Uma Análise Atualizada Dos Étimos Chineses No Glossário Luso-Asiático De Sebastião R

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Uma Análise Atualizada Dos Étimos Chineses No Glossário Luso-Asiático De Sebastião R UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOLOGIA E LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA AMILTON JORGE DA COSTA REIS Uma análise atualizada dos étimos chineses no Glossário luso-asiático de Sebastião R. Dalgado VERSÃO CORRIGIDA São Paulo 2020 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOLOGIA E LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA Uma análise atualizada dos étimos chineses no Glossário luso-asiático de Sebastião R. Dalgado VERSÃO CORRIGIDA AMILTON JORGE DA COSTA REIS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filologia e Língua Portuguesa da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mário Eduardo Viaro São Paulo 2020 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Universidade de São Paulo R375a REIS, Amilton Jorge da Costa Uma análise atualizada dos étimos chineses no Glossário luso-asiático de Sebastião R. Dalgado / Amilton Jorge da Costa Reis; orientador Mário Eduardo Viaro. – São Paulo, 2020. 187 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas. Área de concentração: Filologia e Língua Portuguesa. ETIMOLOGIA, LINGUÍSTICA HISTÓRICA, LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA, LÍNGUA CHINESA, MORFOLOGIA DIACRÔNICA. I. Eduardo Viaro, Mário orient. II. Título. REIS, A. J. C. Uma análise atualizada dos étimos chineses no Glossário luso-asiático de Sebastião R. Dalgado. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filologia e Língua Portuguesa da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. Antonio J. B. de Menezes Jr Instituição: FFLCH – USP Julgamento:___________________ Assinatura:____________________ Prof. Dr. Bruno Oliveira Maroneze Instituição: FACALE – UFGD Julgamento:___________________ Assinatura:____________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Chagas de Souza Instituição: FFLCH – USP Julgamento:___________________ Assinatura:____________________ AGRADECIMENTOS Ao amigo e orientador, Prof. Dr. Mário Eduardo Viaro, pela confiança e pelo incentivo desde sempre. Aos professores Antonio José Bezerra de Menezes Jr e Paulo Chagas de Souza, pelas preciosas indicações dadas no exame de qualificação. Aos professores das disciplinas de mestrado Flaviane Romani Svartman, Paulo Gonçalves Segundo e Mário Eduardo Viaro, pelos conhecimentos transmitidos. A todos os mestres de chinês que já tive – nas salas de aula e fora delas –, desde o longínquo ano de 1991. E, em especial, ao meu querido Sun Lidong, pelo apoio dedicado, imensurável e imprescindível em cada etapa. Muito obrigado. “Foram pescados no mare magnum da literatura portuguesa oriental milhares de vocábulos, um grande número dos quais não foram até hoje registados nos dicionários, e que, por um motivo ou outro, têm direito a entrar no léxico pátrio.” Sebastião Dalgado RESUMO No início do século XX, o orientalista goês Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado (1855–1922) coligiu, em seu Glossário luso-asiático (1919–1921), os vocábulos de origem asiática encontrados em obras sobre o Oriente escritas por autores portugueses desde o século XVI. Com base em extensa pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, Dalgado produziu um dicionário histórico-etimológico com mais de cinco mil verbetes abundantemente comentados, abonações apresentadas em ordem cronológica e étimos de pelo menos 25 idiomas da Ásia. Essa obra, não poucas vezes descrita – com justiça – como monumental, tem servido, ao longo do último século, como principal referência para a etimologia das palavras de origem asiática no léxico português. O conjunto dos étimos chineses propostos em suas páginas, no entanto, jamais foi objeto de uma revisão completa. O presente estudo reúne os verbetes de origem supostamente chinesa localizados nos dois volumes da obra e revisa a etimologia apontada pelo autor. As hipóteses apresentadas por Dalgado são analisadas à luz de novos dados e argumentos que permitam confirmar os étimos ou construir novas proposições etimológicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Etimologia, Linguística Histórica, Língua Portuguesa, Língua Chinesa, Morfologia Diacrônica ABSTRACT At the beginning of the 20th century, the Goan orientalist Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado (1855–1922) compiled in his Glossário luso-asiático (1919–1921) thousands of words of Asian origin used in descriptions of East Asia by Portuguese authors since the 16th century. Based on extensive research, Dalgado produced a historical- etymological dictionary with more than five thousand entries containing extensive notes, citations in chronological order, and etymologies from at least 25 Asian languages. Over the last century, Dalgado’s magnum opus has been a major reference in the study of Asian loanwords in Portuguese. The Chinese etyma posited in his work, however, have never undergone a thorough review. This dissertation focuses on the words of Chinese origin included in both volumes of the Glossário luso-asiático and verifies the etymologies given by the author. Dalgado’s hypotheses are analysed in the light of new data and arguments in order to confirm the etyma or offer new etymological propositions. KEYWORDS: Etymology, Historical Linguistics, Portuguese Language, Chinese Language, Diachronic Morphology. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Mapa da Ásia Marítima Oriental ................................................................................... 40 Figura 2 – Gráfico esquemático da divisão dos dialetos chineses modernos ............................... 47 Figura 3 – Mapa da distribuição dos grupos dialetais na China .................................................... 48 Figura 4 – Estrutura silábica do mandarim .................................................................................... 53 Figura 5 – Tons do mandarim ........................................................................................................ 56 Figura 6 – Tons do cantonês .......................................................................................................... 56 Figura 7 – Categorização das etimologias do Glossário .............................................................. 172 Figura 8 – Campos semânticos dos empréstimos chineses ........................................................ 173 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 – Cronologia das obras publicadas por Sebastião Dalgado ................................ 21 Tabela 2 – Fontes das abonações mais antigas dos vocábulos chineses no Glossário ..... 27 Tabela 3 – Transformações em início de sílaba ................................................................ 45 Tabela 4 – Quadro ilustrativo de diferenças dialetais ....................................................... 52 Tabela 5 – Iniciais (mandarim) .......................................................................................... 54 Tabela 6 – Rimas (mandarim) ............................................................................................ 54 Tabela 7 – Comparação de tons em cognatos .................................................................. 56 Tabela 8 – Comparação de contornos tonais em dialetos nortistas ................................. 57 Tabela 9 – Mudança diacrônica dos tons .......................................................................... 57 Tabela 10 – Quadro comparativo de romanizações do mandarim pré-moderno ............ 62 Tabela 11 – Quadro comparativo de romanizações do mandarim moderno ................... 64 Tabela 12 – Atribuição de graus de certeza a partir de índices da etimologia proposta . 70 Tabela 13 – Transcrição das consoantes iniciais do mandarim pré-moderno .................. 71 LISTA DE ABREVIAÇÕES E SÍMBOLOS cant. cantonês esp. espanhol fr. francês hok. hokkien ingl. inglês ital. italiano mac. macaense mais us. mais usado (observação de Sebastião Dalgado) mal. malaio mand. mandarim *x x é reconstruído x ≈ y x e y são variantes x / y x e y são transcrições alternativas x > y x transforma-se em y x < y x provém de y x → y x deriva morfologicamente y <x> x é um grafema ou uma sequência de grafemas x※ x não era dicionarizado até a publicação do Glossário luso-asiático SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................... 14 1. MONSENHOR DALGADO E O GLOSSÁRIO LUSO-ASIÁTICO ................................... 17 1.1 SEBASTIÃO RODOLFO DALGADO .......................................................................... 17 1.2 O GLOSSÁRIO LUSO-ASIÁTICO ............................................................................. 22 2. A PRESENÇA PORTUGUESA NO ORIENTE ............................................................ 32 2.1 MALACA ........................................................................................................ 32 2.2 CANTÃO ........................................................................................................ 34 2.3 ENTRE LIAMPÓ E CHINCHÉU ................................................................................ 35 2.4 MACAU ........................................................................................................
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