface finish. The low surface area ma- terials show a chain-like structure comparable to acetylene black. The very high surface area materials belong to the Extra Conductive (EC) family. Although ENSACO® Carbon Blacks are slightly more graphitic than furnace blacks, they are quite close to the latter ones as far as rein- forcement is concerned. ENSACO® Carbon Blacks combine to a certain extent both the properties of furnace and acet- ylene black, reaching the optimal compromise. 4 Introduction to TIMREX® Graphite and Coke Graphite finds wide application thanks to its carbon atom and participate in covalent bond- favourable combination of properties such as: ing with three surrounding carbon atoms in the graphite planes. The fourth electron is located • low friction, chemical inertness and in the remaining 2p orbital, which projects absence of inherent abrasiveness; above and below the graphite plane, to form • high thermal conductivity, thermal part of a polyaromatic π-system. stability and electrical conductivity; • film forming ability on metal surfaces; Delocalisation of electrons in π-electron sys- • relatively inoffensive nature of both tem is the reason of graphite’s high stability powders and products of combustion. and electrical conductivity. Interlamellar bond- ing was once thought to be weak and mainly These properties are a consequence of the la- the result of Van der Waals forces, however, it mellar graphite structure and the anisotropic now appears that interlamellar bonding is re- nature of chemical bonding between carbon inforced by π-electron interactions. Graphite is atoms. In graphite, three sp2 hybrid orbitals therefore not intrinsically a solid lubricant and (each containing one electron) are formed requires the presence of adsorbed vapours to from the 2s and two of the 2p orbitals of each maintain low friction and wear. THE PRODUCT HOW TIMREX® GRAPHITE AND COKE POWDERS ARE PRODUCED TIMREX® Primary SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE TIMREX® Primary Synthetic Graphite is pro- duced in a unique highly controlled graphitiza- tion process which assures narrow specifications and unequalled consistent quality thanks to: monitoring of all production and processing stages, strict final inspection, and clearly de- fined development processes. TIMREX® Primary Synthetic Graphite shows unique properties thanks to the combination of a consistent purity, perfect crystalline structure and well defined texture. SEM picture of TIMREX® Graphite showing the perfect crystalline structure. TIMREX® NatURAL FLAKE GRAPHITE TIMREX® Natural Flake Graphite is produced in a wide range of products distinguished by particle size distribution, chemistry and carbon content. Timcal mines the graphite from its own source in Lac-des-Îles, Quebec, Canada. Further processing can be done either in Lac-des-Îles or in our processing plant in Terrebonne, Quebec, Canada. All TIMREX® “Naturals” are thoroughly controlled in our laboratories to ensure quality, consistency and total customer satisfaction. Lc c TIMREX® COKE TIMREX® Petroleum Coke is calcined at appro- priate temperature with low ash and sulphur content, well defined texture and consistent c/2 particle size distribution. c/2 = Interlayer distance Lc = Crystallite height 5 ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black for polymer compounds TYPICAL VALUES PROPERTY Test METHOD UNIT ENSACO® 150 G ENSACO® 210 G ENSACO® 250 G ENSACO® 260 G ENSACO® 350 G Form Granules (*) Granules Granules (*) Granules Granules BET Nitrogen Surface Area m2/g 50 55 65 70 770 ASTM D3037 OAN Absorption ml/100 g 165 155 190 190 320 ASTM D2414 (1) COAN Crushed OAN ml/100 g 95 95 104 104 270 ASTM D2414 (1) Pour Density kg/m3 190 210 170 170 135 ASTM D1513 Moisture (as packed) % 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 max ASTM D1509 Sieve residue 325 mesh (45 μm) ppm 2 2 2 2 10 ASTM D1514 THE PRODUCT Ash Content % 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.03 ASTM D1506 Volatile Content % 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.2 max 0.3 max TIMCAL Method 02 (2) Sulphur Content % 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.02 0.02 0.02 ASTM D1619 Toluene Extract % 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max ASTM D4527 pH 8–11 8–11 8–11 8–11 8–11 ASTM D1512 Volume Resistivity Ohm.cm 2000 max (3) 500 max (3) 10 max (3) 5 max (3) 20 max (4) TIMCAL Method 11 (3) (4) (1) Spring: 0.9 lbs/inch; 10 g of carbon black (2) Weight loss during heating between 105 and 950°C (3) 25% carbon black in HDPE Finathene 47100 (4) 15% carbon black in HDPE Finathene 47100 (*) ENSACO® 150 and ENSACO® 250 are also available in powder form. 6 ENSACO® Conductive Carbon Black for polymer compounds TYPICAL effects ON POlymer COMPOUNDS PROPERTY ENSACO® 150 G ENSACO® 210 G ENSACO® 250 G ENSACO® 260 G ENSACO® 350 G Form Granules (*) Granules Granules (*) Granules Granules BET Nitrogen Surface Area (m2/g) 50 55 65 70 770 OAN Oil Absorption (ml/100 g) 165 155 190 190 320 Conductivity
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