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Heiau and Noted Places of the Makena–Keone'ö'io Region

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Heiau and Noted Places of the Makena–Keone'ö'io Region HEIAU AND NOTED PLACES OF THE MAKENA–KEONE‘Ö‘IO REGION OF HONUA‘ULA DESCRIBED IN HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS (1870S-1930S) This section of the study presents readers with verbatim accounts of heiau and other cultural properties as described by researchers in the region of Honua‘ula—with emphasis on the ahupua‘a of Ka‘eo—since 1916. Detailed research was conducted in collections of the Bishop Museum, Maui Historical Society, Mission Children’s Society Library-Hawaiian Historical Society, and Hawaii State Archives as a part of this study. While a significant collection of references to traditional-cultural properties and historical sites was found, only limited and inconclusive documentation pertaining to the “Kalani Heiau” (Site 196) on the Garcia family property was located. Except for documentation associated with two kuleana awarded during the Mähele of 1848, no other information pertaining to sites on the property was located in the historical accounts. In regards to the “Kalani Heiau,” the earliest reference to a heiau of that name was made in 1916, though the site was not visited, or the specific location given. It was not until 1929, that a specific location for “Kalani Heiau” was recorded by W. Walker (Walker, ms. 1930-31), who conducted an archaeological survey on Maui, for the Bishop Museum. The location of Walker’s “Site No. 196” coincides with that of the “Kalani Heiau” on the Garcia property, but it also coincides with the area claimed by Mähele Awardee, Maaweiki (Helu 3676)—a portion of the claim was awarded as a house lot for Maaweiki. While only limited information of the heiau, and other sites on the property could be located, it is clear that Site No. 196, is a significant feature on the cultural landscape of Ka‘eo. The preservation and stabilization of the site is guaranteed, and involvement of native families of the Ka‘eo-Makena vicinity, and others who are associated with the community, is being planned in partnership at the time of this writing. The following narratives, along with those from preceding sections of the study, are meant to provide present and future generations with interpretive-educational resource materials with which to tell the multi-faceted stories of the land and the cultural resources thereon; and to plan for the long- term protection and maintenance of the site. Field Work of J.F.G. Stokes (1916) With Notes from Thomas Thrum (1918-1938) During the months of November and December 1916, Bishop Museum archaeologist, J.F.G. Stokes was on the Island of Maui setting up and attending an exhibit at the Maui County Fair. During that time, Stokes also conducted site visits, and met with several elder kama‘äina, who were known to be knowledgeable of heiau and other ancient sites on the island. On December 14th, Stokes visited the Makena vicinity, and recorded information on several sites, and identified some of his informants (Ms. SC Stokes, Group 2, Box 3.14): Page 35. At Makena, point N. of landing. Low pf. [platform] heiau called Nanahu, iliili & coral, level with land about 20’ [square diagram]. Nothing else worthy of note to be seen. Said to have been a “heiau for dead people.” Land of Kaeo, Kalani heiau, sacrifice, beat drum. Puu Olai. Said to be a heiau on top by son of Mawai [Mawae17]. 17 At one time, Mawae (or Kamawae) was the companion of Ha‘eha‘e Kukahiko, and father of Ha‘eha‘e li‘ili‘i Kaha‘awinui. Ha‘eha‘e Kukahiko, was born in 1860. He Mo‘olelo ‘Äina No Ka‘eo Kumu Pono Associates LLC A Cultural-Historical of Ka‘eo and Vicinity, Honua‘ula, Maui MaKaeo110 (122705a):230 Stopped night at Kanahena with J. Kauwekane[18] & wife. There is a… [page 36] Heiau called Koula, hoouluai. A pf. Inside enclosure, not seen. Dec. 14. Went to Keoneoio, La Perouse Bay where we met Keamoo. Latter said 3 heiau at that place. First was a heiau hoomana, for a shark. Heiau called Hala. It was an indentation, 7 feet long in a large rock by the sea, where was formerly a pit connected by a channel with the sea. Really a shrine. Land (Ili) called Kalihi 300 yards to E. heiau called Paalua, hooulu ua & fish. Repaired by Kamalii w. & Laemoa k. for rain without success. They died more than 10 years ago. Place above. Also in Kalihi. Another in ili of Papaka, called Kaulana Koaia, another in Papaka uka called Puunaio, destroyed. Page 37 At Keoneoio M. found a pohaku luhee & returning, Kauwekane gave us another of [illegible] & a pa hi aku. Between Keawakapu and Makena found on house site 2 pakaa, & picked up brick [illegible], grindstone & broken pounder found previous day on house site nearer Keawakapu. In 1918, J.F.G. Stokes wrote a brief paper titled “Report on the Heiau of Maui” (B.P. Bishop Museum, MS. SC Stokes Group 3 box 1, Papers). The paper expanded upon those notes kept by Stokes as a result of his site visits in 1916. Regarding the “Heiau of Kalani,” Stokes elaborated on the notes found in his field book, reporting: Heiau of Kalani, land of Kaeo, inland. Not seen. Said to have been a heiau for human sacrifices, and that the drums are heard at night. He also elaborated on the description of Nanahu Heiau, observing: Heiau of Nanahu, land of Makena; on the point north of Makena Bay. This was a pavement of ala and coral fragments, level with the surrounding ground and rocks, and about 20 feet square. The only information to be gathered was that it was “a heiau for dead people.” It was not a graveyard, and I do not understand nor could the local people explain to me the meaning of their description. Based on Stokes’ contributions, the 1918 Thrum’s Hawaiian Annual and Almanac, repeated the descriptions by Stokes, observing: Kalani heiau, at Kaeo, a sacrifice temple; drums heard. Not seen. [Thrum 1918:127] In the same issue, Thrum also quoted Stokes’ description of Nanahu Heiau, as being situated: …on point north of Landing at Makena. A pavement of pebbles and some coral, about twenty feet square and level with ground. No other feature. Said by several natives to be a “heiau for dead people”. Probably only a sacred place without temple structure. [Thrum, 1918:127-128] 18 This was John Kauwekane Kukahiko and his wife, Lepeka. Kauwekane was born in 1857 and died in 1942. He Mo‘olelo ‘Äina No Ka‘eo Kumu Pono Associates LLC A Cultural-Historical of Ka‘eo and Vicinity, Honua‘ula, Maui MaKaeo110 (122705a):231 In 1938, Thrum’s Hawaiian Annual published a “Complete list of Heiaus (Temples) and Sites”, condensed from the Annuals of 1909, 1917, 1918, and 1921 (Thrum, 1938:128). In the list, the following heiau were recorded for the Ka‘eo-Makena-Ulupalakua region of Honua‘ula, with a note that “Names with an asterisk (*) indicate known temples of human sacrifice” (Thrum, 1938:121); “Kalani Heiau” and the heiau of Pueo at ‘Ulupalakua, being among the heiau so indicated: Kalailani & 3 others….Ulupalakua, reported all gone, class unknown. Kalani* ……………….. Kaeo, no particulars… Kanaio ……………….. Honuaula, all destroyed, no particulars… Kaunaakaeha ………… Hulapapa, Kanaio, on mountain slope. Kaunanakaea …………Kanaio, small heiau of doubtful class, all destroyed… [page 129] Koula …………………. Kanahena, no particulars… [page 130] Nanalu [Nanahu]…….. Makena, small, probably only a sacred place… Paalua ……………….. Kalihi, an L-shaped enclosure, for rain and fish, shows late repairs… Papanuiokane ……… Hulapapa, Kanaio, small platform type… [page 131] Pueo* ……………….. Ulupalakua, of platform type, long since destroyed… Puunaio …………….. Papaka-uka, all destroyed… [Thrum, 1938:132] Winslow Walker’s Archaeological Investigations on Maui (1929-1930) It was apparently not until 1929, that another archaeologist from the Bishop Museum visited the Makena region of Honua‘ula, and reported on several native sites in the vicinity. The archaeologist, Winslow Walker, undertook field visits, documenting a wide range of sites around the island of Maui. Unfortunately, his manuscript has not been formally published in it’s entirety, though for years it has been cited, and in 1998, a compendium of references to the island of Maui—including extensive excerpts from Walker’s manuscript—was published under the title, “Sites of Maui” (E.P. Sterling, 1998). Walker’s work is important—particularly with the passing of time, and significant changes that have occurred on the landscape of Maui—but Bishop Museum directors and staff hesitated to publish it, as it was found that information was at times “incorrectly” presented (see B.P Bishop Museum staff letter, Emory to Gregory; May 13, 1933). During the course of conducting the present study, Winslow Walker’s original field books, original handwritten notes and typed manuscript were reviewed at Bishop Museum; and copies of the manuscript and handwritten notes were also viewed in the collection of the Maui Historical Society (they being reportedly copied from the Bishop Museum collection). The hope being to identify further documentation pertaining to the sources of information collected by Walker while in the field— particularly in regards to “Kalani Heiau.” It was wondered how Walker had learned of the site he identified in what became the Garcia property—and hoped that he might of clearly recorded the name of an elder informant, or perhaps recorded that he may have been taken to the site, by a member of the Kalani-Lono family? Unfortunately, Walker did not specify who his informant(s) was for “Kalani Heiau,” though once again, we find that John Kauwekane Kukahiko, was among those who told him about certain sites in the Makena region. It appears that other than the brief description of the heiau, recorded in his original He Mo‘olelo ‘Äina No Ka‘eo Kumu Pono Associates LLC A Cultural-Historical of Ka‘eo and Vicinity, Honua‘ula, Maui MaKaeo110 (122705a):232 field work, Walker relied on the earlier notes of Stokes and Thrum in identifying what he called “Kalani Heiau.” It may be recalled that neither Stokes nor Thrum saw the heiau, and that Stokes simply identified it as being “inland.” It is not until Walker’s field book that we found a reference to the heiau as being “not far from shore.” And then later, in the typed manuscript, a reference to it as being “not far from the Church” (see citations below).
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