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Nursing Informatics. Current and Future Trends

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Nursing Informatics. Current and Future Trends Anale. Seria Informatic ă. Vol. X fasc. 2 – 2012 39 Annals. Computer Science Series. 10 th Tome 2nd Fasc. – 2012 NURSING INFORMATICS. CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS Corina Vernic ”Victor Babe ş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi şoara, Department of Functional Sciences ABSTRACT: Informatization and the need of knowledge definition reflects the work of nurse informaticists, the in the medical field has significantly grown in this century. emergence of patients as active participants in their own The purpose of informatization aims to prepare nurses, as care, and the key concepts intersecting nursing and well as to benfit from integrating computer technology into informatics [MM09, ST02]. everyday practice. Nurses have turned their attention to the computer It is essential to include concepts related to the role of computer technology in clinical practice into the future process, the latter aiming to help them in their daily basic nurse training curricula. practice, thus reducing time lost unnecessarily with I mentioned several classification systems in nursing, they manual data registration, and allowing more contact are very useful when generating and processing databases with the patient. Therefore, nurses must be equipped in nursing, in order to facilitate the description and with appropriate instruments, capable of efficiently comparison of nursing practices (International Clinical for manage data. Nurses Practice, North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, Nursing Interventions Classification, Nursing 2. CREATING AND USING CLINICAL Outcomes Clasification, Clinical Care Classification). The look into the future will be the use of telemedicine and KNOWLEDGE telenursing, in order to exchange information from one place to another with the purpose of improving the Graves and Corcoran (1989) have suggested that the patient’s health condition. Nurses can also access the real knowledge in the field of nursing is: patient's electronic health records, and provide the patients “simultaneously the laws and relationships that exist with healthcare information and also with education between the elements that describe the phenomena of materials. As such, nurses must be supported by excellent concern in nursing (factual knowledge) and the laws or electronic health record and other technologies. rules that the nurse uses to combine the facts to make As a conclusion, information technology is not a remedy, clinical nursing decisions”. From their point of view but it will offer this profession an unprecedented faster knowledge leads to decision-making as well as to new capacity for the production and dissemination of new knowledge in the nursing domain. The short presentation discoveries in the field of clinical trial [GC89]. of the supporting terminologies in nursing practice has Carper (1978) described the four patterns of knowing: introduced more of the information management tools, (1) Empirics, the science of nursing; used by nurses in their work. (2) Esthetics, the art of nursing; KEYWORDS: Nursing Informatics, Information (3) Personal knowledge; Technology, Electronic Health Record, International (4) Ethics, the moral knowledge of nursing. Clinical for Nurses Practices Empirics: allows access to factual knowledge derived from archives of aggregated clinical research and 1. INTRODUCTION IN NURSING integrated with clinical information system. INFORMATICS Esthetics: allows access to multicultural practices and beliefs. Informatization and the need of knowledge in the Personal: allows access to a personal knowledge of medical field has significantly grown in the 21st clinical experiences and reactions. century. The purpose of informatization aims to Ethics: allows access to standards of ethical practice prepare nurses, as well as to benefit from integrating and experts in the field of moral reasoning [Car78]. computer technology into everyday practice. Evidence-based practice and research utilization are “Nursing informatics (NI) is the integration of concepts that have been widely addressed in the nursing, its information, and information management nursing literature. The benefits of integrating research with information processing and communication in practice is evident, though Estabrooks (1999) technology, to support the health of people worldwide” suggested that only a little is yet known about the (the IMIA-NI Strategic, July 2007). factors that influence clinical research integration in We can say that nursing informatics is described as the daily practice. Nurses need absolute involvement in intersection of computer, information and science in creating tools in the field of Informatics, to facilitate nursing, to manage and communicate data, information, the access to knowledge. The computer system of and knowledge in nursing practice. Generally the collecting and processing data must be implemented 40 Anale. Seria Informatic ă. Vol. X fasc. 2 – 2012 Annals. Computer Science Series. 10 th Tome 2nd Fasc. – 2012 on a wide scale, and the standards that concern data, information, and knowledge in different documenting in the field of nursing must use the specialties, as well as promote the integrity and solutions offered by information technology (IT), access to information related to confidentiality, with the hope that they evolve [Est07]. legality, ethical, and security issues [SGC01]. Strategies that will need implementation: There's an assumption that those who will now • identifying the nurse leader’s needs of education graduate will be more familiar with the computer in computer science; system compared to nurses who already practice. It • developing mentoring programs for the is essential to include concepts related to the role of acquisition of leadership skills in computer computer technology in clinical practice into the science; future basic nurse training curricula. • assuring enrollment of nurse leaders as sponsors Education strategies in nursing informatics: for electronic health records initiatives. • the need to promote prototypes of informatics integration in schools of nursing; 3. CLINICAL PRACTICE • create opportunities to educate and spread competencies and information concepts; In spite of efforts to implement a more efficient and • nursing faculties compulsory need to obtain core easier to use computerized system, there is still competencies in the IT field; limited online functionality when it comes to the • allocation of funds for the development of a possibility of nurse information. Many studies and model of innovative curricula; reports have shown that many are still in the early • include criteria for accreditation that require phase of purchasing and implementing a computer integrating basic informatics concepts and system [EP06]. competencies in all basic nursing programs. There is one opportunity of involving nurses in the As a representative of Romania for Nursing development of the information system and in getting Informatics in International Medical Informatics IT solutions in terms of clinical practice. Considering Association and European Federation for Medical the average age of the majority of nurses, it is Informatics, I designed the following Analytical understood that getting familiar with the use of Program for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics computers is necessary, so attention should be given Department for General Medical Assistance in our to their private documentation in the field of IT. University: Table 1and Table 2. Strategies for Nurses: • nurses must be encouraged to participate in the Table 1.Course topics acquisition, design, implementation and No. Course topics evaluation phases of the information system; 1. Introduction to information theory. The • IT solutions must be adopted to help benefit a objects of study in Medical Informatics quality clinical care; 2. Computing system. Hardware. Software. • nurses must be supplied with materials and Operating systems. Integrated software resources that will facilitate the acquisition of 3. Computer Networks. Internet competence in the field of informatics. 4. Telemedicine. Telenursing 5. Data files. Medical databases. 4. NURSES OF EDUCATION 6. Classification systems: ICD-10, ATC, ICNP, NANDA, CCC of Nursing Diagnoses. Over the years, numerous efforts have been made to Reports on DRG, SIUI. identify the essence of competences the nurses would 7. Electronic Health Record require for a good functionality of the medical system. The essence of concepts and competencies in the 8. Introduction in Biostatistics. Statistical informatics field is in a more private way related to parameters. Distribution an interprofessional education model. 9. Statistical tests. Classification of tests. Usual Staggers, Gassert and Curran believe that nursing statistical tests. Correlation analysis students and nurses in general should be taught skills 10. Risk analysis. Health statistics. in NI [SGC01]. 11. Image processing. Image acquisition. Staggers, Gassert and Curran (2001) specify that the 12. Medical informatics systems nurses should be able to see relationships among data 13. Computer systems used in clinics and elements, make judgments based on trends and hospitals patterns within the data, use current informatics 14. Protection and data security. Health Card. solutions, and also collaborate with the informatics Electronic prescription. nurse specialists. It is emphasized that the nurses must be able to use system applications to manage Practical works topics are presented in Table 2. Anale. Seria Informatic ă. Vol. X fasc. 2 – 2012
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