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Health Technologies and Reflections in Nursing Practices International Journal of Caring Sciences September-December 2017 Volume 10 | Issue 3| Page 1733 Original Article Health Technologies and Reflections in Nursing Practices Yasemin Aydin Kartal, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey Saadet Yazici, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey Correspondence: Yasemin Aydin Kartal, Assist. Prof. Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Modern healthcare system uses many advantages of information and communication systems, in order to increase the quantity and quality of medical healthcare services. In medical healthcare institutions, the largest labor force with clinic knowledge comprises of nurses. In line with this purpose,increasing the knowledge in nursing practices, using new technologies becomes important. The purpose of this article is to examine the innovations in the healthcare technologies and its effects on both Turkey and worldwide. Key words: Nursing Practices, Health Technologies, Telehealth, Telenursing Introduction acquiring the knowledge, skills and attitute has become a requirement in nursing (Hegarty, Rapid and suprisingly astonishing innovations in Walsh, Condon, & Sweeney, 2009; Isık & Kaya, science and technology have brought a fierce and 2011). confidential competition among countries and this competitions made the countries to improve Hence, use of information technologies is one of their existing technologies inevitable. the major components of basic competency areas Additionally, citizen’s expectations to live in a of nursing and medicine. Nurses, when more prosperous environment increased the determining the technology that they use, renew improvements in technology. Consequently, use policies and procedures which are applicable, of techonology has become an obligation rather usable and reliable , also concern the level of than a priviladge. Medical healthcare sector has effectiveness, cost, social, legal and ethical become the pioneer of this technology aspects (Barton, 2010). Technology systems such improvement sector, plus brought up the concept as healthcare mobile applications, robotic of health technology, which has importance in surgery, nanotechnology, smart wearable making the life meritable. Health technology is technology, web based care and education defined as the application of organized applications, health informatics, tele-medicine knowledge and skills in the form of devices, applications, wound care technologies, medicines, vaccines, procedures and systems programmed barcode infusion systems, developed to solve a health problem and improve simulation, social network applications; are used quality of lives (WHO, 2013). for a variety of applications such as, acceptance of physician requests, prevention of errors and In contemporary society, information and side effects, barcode retrieval for drug communication technologies advance inevitably, applications, decision support systems, nursing so that it affects the shape of healthcare services. education, establishment of standard nursing care Like all other professions, correct and efficient plans, clinical guidelines, procedures etc. use of technology affects nursing as a profession. (Canadian Nurses Association, 2006; Hegarty et Nursing institutions accepts technology as an al. 2009; Valiga, 2012; Doyle, Garrett, & Currie, important variable that affects the healthcare 2015). practice and efficient use of technology, www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org International Journal of Caring Sciences September-December 2017 Volume 10 | Issue 3| Page 1734 Efficient use of healthcare technology systems • In alerting changes of patient condition have important roles • In escalation of maintenance time • • In decreasing the patient care costs In organization and management of • nursing services In identifying possible future diseases • In statistical evaluation and development • In recording, storing and sharing the of research database patient information • In distribution of health benefits (Potter • In facilitating clinical decision making & Perry,1997; Menke, Broner, • In speeding up the communication Campbell, McKissick, &Edwards- network • Beckett, 2001; Hovenga, Gadre, & In standardization of nursing care Heard, 2005; Langowski, 2005; Ay, planning 2007; Barton, 2010; Lammintakanen, • Averting medical complications Saranto, & Kivinen,. 2010). • Commuting clerical work Table 1. Intelligent Wearable Patient Tracking System Sensors Sensor Types Signals Signal Source Skin Electrodes Electromyogram (EMG) Muscle electrical activity Electrodes placed in the head Electroencephalography (EEG) Electrical activity of brain skin potentials Skin Electrodes Electrocardiogram (ECG) The waves of P, Q, R, S, T, U Accelerometer Activity, Mobility, Declination Posture and Limb movements Piezoelectric / Piezoresistive Respiratory rate Unit breathing sensor Phonograph Heart sounds Record with heartbeat microphone help Glucosemeter Blood sugar Evaluation of the amount of glucose in the blood Pulseoximeter Oxygen satiety Oxygen hemoglobin in blood Temperature probe and skin Body or skin temperature Body or skin tape Woven metal electrode Galvanic skin response Skin electrical conductivity Stepper Number Of Step Walking PPG sensor Volumetric blood value Finger and ear lobe Tele Health-Tele Nursing This includes systems and procedures including a simple phone call , medical videoconferences, Tele health is "the sharing of health data, the ability of doctor/nurse to monitor the patient education and healthcare information between data online, video system usage for online health personel and patients, students and other doctor/patient/nurse visits, teleconsulting, health personel, education, telecommunication, conducting remote surgical operations via using telephone, computer, interactive television robotics.This system, provides a bidirectional or a combination of them (Koch, 2006). communication between healthcare personnel and patients. www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org International Journal of Caring Sciences September-December 2017 Volume 10 | Issue 3| Page 1735 The system includes devices (blood pressure, With tele nursing, changes in the patient's oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram), video condition can be detected and intervened early, camera, computer, monitor, and internet responsiveness to patients' treatment and care can connection that provide the measurement of life be improved, satisfaction can be improved, and signs in the patient section. With this system, the they can help return to their role in daily life measuring apparatuses are attached to the body (Downe-Wamboldt et al., 2007; Reinhardt, of the patient, the patient data is transferred to 2010). the computer by a cable, transmitted to the health In Turkey, services for tele nursing have been professionals, or interviewed by the health given in the fields of application in some health professionals through the video-conference centers and scientific studies and although the method (Jenkins & White, 2001; Frantz, 2004; importance has been put forward, the definition Koch, 2006). The telehealth system provides for of job has not been done yet. In order for early identification and intervention of changes telehealth services to be widespread, it is in the patient's condition, reducing the number of necessary to determine the task and definition of home visits, urgent visits to the hospital and tele nursing, to be seen as a field of expertise, to hospital admission, hospitalization, effective be disseminated at national politics level, to be communication, reducing the cost of care, and included in clinical applications, administrative increasing the patient's self-care (Ratliff & Forch, support and financial resources should be 2005; Koch, 2006; Hain, Ng, Aronow, Swanson, determined. & Bolton, 2009). Tele-health services are helping to improve care management and quality of life, Electronic Health Records (EHR) especially for patients with chronic illnesses. The Electronic Health Records are resources that International Nurses Association (ICN) defines patient datas are recorded digitally and tele-nursing as "the use of communication transmitted securely and only can be accessed by technologies in nursing to improve patient care," users who have proper authority. Computer and while the American Nurses Association (ANA) computer controlled systems, bring extraordinary defines "nursing practices such as information extents to diagnosis and treatment in modern about patients' health status, Activity ", approved medicine, provide convenience and accelerates in 1999 as a component of nursing practice. the medical processes. It provides many complex Within the scope of tele nursing, telephone yet similar cases to be interpreted easier, safer nursing, tele-triage and tele-home care nursing and correct and enables medical data to be are applied to the patient. At the same time, accessible without any distance. Thus, patient education, high-risk group of patients, examination, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, counseling and communication are maintained access to information about health, education and (Valanis, Tanner, Moscato, & David, 2003). In professional help can be provided easily. EHR tele triage practice, the nurse ensures that the provides not only readable
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