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Samuel Ironside in New Zealand Samuel Ironside in New Zealand 1 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand First published 1982 RAY RICHARDS PUBLISHER 49 Aberdeen Road, Auckland, New Zealand in association with the Wesley Historical Society of New Zealand 8 Tampin Road, Manurewa, Auckland © Wesley A. Chambers ISBN 0-908596-154 Designed by Don Sinclair Typeset by Linotype Services (P.N.) Ltd Printed and bound by Colorcraft Ltd. 2 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand Contents Dedication Preface by Sir John Marshall Introduction Chapter 1 Sons of Sheffield 2 The Outworking of the Inner Force 3 The Journey Out, 1839 4 Mangungu, 1839-1840 5 Kawhia, 1840 6 Cloudy Bay, Seedbed of the Mission 7 Pioneering in Cloudy Bay, 1840-1843 8 Port Nicholson, 1843-1849 9 Nelson, the Happiest Years in New Zealand 1849-1855 10 New Plymouth 1855-1858 11 Epilogue Appendix 1 The War in New Zealand 2 Wesleyan Missionaries in New Zealand 3 Tributes to Samuel Ironside Bibliography2 3 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF FRANK SMITH JP AND M. A. RUGBY PRATT FR HIST Soc To these two men this book is largely indebted, and gratefully dedicated. Frank Smith had a lifelong interest in Samuel Ironside. As a boy he looked from the veranda of the family home down the length of Port Underwood where Samuel Ironside lived during the short episode of the Cloudy Bay Mission. His farm homestead view looked up to the hill where the victims of the Wairau affray lie buried. Intrigued by the stories of the past, Frank Smith grew to be the man who was the embodiment of Wairau history. Active in the local historical society, he advocated the establishment of a Marlborough museum and collected priceless articles for it. As an old man he was listened to by hundreds of school children from both sides of Cook Strait, and he fired their imaginations with stories of the past in Marlborough. This interest was also shared by M. A. Rugby Pratt who, with Frank Smith, more than once shared a common platform when talking about Samuel Ironside. As a lad in Tasmania, Rugby Pratt walked to church arm in arm with the old man who is the subject of this book, and listened to his tales of missionary service among the Maori people and of life in early colonial New Zealand. As Methodist connexional secretary and custodian of early records, Rugby Pratt had access to such archives as the Methodist Church then possessed, and he enriched that collection by bringing to New Zealand all Methodist missionary correspondence relating to New Zealand prior to 1855. Among these were the letters of James Watkin, subject of Pratt’s book Pioneering Days in Southern Maoriland, and the letters of Samuel Ironside, whose biography he was hoping to prepare. His death terminated the work, but when the present volume was proposed his son, the late Allan Pratt of Diamond Harbour, gladly made his father’s material available. It was Frank Smith’s hope that Samuel Ironside would eventually be introduced to a much wider public. To make this dream come true he made available to the Wesley Historical Society of New Zealand, the funds necessary to publish this book. To these gentlemen, Frank Smith and Rugby Pratt— now sharing in the church triumphant with Samuel Ironside, this volume is respectfully dedicated. 4 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand Preface The writing of this book has been a labour of love and love’s labour has not, in this case, been lost. The book begins, as all biographies should, with the family and social background of Samuel Ironside. In early nineteenth century England, within the Wesleyan community, there was a missionary urge to go to the ends of the earth to bring the good news of the Gospel to benighted heathen lands. New Zealand was indeed at the end of the earth and its people came within the then definition of “heathen”. This was the challenge which Samuel Ironside, then 24 years of age, and his young wife Sarah, accepted in 1838. After a voyage lasting six months they arrived in March 1839 at the Methodist mission station on the banks of the Hokianga River in North Auckland, and so began a saga of missionary endeavour of heroic proportions. Samuel Ironside was well named. Samuel with its biblical flavour, Ironside going back to the Saxon kings and with a Cromwellian Puritan connotation, these conjure up the picture of a man of great courage, indomitable in the face of adversity, zealous, devout, always abounding in the work of the Lord — and so he was. He learned to speak Maori fluently in five months and as quickly absorbed the lore and customs of the Maori people. In less than a year he had become influential enough to be able to encourage the Hokianga Chiefs to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, on which his name appears as a witness. He then went from the comparative comfort of Hokianga to the more isolated mission station on the Kawhia Harbour, from which he travelled over the bush tracks and along the beaches bringing the good news to the scattered tribes. It is of more than passing interest to read the diary note, “We were struck with the appearance of the sand, there was a large quantity of iron ore mixed with it.” Did they imagine that one day that sand would support a great industry? That could well have been, for Samuel Ironside was a son of Sheffield, the city of steel. In the winter of 1840, with two colleagues, he travelled on foot as far south as Wanganui and back to Kawhia “up precipitous hills, down deep ravines, across nasty swamps”, to quote the diary again. But there were pleasanter passages through open country and in hospitable Maori villages where they preached and were well received. They surveyed the opportunities for more mission stations and found that the fields were all sown but the labourers few. Ironside moved on to Cloudy Bay and the Marlborough Sounds, where European whaling stations had preceded the Christian mission stations, to the detriment of the Maori population, who were already torn asunder by their own tribal wars. There Ironside laboured for three years. The seedbed was ready. The Maoris accepted the Christian message willingly. After only two years he was able to report to the mission 5 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand secretaries in London that he had thirty local preachers, 600 church members, 1500 hearers and sixteen chapels. But underneath were the smouldering fires of Maori resentment against the European encroachment on their lands, which suddenly burst into the flames of the Wairau “massacre”. The Maoris of the Marlborough Sounds, fearing reprisals, dispersed to safer places. The Cloudy Bay mission died with the victims. In July 1843 Samuel and Sarah Ironside repaired to the infant settlement of Wellington. He assisted in the building of the first Wesleyan chapel on the corner of Cuba and Manners Streets, on land still owned by the Church and now the site of a modern shopping mall. He continued to minister to both European and Maori but relationships were strained and the missionaries sat uneasily between the two races. Christian conciliation prevailed in the end but they were anxious times. The story of Wellington in its first decade makes fascinating reading, not least his description of the great earthquake of 1848 which wrecked his home and his church. From 1849 to 1855 he spent his happiest years in New Zealand in the more peaceful and prosperous community of Nelson. He became involved in education, in the temperance movement, the literary institutions and, believe it or not, politics. He maintained his contact with the Maoris in Cloudy Bay and the adjacent sounds and at the same time ministered to a circuit of several European congregations. This happy time was followed by a successful but turbulent term in New Plymouth with personal dissension within the circuit and dissatisfaction within the community on the Maori land claims. The Maoris were belligerent. British troops garrisoned the town. In this uneasy peace, broken at times by outbreaks of fighting, Ironside got a new church built and a parsonage purchased. But his days of strenuous exertions in New Zealand were numbered. At his own request in 1858 he moved to Australia. The value of this book is not only in the story of a remarkable man and his devoted wife, but also in the detailed account of aspects of life in the first two decades of colonial New Zealand. As such it has great historical interest, supported by copious references to source material, indicative of meticulous research on the part of the author. For ministers of all denominations who may buy this book it will provide the bonus of many stories for many sermons. Sir John Marshall 6 Samuel Ironside in New Zealand Introduction This is the story of Samuel Ironside, Wesleyan missionary in New Zealand from 1839 to 1858. It does not aim to be a full biography, for Samuel Ironside spent half of his ministry in New Zealand and the other half in Australia. Nor is it a full biography in the sense of being a study of his character, although it is hoped that something of his character will emerge. It is an endeavour to gather together the fragments of information contained in his writings scattered in church records, museums, libraries and newspaper offices throughout New Zealand, Australia and Great Britain, and to give a connected account of the part he played in early colonial New Zealand. A cutler by trade and a Wesleyan missionary by vocation, Samuel Ironside is well known for the part he played in burying the victims of the Wairau tragedy, yet his true reputation is based on a much wider reference.
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