DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultural Diplomacy at the Front Stage of Canada's Foreign Policy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

1 For more information please contact us: by email: [email protected] by mail: The Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade Senate, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0A4 This report can be downloaded at: https://sencanada.ca/en/committees/aefa The Senate is on Twitter: @SenateCA, follow the committee using the hashtag #AEFA Ce rapport est également offert en français 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 5 COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP ........................................................................................................................ 7 The Honourable Senators ................................................................................................................... 7 ORDER OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................ 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 13 LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................. 17 LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................... 19 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 21 I. CULTURE AND THE ARTS IN CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY TODAY ...................................................... 26 Defining Cultural Diplomacy ................................................................................................................. 26 The Value of Cultural Diplomacy .......................................................................................................... 27 The Relevance of Cultural Diplomacy to Canada’s Foreign Policy ..................................................... 29 Promoting Canada’s Brand ............................................................................................................... 31 The Benefits to Canada’s Economy ................................................................................................. 32 Canada’s Cultural Diplomacy in Practice ............................................................................................. 35 Canada’s Cultural “Ambassadors” ................................................................................................... 35 Federal Institutions and Initiatives Involved in Promoting and Disseminating Arts and Culture Internationally .............................................................................................................. 39 The Federal Government’s Role in Cultural Diplomacy .................................................................. 41 II. CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON FEDERAL CULTURAL DIPLOMACY EFFORTS .......................................... 44 Undervalued and Outdated .................................................................................................................. 44 Fragmented Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 48 Insufficient Investment and Support ................................................................................................... 49 The Consequences ................................................................................................................................ 52 III. A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR CULTURAL DIPLOMACY .................................................................. 56 The Principles of Canada’s Cultural Diplomacy ................................................................................... 56 Projecting a Modern Image of Canada ............................................................................................ 57 Identifying Commercial Opportunities ............................................................................................ 59 3 Being more People-focused ............................................................................................................. 60 Strengthening International Collaboration ...................................................................................... 62 Supporting Innovative Approaches and Thinking ........................................................................... 64 Ensuring that the Prioritization of Cultural Diplomacy Endures ..................................................... 66 The Structural Foundation of Canada’s Cultural Diplomacy ............................................................... 66 Defined Goals and Objectives .......................................................................................................... 67 Sufficient Levels of Investment ........................................................................................................ 68 Improved Collaboration among Governments ................................................................................ 70 A Comprehensive Performance Measurement ............................................................................... 72 A Unified System to Advance the Strategy ...................................................................................... 74 Implementing the Strategy ................................................................................................................... 76 Engaging Canada’s Diplomatic Network .......................................................................................... 77 Maximizing Promotional Activities ................................................................................................... 80 Promoting Canadian Studies Abroad ............................................................................................... 82 Facilitating Artist Mobility................................................................................................................. 83 Reducing Fiscal Barriers .................................................................................................................... 84 Prioritizing Countries and Regions ................................................................................................... 85 Considering the Recognition of the Artist’s Resale Rights .............................................................. 86 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Appendix A - Expenditures by federal institutions on creating, promoting and disseminating Canadians arts, culture or heritage internationally, (Actual expenditures), 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 (in $ millions) ................................................................................................ 91 Appendix B - Domains in the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics ............................................. 95 Appendix C - List of Witnesses .................................................................................................................. 97 Appendix D - Briefs ..................................................................................................................................101 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Canada’s culture and arts are uniquely placed to further international relations and enrich our foreign policy. It was with this understanding that the Standing Senate committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (the “committee”) undertook to study and better understand the role played by the culture and arts in today’s ever changing international environment. Informed by expert witness testimony, the committee found that the full potential of cultural diplomacy, as a pillar of Canada’s foreign policy, has yet to be maximized. The committee held 27 meetings, and heard from more than 64 witnesses representing a wide range of sectors. The committee heard from academics, representatives of the cultural and arts community, international experts, officials and representatives from other countries, as well as Canadian government officials. We are grateful to all of the witnesses for sharing their knowledge and expertise. I would like to personally acknowledge the commitment, expertise and enthusiasm of all Senators who participated in this study and engaged thoughtfully with the content. As usual, I wish to acknowledge the contributions of the members of the steering committee: Senator Paul Massicotte, Deputy Chair of the committee, Senator Dennis Dawson, member of the sub-committee on agenda and procedure, and former Deputy Chair of the committee, the Honourable Anne Cools. On behalf of the committee, I would like extend our sincere appreciation to the Senate staff involved in all aspects of the realization of this report. We are grateful to our Library of Parliament analysts, Marion Ménard, Natalie Mychajlyszyn, and Pascal Tremblay, who worked tirelessly to consolidate hours of testimony. Their expertise, professionalism and diligence is reflected in the pages of this report. A special thank you is extended to Marie-Eve Belzile, Clerk of the committee, along with her staff in the Committee’s Directorate.
Recommended publications
  • Cultural Diplomacy and the National Interest

    Cultural Diplomacy and the National Interest

    Cultural Diplomacy and The National Interest Cultural Diplomacy and The National Interest: In Search of a 21st-Century Perspective Overview Interest in public and cultural diplomacy, after a long post-Cold War decline, has surged in the last few years. This new focus inside and outside government has two causes: first, the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the perception that the U.S. is losing a war of culture against Islamic extremists; and second, the documented global collapse of positive public sentiment toward the U.S. But the task facing policy leaders – translating interest into action – must accommodate the reality that government cultural work has been diminished in scope even as trade in cultural products and Internet communication has increased the complexity and informal character of cross-cultural communication. The current state of U.S. cultural and public diplomacy has been reviewed by numerous special commissions and elite bodies, ranging from the 9/11 Commission to the RAND Corporation, from Congress’s Governmental Accountability Office (GAO) to the Council on Foreign Relations. Resulting recommendations have emphasized increased funding, better coordination, increased State Department programming, and more private-sector partnership to support programming that the State Department and governmental broadcasting outlets are already producing. However, because cultural work constitutes a long-term, diffuse, and largely immeasurable solution to a pressing problem in an age of quick fixes, the larger concept of cultural diplomacy – defined most broadly as the propagation of American culture and ideals around the world – tends to get short shift in these presentations. In addition, the lion’s share of The Curb Center for Art, American cultural content is conveyed by private-sector film, recording, and Enterprise, and Public Policy at Vanderbilt broadcasting industries, functioning beyond the realm of official policy objectives.
  • House & Senate

    House & Senate

    HOUSE & SENATE COMMITTEES / 63 HOUSE &SENATE COMMITTEES ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PRIVACY AND Meili Faille, Vice-Chair (BQ)......................47 A complete list of all House Standing Andrew Telegdi, Vice-Chair (L)..................44 and Sub-Committees, Standing Joint ETHICS / L’ACCÈS À L’INFORMATION, DE LA PROTECTION DES RENSEIGNEMENTS Omar Alghabra, Member (L).......................38 Committees, and Senate Standing Dave Batters, Member (CON) .....................36 PERSONNELS ET DE L’ÉTHIQUE Committees. Includes the committee Barry Devolin, Member (CON)...................40 clerks, chairs, vice-chairs, and ordinary Richard Rumas, Committee Clerk Raymond Gravel, Member (BQ) .................48 committee members. Phone: 613-992-1240 FAX: 613-995-2106 Nina Grewal, Member (CON) .....................32 House of Commons Committees Tom Wappel, Chair (L)................................45 Jim Karygiannis, Member (L)......................41 Directorate Patrick Martin, Vice-Chair (NDP)...............37 Ed Komarnicki, Member (CON) .................36 Phone: 613-992-3150 David Tilson, Vice-Chair (CON).................44 Bill Siksay, Member (NDP).........................33 Sukh Dhaliwal, Member (L)........................32 FAX: 613-996-1962 Blair Wilson, Member (IND).......................33 Carole Lavallée, Member (BQ) ...................48 Senate Committees and Private Glen Pearson, Member (L) ..........................43 ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE Legislation Branch Scott Reid, Member (CON) .........................43 DEVELOPMENT / ENVIRONNEMENT
  • The Use of Cultural Diplomacy by Brazilian Government Abstract The

    The Use of Cultural Diplomacy by Brazilian Government Abstract The

    1 Building a new strategy: the use of Cultural Diplomacy by Brazilian Government Abstract The paper will explore the co-relation between diplomacy and culture when States seek for power in the international arena. We postulate that countries with an interest to push the current power structure – and change today’s established order – can try to use cultural assets to enforce their own interests and values at the international arena. Considering that culture becomes an apparatus to achieve power and transform international society, we hypothesize that emerging powers - introduced lately at International Society - could articulate their positions by associating culture and diplomacy – an essential institution of international society. The instrumentalization of culture by Cultural Diplomacy contributes to these countries becoming more reputable in the international environment and tends to re- structure the balance of power. We propose to use the Brazilian case to illustrate our proposition. In this way, the paper will especially work with literature about International Cultural Relations and its intersection with Cultural History. The works of Robert Frank, Pascal Ory and Anaïs Fléchét will offer the main contribution for this argument. Introduction The research presented here intends to be a contribution to International Relations research field, especially by incorporating elements of Cultural History and by reflection on identity issues and on Brazilian international projection in the twenty-first century. Thus, from the study of the Brazilian cultural diplomacy strategies in the beginning of this century – period of major changes in the organization of international relations of Brazil –, we aim to demonstrate how countries considered ‘emerging poles’ (LIMA, 2010) can and make use of mechanisms created by States established in International Society.
  • The Role of Study-Abroad Students in Cultural Diplomacy: Toward an International Education As Soft Action Madalina Akli, Ph.D

    The Role of Study-Abroad Students in Cultural Diplomacy: Toward an International Education As Soft Action Madalina Akli, Ph.D

    International Research and Review: Journal of Phi Beta Delta Volume 2, Issue 1, Fall 2012 Honor Society for International Scholars ISSN: 2167-8669 Publication URL: http://www.phibetadelta.org/publications.php The Role of Study-Abroad Students in Cultural Diplomacy: Toward an International Education as Soft Action Madalina Akli, Ph.D. Rice University Abstract This paper argues that study-abroad students should be at the center of cultural diplomacy. It recognizes that students can engage in soft action to establish intercultural dialogue. They develop and sustain relationships with people from host countries through cultural immersion and education. Study-abroad students are encouraged to proactively claim their cultural diplomacy role, and thereby cause a shift from formal soft power, traditionally concentrated in embassies and the diplomatic corps, to informal soft action in daily life abroad. With the recent development of a plethora of study-abroad opportunities, soft power can be re-configured by students and educators who cross national borders. Consequently, they are the potential agents of a paradigm shift regarding cultural diplomacy and international education: they are today’s new unofficial cultural diplomats. Key words: international education, study abroad, student cultural ambassadors, cultural diplomacy, soft action A Brief Historical Overview of U.S. International Education: A Diversity of Rationales and Purposes From a historical perspective, the development of international education from 1945 to 1970, although dynamic,
  • Culture Report Eunic Yearbook 2011 Culture Report Eunic Yearbook 2011

    Culture Report Eunic Yearbook 2011 Culture Report Eunic Yearbook 2011

    CULTURE REPORT EUNIC YEARBOOK 2011 CULTURE REPORT EUNIC YEARBOOK 2011 Cultural relations are the glue that holds alliances together. The geopolitics of the 21st century mean we need to see a revival of cultural diplomacy. China and India are already expanding their external cultural policies. Despite Europe‘s huge cultural diversity, the EU has still not developed an adequate cultural strategy for its foreign policy. The establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS) provides an opportunity to tighten up and co-ordinate the EU‘s existing cultural foreign policy. In this edition of the Culture Report, 30 authors from 20 different countries examine what this all means. Foreword: Crisis and new awakenings by Sebastian Körber 4 CHAPTER 1: EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVES A Brave New World - Globalisation as Europe’s touchstone by Yang Lian 8 All talk and no action by Mai’a K. Davis Cross 20 Art at the heart of mainstream entertainment – an interview by Regis Debray with Frédéric Martel 28 Seizing the day by André Azoulay 38 The cultural revolution by Reem Kassem 45 A gateway to two worlds by Julie Chénot 48 Welcome to the real world by André Lemos 54 A union of double standards by Mahir Namur 60 2 Contents Moving the chairs in the global boardroom by Rajeef Balasubramanyam 64 Europe‘s forgotten fringes by Jurko Prochasko 70 Peeking through the open window by Hela Kamarou 78 CHAPTER 2: EUROPE IN THE WORLD THE WORLD IN EUROPE Now is the time by Robert Palmer 86 Common spaces by Gerhard Sabathil 96 A necessity, not a luxury by Marietje Schaake
  • Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution Introduction In his poem, The Second Coming (1919), William Butler Yeats captured the moment we are now experiencing: Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. As we see the deterioration of the institutions created and fostered after the Second World War to create a climate in which peace and prosperity could flourish in Europe and beyond, it is important to understand the role played by diplomacy in securing the stability and strengthening the shared values of freedom and democracy that have marked this era for the nations of the world. It is most instructive to read the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy, in which he encouraged Americans not only to do good things for their own country, but to do good things in the world. The creation of the Peace Corps is an example of the kind of spirit that put young American volunteers into some of the poorest nations in an effort to improve the standard of living for people around the globe. We knew we were leaders; we knew that we had many political and economic and social advantages. There was an impetus to share this wealth. Generosity, not greed, was the motivation of that generation. Of course, this did not begin with Kennedy. It was preceded by the Marshall Plan, one of the only times in history that the conqueror decided to rebuild the country of the vanquished foe.
  • Proefschrift König 1..346

    Proefschrift König 1..346

    Moving Experience Complexities of Acculturation Bewogen ervaring De complexiteiten van acculturatie (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit voor Humanistiek te Utrecht op gezag van de Rector, prof. dr. H.A. Alma, ingevolge het besluit van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op 23 mei 2012 des voormiddags te 10.30 uur door Jutta Renate König Geboren op 25 juli 1955, te Washington DC (USA) Promotores prof. dr. Harry Kunneman, Universiteit voor Humanistiek prof. dr. Halleh Ghorashi, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Beoordelingscommissie prof. dr. Hans Alma, Universiteit voor Humanistiek prof. dr. Rosi Braidotti, Universiteit Utrecht prof. dr. Christien Brinkgreve, Universiteit Utrecht prof. dr. Ruben Gowricharn, Universiteit Tilburg prof. dr. Hubert Hermans, emeritus hoogleraar Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Moving Experience Complexities of Acculturation Jutta König VU University Press, Amsterdam VU University Press De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands [email protected] www.vuuitgeverij.nl © 2012 by Jutta König, Loosdrecht Design cover: Margriet Kaathoven, Amsterdam Type setting: JAPES, Amsterdam (Jaap Prummel) ISBN 978 90 8659 606 5 NUR 740, 770 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Table of contents Acknowledgements 1
  • The Cultural Cold War and the New Women of Power. Making a Case Based on the Fulbright and Ford Foundations in Greece

    The Cultural Cold War and the New Women of Power. Making a Case Based on the Fulbright and Ford Foundations in Greece

    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research New York City College of Technology 2018 The Cultural Cold War and the New Women of Power. Making a Case based on the Fulbright and Ford Foundations in Greece Despina Lalaki CUNY New York City College of Technology How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ny_pubs/486 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Cultural Cold War and the New Women of Power. Making a Case based on the Fulbright and Ford Foundations in Greece Despina Lalaki The Author / L’auteur Despina Lalaki is a historical sociologist and she teaches at the City University of New York, CUNY. She has published in peer-reviewed journals including The Journal of Historical Sociology and Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies and various media such as Al Jazeera, Boston Occupier, New Politics Magazine and Marginalia – Σημειώσεις στο Περιθώριο. Abstract When in the 1950s C. Wright Mills was writing about the emergence of the new power elites he paid no attention to the presence of women in its midsts. He was not entirely mistaken. Yet there is a particular intertwining of the ideologies of leadership and masculinity which serves to maintain the status quo, the privilege of an elite and perpetuate preconceptions about political agency and gender. In an attempt to go beyond available models and predominantly masculine images of the postwar America the present article accounts for women’s role in the postwar American efforts for cultural hegemony.
  • China Country Report

    China Country Report

    CHINA COUNTRY REPORT CHINA COUNTRY REPORT CHINA COUNTRY REPORT WRITTEN BY: Yolanda Smits EDITED BY: Yudhishthir Raj Isar GRAPHICS & LAY OUT BY: Guillemette Madinier and Sarah Sajn DATE OF PUBLICATION: 19 May 2014 The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). © 2013-2014 Preparatory Action ‘Culture in the EU's External Relations’ COUNTRY REPORT CHINA | 2 preparatory action CULTURE in EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 4 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 6 EXTERNAL CULTURAL RELATIONS IN THE CULTURAL POLICY CONTEXT .......................................... 11 The main elements of the Chinese strategy for culture in external relations .......................... 11 Chinese governmental bodies dealing with culture in external relations ................................ 14 Provincial and local strategies/policies/approaches ................................................................ 17 Geographical priorities ............................................................................................................. 19 Relations
  • Mediating in Intercultural Communicative Challenges Issued in the Language Classroom: a New Objective in Training Programs for New Teachers

    Mediating in Intercultural Communicative Challenges Issued in the Language Classroom: a New Objective in Training Programs for New Teachers

    2018 LINGUA POSNANIENSIS LX (1) DOI 10.2478/linpo-2018-0007 Mediating in intercultural communicative challenges issued in the language classroom: a new objective in training programs for new teachers Gabriel Sanchez-Sanchez1 & Marek Krawiec2 1 Universidad de Murcia, Spain 2 Wielkopolska University of Social and Economic Studies, Środa Wielkopolska [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Gabriel Sanchez-Sanchez & Marek Krawiec. Mediating in intercultural communicative challenges issued in the language classroom: a new objective in training programs for new teachers. Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences, PL ISSN 0079-4740, pp. 95-105 The Faculty of Education Universidad de Murcia (Spain) offers a four-year degree programme in primary education, where modules and subjects related to the foreign language (English) are taught in the first, third and fourth years (OJE 2010). The current teacher training programmes should take into account the most recent political events in Europe so that they can be adjusted to suit the Council of Europe’s original linguistic and cultural education policy. This article will explore intrinsic aspects of foreign language and culture te- aching, and the learning process, in relation to communication and understanding among all European citizens. This analysis will help to identify the implications of 21st-century education policy in terms of the skills of newly-qualified teachers. Keywords: acculturation, culture, education, intercultural competence, teacher training 1. Introduction Vygotsky (1995) claimed that the origin of language was social and that it influenced human thought. Therefore, he added, the origin of thought had to be equally social. It is the social nature of language and thought that encourages us to think of languages as a variety of visions of the world particular to each human society.
  • Understanding Others: Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies and the Teaching of Literature. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Ill

    Understanding Others: Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies and the Teaching of Literature. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Ill

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 352 649 CS 213 590 AUTHOR Trimmer, Joseph, Ed.; Warnock, Tilly, Ed. TITLE Understanding Others: Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies and the Teaching of Literature. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Ill. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8141-5562-6 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 269p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Council of Teachers of English, 1111 W. Kenyon Rd., Urbana, IL 61801-1096 (Stock No. 55626-0015; $15.95 members, $21.95 nonmembers). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Cross Cultural Studies; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Context; Cultural Differences; Higher Education; *Literary Criticism; *Literature Appreciation; *Multicultural Education IDENTIFIERS Literature in Translation ABSTRACT This book of essays offers perspectives for college teachers facing the perplexities of today's focus on cultural issues in literature programs. The book presents ideas from 19 scholars and teachers relating to theories of culture-oriented criticism and teaching, contexts for these activities, and specific, culture-focused texts significant for college courses. The articles and their authors are as follows:(1) "Cultural Criticism: Past and Present" (Mary Poovey);(2) "Genre as a Social Institution" (James F. Slevin);(3) "Teaching Multicultural Literature" (Reed Way Dasenbrock);(4) "Translation as a Method for Cross-Cultural Teaching" (Anuradha Dingwaney and Carol Maier);(5) "Teaching in the Television Culture" (Judith Scot-Smith Girgus and Cecelia Tichi);(6) "Multicultural Teaching: It's an Inside Job" (Mary C. Savage); (7) "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman" (Norma Alarcon);(8) "Current African American Literary Theory: Review and Projections" (Reginald Martin);(9) "Talking across Cultures" (Robert S.
  • Canadian Campaign Finance Reform in Comparative Perspective 2000-2011: an Exhausted Paradigm Or Just a Cautionary Tale?

    Canadian Campaign Finance Reform in Comparative Perspective 2000-2011: an Exhausted Paradigm Or Just a Cautionary Tale?

    Canadian Campaign Finance Reform in Comparative Perspective 2000-2011: An Exhausted Paradigm or Just a Cautionary Tale? by Pauline E. Beange A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Pauline E. Beange 2012 Canadian Campaign Finance Reform in Comparative Perspective 2000-2011: An Exhausted Paradigm or Just a Cautionary Tale? Pauline E. Beange Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2012 Abstract This thesis compares the public policies of campaign finance in Canada with those in the U.S. and the U.K. in the period 2000-2011. The majority of the Canadian literature on party finance demonstrates a belief in the efficacy and necessity of the enterprise. This dissertation suspends this disposition and offers a critical approach to the regulation of money in Canadian elections. This thesis situates the discussion of party finance regulation in the context of contending models of democracy. Campaign finance rule changes are conceptualized within a new institutionalist framework. Changes in campaign finance rules are seen as changes in incentives and are seen to work in configurations, that is, interacting with existing formal and informal constraints. New institutionalism provides the avenue of inquiry into the position of political parties on the boundary of the public and private spheres and how campaign finance regulation may shift that boundary. ii This thesis adopts a mixed-method approach, incorporating the results of 65 semi- structured interviews with academics and political practitioners with primary document research. This thesis demonstrates that campaign finance rule changes interact with other electoral rules, types of parties and the nation‘s historic institutions.