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Utilization Pattern, Distribution, and Tree Diversity of Betalghat Block, Nainital District (Western Himalaya) by Naveen Ch

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Utilization Pattern, Distribution, and Tree Diversity of Betalghat Block, Nainital District (Western Himalaya) by Naveen Ch Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science Volume 18 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2018 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Utilization Pattern, Distribution, and Tree Diversity of Betalghat Block, Nainital District (Western Himalaya) By Naveen Ch. Pandey, Neha Chopra, G. C. Joshi, Lalit M. Tewari & Y. P. S. Pangtey Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute Abstract- The Himalayan region is the repository of socio-cultural and biological diversity with high valued plants. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to document the diversity, distribution and utilization pattern of trees in the Betalghat Block of Nainital District (Western Himalaya). A total of 148 species belongs to 109 genera, and 50 families were recorded from the study area. Maximum numbers of species were reported in the altitudinal zone 1001-1500m followed by the altitudinal zone, 500-1000m. Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, Lauraceae, Sapindaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Myrtaceae were the dominant families. For each species, botanical and vernacular names, multipurpose uses (Fuel, fodder, edible, medicinal, timber, agricultural tools, religious, ornamental, avenue, and fiber) were provided. For the conservation of economically viable plant species prioritization, reforestation, and forest rehabilitation is required. Keywords: trees, diversity, distribution, utilization pattern, PRA tools, betalghat. GJSFR-C Classification: FOR Code: 069999 UtilizationPatternDistributionandTreeDiversityofBetalghatBlockNainitalDistrictWesternHimalaya Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2018. Naveen Ch. Pandey, Neha Chopra, G. C. Joshi, Lalit M. Tewari & Y. P. S. Pangtey. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Utilization Pattern, Distribution, and Tree Diversity of Betalghat Block, Nainital District (Western Himalaya) α σ ρ Ѡ ¥ Naveen Ch. Pandey , Neha Chopra , G. C. Joshi , Lalit M. Tewari & Y. P. S. Pangtey Abstract- The Himalayan region is the repository of socio- plays an important role in prevention of soil erosion and cultural and biological diversity with high valued plants. increasing the water holding capacity, improving and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to securing the soil (Chavda and Mehta, 2015). Woody 2018 document the diversity, distribution and utilization pattern of r vegetation is used as fuel wood, food for humans and ea trees in the Betalghat Block of Nainital District (Western animals, medicine, dyes, fiber, and forage for livestock. Y Himalaya). A total of 148 species belongs to 109 genera, and 50 families were recorded from the study area. Maximum Maximum wood of the forests is used as fuel in the 491 numbers of species were reported in the altitudinal zone 1001- world. Reduction of this resource can have negative 1500m followed by the altitudinal zone, 500-1000m. Fabaceae, effect on the prosperity of some populations (Chavda Moraceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Mehta, 2015). Forest is also very important in Lauraceae, Sapindaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, absorption of carbon, maintaining the oxygen balance in V Euphorbiaceae, and Myrtaceae were the dominant families. environment and losing of excess of water in the form of II For each species, botanical and vernacular names, water vapours through transpiration (Sandhyarani et al., ue ersion I multipurpose uses (Fuel, fodder, edible, medicinal, timber, s 2007; Mulia et al., 2010; Chavda and Mehta, 2015). s agricultural tools, religious, ornamental, avenue, and fiber) Uttarakhand is a part of Indian Himalayan I were provided. For the conservation of economically viable Region (IHR) situated at latitudes 28043’45”-3108’10” N plant species prioritization, reforestation, and forest XVIII 0 0 rehabilitation is required. and longitudes 77 35’5”- 81 2’25” E (Uniyal et al., 2007). Keywords: trees, diversity, distribution, utilization pattern, Many workers have worked in this region ethnobotanically and floristically; i.e., Osmaston, 1927; PRA tools, betalghat. Gupta, 1968; Kalakoti, 1983; Pandey, 1985; Pant, 1986; ) I. Introduction Pangtey and Rawat, 1987; Pangtey et al., 1988b; Gaur, C 1999; Joshi and Joshi, 2001; Tewari et al., 2010; Kumari ( egetation is the most precious gift of nature which et al., 2011; Rawat and Vishvakarma, 2011; Sharma et provided all kinds of essential requirements of the al., 2011; Gangwar and Gangwar, 2011; Yadav and humans in the form of food, fodder, fuel, medicine, V Bisht, 2013; Kanwal and Joshi, 2015; Pande et al., 2016; Research Volume timber and oil, etc. (Anderson, 1986; Gaur, 1999). Pandey et al., 2016, 2017; Singh et al., 2017; Arya et al., Species diversity is a component of biological 2018; Joshi et al., 2018. In recent years, documentation communities and different methods are utilized to of traditional knowledge on floral diversity becomes a Frontier quantify it (Krebs, 1988). Floristic studies have required prerequisite to preserve traditional system of a region. utmost importance in recent years in response to the Therefore, in the present study, a contribution has been need of developing and under developing countries to made for diversity, distribution and utilization pattern of assess their plant wealth (Vediya and Kharadi, 2011; Science trees of Betalghat Block of Nainital district (Western Patel et al., 2014). In the dry regions, trees play a role in of Himalaya) with botanical name, vernacular name, and maintaining an ecological balance and to enhance the family and ethnobotanical uses for further research. life style of peoples. If we see the role of trees in rural landscape in a functional and expanded form then we Journal II. Materials And Methods can understood its importance (FAO, 1989a; Chavda and Mehta, 2015). In the world, trees have always been associated a) Geographical description of the study area Global with wisdom and immorality. Some trees also play a role The study was conducted in twelve sites of in many of the world’s mythologies. Woody vegetation Betalghat block (Nainital District) viz. Chimariya, Dhari- Kherni, Digthari, Simtaya, Phalyani, Padli, Bhowali, Kainchi, Dhunikhal, Kanda, Pankatara and Bhatrojkhan Author α ρ: Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute, (RARI) CCRAS, of Nainital district (during year 2016-2018) lies between Thapla, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India. 29038’925” North latitude and 79049’465” East longitude, e-mail: [email protected] covering an area of 256.33 Km2 an altitudinal range Author σ Ѡ ¥: Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India. varies from 700 to 1800 m asl (Fig. 1). The study area is ©2018 Global Journals Utilization Pattern, Distribution, and Tree Diversity of Betalghat Block, Nainital District (Western Himalaya) bounded by Tarikhet, Bhikyasain, and Sult block of trees and their economic uses and dependency of Almora district and Kotabag and Ramgarh block of community on species. Participatory Rural Appraisal Nainital district. The vegetation mainly comprises of the (PRA) tools (Silverman, 2005) were used to carry out the tropical, sub-tropical and temperate forest. study. The study is based on the identification of tree species with the help of local/rural peoples, farmers, b) Climate traditional knowledge holders to know the local names Long snowy winter and summer season is the and multipurpose uses of the collected plants. The characterized features of the climate of Nainital District. plant’s specimens were collected and identified with the It is temperate and monsoon type (Singh and Singh, help of different floras and manuscripts, standard 1992) having four distinct seasons viz., monsoon (July literature (Osmaston, 1927; Gupta, 1968; Gaur, 1999, to September), post-monsoon (October to November), Joshi et al., 2018) and matched with the herbarium winter (December to January) and summer (April to mid- specimen of Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute, June). Standard instrument was used to obtain the (RARI) CCRAS, Ranikhet. The well-preserved plant 2018 climatic data. The average rainfall is 1800 mm. The 0 specimens were deposited in the Department of Botany, r maximum temperature in the Nainital district is 42.2 C ea 0 Kumaun University, Nainital. Y and, the maximum is -5.4 C. 50 c) Data collection and sample identification 1 Primary as well as secondary sources were used to collect the information on species diversity of V II ue ersion I s s I XVIII ) C ( Research Volume Frontier Science of Fig. 1: Map of the study area (Source- http://www.uttaranchal.org.uk) Journal III. Results And Discussions species) and Gymnosperms (four families, six genera and, seven species). Out of 50 families recorded a) Diversity Fabaceae (17 species) is the most diverse family, Global The people living in this region are totally followed by Moraceae (14 species), Rosaceae dependent on the biological resources. The integral part (8 species), Salicaceae (7 species), Malvaceae of their economy and their livelihood are agriculture and (6 species), Anacardiaceae, Lauraceae, and livestock. The local inhabitants of the study area have a Sapindaceae (5 species each), Apocynac eae,
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