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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Notes on the extended distribution of Humboldtia bourdillonii (: ), an Endangered legume in the ,

Anoop P. Balan, A.J. Robi & S.V. Predeep

26 November 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 14 | Pages: 14886–14890 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5424.11.14.14886-14890

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14886–14890

Notes on the extended distribution of Humboldtia bourdillonii (Fabales: Fabaceae),

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) an Endangered tree legume in the Western Ghats, India Short Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Anoop P. Balan 1 , A.J. Robi 2 & S.V. Predeep 3 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1 KSCSTE-Malabar Botanical Garden and Insttute for Sciences, Kozhikode, 673014, India. 2 Department of Botany, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad, Pathanamthita, Kerala 689597, India. 3 Department of Botany, SVR NSS College, T.P. Puram Post, Vazhoor, Kotayam, Kerala 686505, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Humboldta bourdillonii is an Endangered tree legume; internodes (Krombein et al. 1999). Most of the species considered endemic to its type locality in the Periyar Tiger Reserve of Humboldta are under severe threat especially due to in Idukki District of Kerala State. A new populaton of this highly threatened endemic species is located in the Vagamon Hills of habitat loss and degradaton of forest by anthropogenic Kotayam District which is about 70km away from its original locality. actvites. Among them, H. unijuga Bedd. var. trijuga J. The newly located populaton is drastcally afected by the severe foods and landslides that occurred in Kerala state during August 2018. Joseph & V. Chandras. is Critcally Endangered, H. unijuga Urgent conservaton measures are needed to protect the populaton var. unijuga and H. vahliana Wight are Endangered, from further loss. H. laurifolia is Vulnerable and H. decurrens is Near Keywords: Adimundan, Humboldta, Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, Threatened as per IUCN (2019). H. bourdillonii Prain was threatened, Vagamon Hills, Western Ghats. described by David Prain based on the collectons of T.F. Bourdillon from the ‘Peermade Ghats’ of Idukki District in Kerala State in 1894 with no further informaton on Humboldta Vahl is a small tree legume genus with the species thereafer. Afer a century, Sasidharan seven species and two varietes, all are endemic to (1998) relocated the species from the Periyar Tiger southern Western Ghats of , Kerala and Tamil Reserve of Peermade Ghats. Augustne (2000, 2002) Nadu states, except H. laurifolia, the type species which and Ramachandran et al. (2014) also reported the is endemic to Sri Lanka. The species of Humboldta species from the same region. The later conducted a inhabits the evergreen forest in the alttudinal range of detailed study on the populaton status of the species 200–1,250 m and generally prefer river banks and areas and found that it has a discrete distributon with an between streamlets. H. brunonis Wall., H. decurrens area of occupancy of 0.06km2 and area of occurrence of Bedd. and H. laurifolia Vahl are myrmecophytes that approximately 2km2 and the populaton is estmated to harbour ants and many endemic invertebrate taxa such have 1,310 individuals only. Ramachandran et al. (2014) as bees and arboreal earthworms within swollen hollow assessed H. bourdillonii as Critcally Endangered status

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5424.11.14.14886-14890

Editor: N.P. Balakrishnan, Coimbatore, , India. Date of publicaton: 26 November 2019 (online & print)

Manuscript details: #5424 | Received 25 September 2019 | Final received 07 November 2019 | Finally accepted 13 November 2019

Citaton: Balan, A.P., A.J. Robi & S.V. Predeep (2019). Notes on the extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii (Fabales: Fabaceae), an Endangered tree legume in the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(14): 14886–14890. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5424.11.14.14886-14890

Copyright: © Balan et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Dept. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the director, KSCSTE-Malabar Botanical Garden & Insttute for Plant Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala for all the facilites provided for this work. The constant encouragement and support of Dr. N.S. Pradeep, Sr. Scientst and the help of Mrs. Liji, M., Herbarium Assistant, MBGIPS, Kozhikode is also thankfully acknowledged. First author is indebted to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Deptartment of Science and Technology, Government of India for fnancial assistance through the project PDF/2016/001936. The second author is thankful to the principal, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicad for the facilites and support.

14886 Extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii Balan et al. against the Endangered status on the IUCN Red List towards the tp; stgma capitate. Pods 10–14 × 3–3.5 (World Conservaton Monitoring Centre 1998). cm, dolabriform, falcate, velvety, bright red or crimson, During a botanical exploraton conducted to sutures thick, prominently veined, 3–5 seeded. Seeds ca Vagamon Hills in the Kotayam-Idukki district border in 2.5 × 2 cm, suborbicular, pale red when young and dark June 2018, the authors accidently found a small patch brown when matured. of H. bourdillonii in the margins of a reserve forest near Local name: ‘Adimundan’ () a tributary of Meenachil River. The species in this small Flowering & Fruitng: January–July. patch is represented by about 20 individuals of diferent Habitat & Ecology: Grows in steep, slippery terrain in ages and girth classes. Few were with irregular wet evergreen forest at ca. 1,100m, in an isolated patch fowers while majority were in fruitng stage. This is of about 0.5ha area. The populaton is located near to the frst report of occurrence of this threatened species a stream and comprises eight mature individuals (10–70 outside its type locality. Detailed descripton, illustraton, cm gbh) and 12 seedlings (<10cm gbh). Aglaia tomentosa images, distributon map and notes on habitat, Teijsm. & Binn., Antdesma montanum Blume, Aporosa ecology and conservaton status are provided for easy acuminata Thwaites, Artabotrys zeylanicus Hook. f. & identfcaton and a beter understanding of the species. Thomson, graveolens Dalz., Drypetes venusta (Wight) Pax & K. Hofm., Goniothalamus keralensis Taxonomic treatment E.S.S. Kumar, Shaju, Roy et Raj Kumar, Litsea bourdillonii Humboldta bourdillonii Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Gamble, Schefera racemosa (Wight) Harms, Vernonia Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 73(5): 200. 1904; Gamble, Fl. Madras 411. arborea Buch.-Ham., etc. are the major associates of H. 1919; Sanjappa, Blumea 31: 331. 1986 & Legumes India bourdillonii. 30. 1992; Sasidh., Higher of Indian Sub-Contnent Specimens examined: Kerala, Idukki District, 8: 209. 1998; T.S. Nayar et al., Fl. Pl. Kerala 319. 2006; V.S. Peermade Ghats, 07 February 1894, Bourdillon 906 Ramach. et al., Trop. Ecol. 55(1): 85. 2014; Sanjappa in (CAL, MH), Peermade road, 853m ( 2800f), 06 March G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair (ed.) Flora of Kerala 2: 236. 2016 1907, Bourdillon 1614 (University College Herbarium, (Figure 1, Image 1) Thiruvananthapuram); Arjunankota, 25 February 1994, Small to medium-sized trees, up to 15m high, bark Sasidharan & Jomy 13378 (CAL); 14 February 2007, S.V. smooth; branchlets woody. Stpules appendaged, 2–3.5 × Predeep & Anoop P.B. 20531 (MBGH); Kotayam District, 1–1.5 cm, ovate, acuminate, prominently parallel-veined, Vagamon Hills, 16 June 2018, Anoop P.B. & A.J. Robi glabrous, persistent; appendages falcate-reniform, 15548 (MBGH – Image 2). divergently veined, persistent. 6–8 foliolate; petoles ca 1cm long; rachis 10–16 cm long, narrowly, Threats and conservation obcordately winged between the leafets; petolules Peermade Hills and Vagamon Hills were once covered 3–4 mm long, stout, glabrous; leafets 12–25 × 3–4 cm, by contnuous dense evergreen forests and was home to linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptc, acuminate several Western Ghats endemic species. Extensive forest at apex, obtuse and unequal at base, thick-chartaceous, clearance especially for the cultvaton of Cardamom and glabrous; veins prominently retculate beneath. Flowers Tea during 19th century under Britsh rule have caused in 4–6 cm long corymbs on tubercles on stem and serious decline in populaton of several threatened plants old branches, tawny velvety; pedicels 1–1.5 cm long, including H. bourdillonii. At present, the evergreen forests velvety; bracts 3–4 × 1.5 mm, ovate, brown tomentose, in Vagamon Hills are restricted to certain pockets and are deciduous; bracteoles connate when young, splitng under severe threat due to tourism related actvites, down at maturity, 5–6 x 3 mm, ovate, obtuse, brown since Vagamon is one of the major tourist destnatons tomentose and gland-doted, deciduous. Calyx brown in Kerala state. The newly located populaton of H. tomentose; tube ca 6mm long; lobes 4, crimson, 9–11 bourdillonii is also facing serious threat from human × 3–5 mm, subequal, ovate-oblong, obtuse-rounded at interventon and natural calamites like landslides and apex, tomentose. 5, white, 3 larger ones 11–12 soil erosion. Both locatons of the species are in landslide × 6–7 mm, others 8–9 × 3–4 mm, obovate, obtuse at prone areas identfed by the Kerala State Disaster apex, sparsely pilose inside, shortly clawed, caducous. Management Authority – KSDMA (Figure 2). Between Stamens 5, flaments 2.5–3 cm long, reddish, broad and 1 June and 18 August 2018 Kerala State received 36% pilose at base; anthers versatle, ca 4 × 1.5 mm, oblong. excess rainfall than normal levels, leading to widespread Ovary stpitate, 6–7 × 3 mm, obliquely oblong, densely foods and the torrental rains triggered a number of pilose, 5–6–ovuled; style 1.6–1.8 cm long, narrowing landslides that devastated innumerable infrastructure

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14886–14890 14887 Extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii Balan et al.

Figure 1. Humboldta bourdillonii Prain: A— ǀ B—cauline inforescence ǀ C—corymb ǀ D—bract ǀ E—bracteoles ǀ F—sepal ǀ G— ǀ H— stamen ǀ I—pistl ǀ J—pod ǀ K—seed. © Anoop P. Balan.

facilites and washed away a vast variety of Biodiversity. damage, since the land is in their custody. Actons are Vagamon Hills also experienced heavy precipitaton also needed to raise the seedlings in nurseries (ex situ and large-scale landslides during that period and a conservaton) and further reintroducton to adjacent massive landslide occurred near to the populaton of H. localites in Vagamon Hills. Mass multplicaton through bourdillonii, washed away four to fve mature trees of the vegetatve/ tssue culture techniques should also be species along with its associated endemic taxa (Image 3). atempted to prevent the extncton of this highly Immediate interventon is required from the forest threatened species. department to protect the extant populaton from further

14888 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14886–14890 Extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii Balan et al.

Image 1. Humboldta bourdillonii Prain: A—tree trunk ǀ B—stpules ǀ C—leaves ǀ D—pods ǀ E—pod, split-opened ǀ F—seed, young and matured. © Anoop P. Balan.

References (Fabaceae). Smithsonian Contributons to Zoology 603: 1–30. htps:// doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.603 Augustne, J. (2000). Floristc and Ethnobotanical Studies of Periyar Ramachandran, V.S., K. Swarupanandan & M. Sanjappa (2014). Status Tiger Reserve, Kerala. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, and distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii, an endangered tree 1204 pp. species of the Western Ghats, India. Tropical Ecology 55(1): 85–91. Augustne, J. (2002). Some threatened plants collected from Sabarimala Sasidharan, N. (1998). Rediscovery of four threatened and possibly and surrounding evergreen forests, Kerala. Indian Journal of Forestry extnct endemic tree legumes from Kerala. Higher Plants of Indian 25: 338–340. Subcontnent 8: 205–213. IUCN (2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. World Conservaton Monitoring Centre (1998). Humboldta ˂htps://www.iucnredlist.org˃ bourdillonii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: Krombein, K.V., B.B. Norden, M.M. Rickson & F.R. Rickson (1999). e.T31187A9606349. Downloaded on 17 November 2019. htps:// Biodiversity of the Domata Occupants (Ants, Wasps, Bees and doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31187A9606349.en others) of the Sri Lankan Myrmecophyte Humboldta laurifolia Vahl

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14886–14890 14889 Extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii Balan et al.

A

B

Image 2. Herbarium of Humboldta bourdillonii (MBGH Acc. No. Image 3. A & B—locaton of Humboldta bourdillonii in Vagamon 6788). Hills, before and afer the landslide. © Anoop P. Balan.

Threatened Taxa Figure 2. Locaton of Humboldta bourdillonii in landslide prone areas of Kerala (Map courtesy Kerala State Disaster Management Authority).

14890 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2019 | 11(14): 14886–14890

PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

November 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 14 | Pages: 14787–14926 Date of Publicaton: 26 November 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.14.14787-14926

Announcement Notes

The Sally Walker Conservaton Fund -- an appeal for support Vertebrate prey handling in the Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris – P. 14787 (Aves: Bucerotformes: Bucerotdae) – James A. Fitzsimons, Pp. 14891–14894 Communicatons Impact of cyclone Fani on the breeding success of sandbar-nestng birds Complementary bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) survey techniques uncover two along the Mahanadi River in , India new country records for Nigeria – Subrat Debata, Pp. 14895–14898 – Iroro Tanshi, Anthony Ekata Ogbeibu & Paul Jeremy James Bates, Pp. 14788–14801 First record of the micromoth Ethmia lineatonotella (Moore, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae: Ethmiinae) from Bone fractures in roadkill Northern Tamandua Tamandua mexicana – Jatshwor Singh Irungbam & Meenakshi Jatshwor Irungbam, (Mammalia: Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) in Costa Rica Pp. 14899–14901 – Randall Arguedas, Elisa C. López & Lizbeth Ovares, Pp. 14802–14807 Additonal distributon records of the rare Comma Barilius torsai (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a new freshwater fsh Polygonia c-album agnicula (Moore, 1872) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: from the Brahmaputra drainage, India Nymphalidae) from Rara Natonal Park, Nepal – Kavita Kumari, Manas Hoshalli Munivenkatappa, Archana Sinha, – Sanej Prasad Suwal, Biraj Shrestha, Binita Pandey, Bibek Shrestha, Prithivi Lal

Simanku Borah & Basanta Kumar Das, Pp. 14808–14815 Nepali, Kaashi Chandra Rokaya & Bimal Raj Shrestha, Pp. 14902–14905

Buterfy diversity throughout Midnapore urban area in , India A new distributon record of the gall midge Octodiplosis bispina Sharma – Surjyo Jyot Biswas, Debarun Patra, Soumyajit Roy, Santosh Kumar Giri, (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India Suman Paul & Asif Hossain, Pp. 14816–14826 – Duraikannu Vasanthakumar, Radheshyam Murlidhar Sharma & Palanisamy Senthilkumar, Pp. 14906–14907 Plant and fungi diversity of Devi Pindiyan Valley in Trikuta Hills of northwestern Himalaya, India New recruitment of staghorn corals in the Gulf of Mannar - – Sajan Thakur, Harish Chander Dut, Bikarma Singh, Yash Pal Sharma, Nawang the emergence of a resilient coral reef Tashi, Rajender Singh Charak, Geeta Sharma, Om Prakash Vidyarthi, Tasir Iqbal, – Koushik Sadhukhan, Ramesh Chatragadda, T. Shanmugaraj & Bishander Singh & Kewal Kumar, Pp. 14827–14844 M.V. Ramana Murthy, Pp. 14908–14911

A checklist of rust fungi from , India New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf – Ajay Kumar Gautam & Shubhi Avasthi, Pp. 14845–14861 – Parviz Tavakoli-Kolour & Sanaz Hazraty-Kari, Pp. 14912–134913

The distributon of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) from the paddy felds of Crepidium aphyllum (Orchidaceae), a new record from Bhutan Patan and Karad tehsils of Satara District, , India – Kinley Rabgay & Pankaj Kumar, Pp. 14914–14916 – Sharada Jagannath Ghadage & Vaneeta Chandrashekhar Karande, Pp. 14862–14869 Rediscovery, afer over a century, of the endemic climbing vine Argyreia lawii (Convolvulaceae) from the Western Ghats of India Short Communicatons – Pramod R. Lawand, Rajaram V. Gurav & Vinod B. Shimpale, Pp. 14917–14920 Cordia difusa K.C. Jacob, the Kovai Manjack (Boraginaceae): a highly threatened steno-endemic species from Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu, India Linostoma decandrum (Roxb. ) Wall. ex Endl. (Thymelaeaceae): – S. Arumugam, K. Sampath Kumar, B. Karthik & V. Ravichandran, Pp. 14870– an additon to the fora of Andaman Islands, India 14875 – L. Rasingam & K. Karthigeyan, Pp. 14921–14922

New distributon records in the orchid fora of Tripura, India On the foral biology and pollinaton of a rare Twining Liana – Arjun Adit, Monika Koul & Rajesh Tandon, Pp. 14876–14885 Sarcolobus carinatus Wall. (Asclepiadoideae: Apocynaceae) in Coringa Mangrove Forest, , India Notes on the extended distributon of Humboldta bourdillonii (Fabales: – A.J. Solomon Raju, Pp. 14923–14926 Fabaceae), an Endangered tree legume in the Western Ghats, India – Anoop P. Balan, A.J. Robi & S.V. Predeep, Pp. 14886–14890

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