2|2012

circulation: 4000 frequency: twice a year

editor-in-chief Wojciech Przybylski (Res Publica Nowa, PL)

economy Martin Ehl (Hospodářské noviny, CZ)

intelligent mind Éva Karádi (Magyar Lettre Internationale, HU) and Marta Šimečková (www.salon.eu.sk, SK)

books Marek Sečkař (Host, CZ)

interview and communities Máté Zombory (HU)

visegrad abroad and looking back/arts in cooperation with Europeum (CZ)

arts section guest editor Miklós Székely (HU)

language editors C. Cain Elliot (Res Publica Nowa, USA) Matthew Chambers (Res Publica Nowa, USA)

proof reading Adrianna Stansbury (Res Publica Nowa, PL/USA)

assistant to the editor Anna Wójcik (Res Publica Nowa, PL)

graphic design

published by Fundacja Res Publica im. H. Krzeczkowskiego ul. Gałczyńskiego 5, 00-362 Warsaw, Poland tel.: +48 22 826 05 66

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webpage www.visegradinsight.eu

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on the cover: "Gorilla protest" in 2012

We kindly thank researchers working for this issue: Agata Brzozowska, Jędrzej Burszta, Justyna Janowska, Krzysztof Mroczkowski, Dorota Piotrowska, Natalia Sawicka, and Izabela Wasilewska.

Visegrad Insight is published by Res Publica Foundation with the kind support of the International Visegrad Fund. The magazine maintains full editorial independence and opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily have to reflect or represent official position of the International Visegrad Fund, the Visegrad Group or the publisher.

2 VIsegrad insight 2|2012 contents

EUROPE ECONOMY AND BUSINESS Rise and fall of the middle class China and the class problem Survey What is the 30 Deregulation and New Trust in the State Interview with Csaba László by Martin Ehl condition and political 32 Who Fights for the Middle Class? significance of the Igor Janke 34 Chinese Middle Class at European Doorsteps middle class in the Marta M. Golonka region? INTERVIEW Life and debt 38 The Traumatic Symbol of the Middle Class. Interview with Don Kalb by Zoltán Sidó and Dénes Csurgó

INTELLIGENT MIND The end and the future 42 The End of Future Rudolf Chmel 44 Farmers in Fairy-Tale Land. Poland and the European Crisis Marcin Król 48 The Land of Dilemmas Magdalena M. Baran Prospects for Europe Interview with Timothy Garton Ash Wojciech Przybylski Europe looks shattered, yet page 6 there is hope In recent years, the middle class have for even further demonstrated throughout the world more than enlargement ever. Some have protested about economic and integration. conditions, some about perspectives for higher Wojciech education, others fought for regime change. Przybylski Despite cries for its end, the middle class is interviews Timothy on the rise, including Central Europe. Garton Ash This question is answered by sociologists, analysts and – a renowned politicians from four V4 countries: British historian Iveta Radičová |slovakia|, Gábor Takács ||, of Central Europe Anna Giza-Poleszczuk |poland|, Roman Joch, Vladimír Špidla, Ondřej Liška || and Professor of European Studies at 17 The Way Things Stand Péter Nádas Oxford University. 23 In Search of a Usable Past: Who Were the Ancestors of They discuss the Polish Middle Class? Tomasz Zarycki political condition of the continent THINK TANKS WATCH and perspectives Geopolitics and money for Turkey and 26 Banking Battlegrounds Maghreb countries page Marc Lanthemann (Stratfor's Europe Analyst) to join EU. 50

4 VIsegrad insight 2|2012 contents

ViseGrad aBroad in cooPeration With eUroPeUm UrBan eastern and transatlantic analYsis Politics of eUroPean caPital of cUltUre 54 Ukrainian “Stagnarchy” Buries the Eastern Partnership 76 The Chances of Cultural renewal in hungary As We Know It Alexander Duleba András Bozóki a view froM Potential of arts arts/looKinG BaCK the potoMac BooKs museums in v4 Robert Kron WinninG BooK aWards number of museums 82 When Literature Becomes Politics: Probing the Visegrád number of visitors 2,788,200 Countries' Systems of Literary Awards Marek Sečkař source: www.stat.gov.lt number of employees 43,974,011,1 LTL source: www.culturalpolicies.net 82 Winged Victory of the Nike. The Systemfunding of Literary Prizes in Poland Cezary Polak PaGe 85 Literary Awards as Feedback in Literary 3,088 source: www.culturalpolicies.net 57 Communication: The Typology of Literary Awards 62 The Visegrad Group in Eastern Europe: an Actor, Not a in Slovakia Pavol Rankov 916 Leader (yet) Jana Kobzová source: www.kongreskultury.pl 88 Conservative Confi rmation or Progressive Lottery? 106 The World of Czech Literary Awards Eva Klíčová source: www.stat.gov.lt commUnities 90 My Prizes Endre Kukorelly 22,215,656 nations Within nations 92 Literary Prizes in hungary. A Shortsource: Survey www.platformakultury.pl Orsolya Karafi áth 64 The rusyn revival in Slovakia - or how to Create a 195,000,000 ZŁ Nationality at the Margin of Europe source: www.platformakultury.pl 6,890 Paul Bauer source: www.platformakultury.pl looKinG BacK / arts rePortaGe in cooPeration With eUroPeUm Potential of arts 2,660 holidaYs of the middle class 128,979,290 EUR source: www.egmus.eu 94 Irritation, Unrest and the + pUbLic fUnding traMps, hikers, Politics of Questioning: the 1,162 nature lovers Eventful relationships source: www.egmus.eu of Art and Nationalism 164 – a new era of Margaret Tali source: www.stat.si 671source: www.egmus.eu wanderlust art Szabina Kerényi MuseuMs 335,774,708 EUR Photo reportage + pUbLic fUnding 10,123,438 from the Tatra mountains aMong by Krzysztof Pacholak tectonic 2,882,440 source: www.stat.si

MoveMents 99 Gábor Rieder PaGe97 oPPortUnities and annoUncements 100 Social Innovation in the Limelight Judit Barta 102 Summer School Central Natalia Sawicka

essaY 104 The Metamorphosis of the District Gergely Angyalosi Essay on a book by Adam Bodor, 2012 literary award PaGe winner of the Belletrist Society. Bodor's latest book The 67 District at the New York is coming out later this year.

5 OPPORTUNITIES Social Innovation in the Limelight

Fritz Moser and Wanda Moser-Heindl, the founders of Unruhe Foundation, which awards the SozialMarie Prize, realized back in 2005 that whereas technological innovation was supported in many ways, social innovation was not recognized on its real merit. The SozialMarie is one step to change that.

Judit Barta

onica (63) a resident of Graz and a grandmother of three, had been taking In 2012, SozialMarie received 233 antidepressant submissions from more than 200 organi- pills for years, zations, mainly from Austria, Hungary and was in a stable condition despite be- and the Czech Republic. Each year ingM diagnosed with chronic depression. around 30 projects are shortlisted, and In the gloomy autumn of 2010, her con- 15 programs are awarded. The first prize major criteria are originality, creativity, dition began to deteriorate, and she was is worth 15,000 EUR; the second, 10,000 and operability. This means that the in- unable to go outside and later attempted EUR; and the third, 5,000 EUR; while the novation must demonstrate that it has suicide. Eventually, Monica was taken to remaining 12 winning projects receive been implemented for a while and has a mental clinic, where she stayed for five 1,000 EUR each. It is the first year that proved to be efficient at inducing change months. the Austrian and Hungarian public could either in the lives of those concerned or Before going back to her family, vote for projects, and the two winners got in the attitude of wider society. The origi- she lived for a year in a residential home, a 3 minute promotion video. nal idea back in 2005 was that any organi- named “Swallow,” with seven other zation – an NGO, a local government, a women, who had also been treated in a Philanthropy is not dead company or an individual – can apply if psychiatric hospital for longer periods. Most social innovations are done by quix- they are operating within a 300 km radius In that safe intermediary world between otic NGO’s, less frequently by large com- of Vienna. But later that constriction was the medical environment and the out- panies with CSR dedication, and even removed. “Borders were never an issue, side world, she grew strong and when less frequently, by socially concerned it is outdated to think within the bound- the time came to go home, she felt she individuals. However, social innovators ary of a nation state”, says Nora Somlyodi, was ready to resume her roles as wife and rarely receive the same recognition and the project coordinator of the Prize. The grandmother. fame as technological innovators like Fa- four-language-webpage in Czech, Eng- Although the name and story are cebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, Apple’s Steve lish, Hungarian, and German also reflects made-up, “Swallow” is a real place. The Jobs, or Microsoft’s Bill Gates. This is the its transnational focus. “The prize via the building is located in Styria, southeast void that SozialMarie seeks to fill. That award-giving ceremonies and confer- Austria, run by seven women who suf- this prize is still funded by private means, ences and workshops dealing with social fered from mental illnesses. The house shows that philanthropy is not dead even innovation with the participation of the operates on a daily schedule from during harsh economic times such as Unruhe foundation also creates opportu- Monday to Friday, which includes gar- this. nity for leaders of the nominated and the dening and kitchen work, as well as awarded projects to meet, exchange ideas various opportunities for relaxation. This Winning Social and meet with journalists”, she adds. month, “Swallow” was one of the 1000 innovations: What it takes Since 2010, projects from all Euro-award winners of the SozialMarie “Swallow” is a good example of what so- over Hungary can participate, next Prize for social innovation, announced cial innovation should entail according to year it is planned that the entire Czech for the 8th time since 2005. the SozialMarie Prize distributors. The Republic will be included in the compe-

100 VIsegrad insight 2|2012 OPPORTUNITIES

tition. “There is no quota on how many project this year illustrating empower- other patron, the couple Susanne Schu- Hungarian, Czech or Austrian projects ment is called “When I think of home” bert-Lustig and Francis Lustig support should win, but the projects’ originality coming from Salzburg, where fifteen the “Swallow” program for women with is measured on a country basis, whether homeless persons under the guidance of a mental illness. there have been similar projects im- professional writer, wrote autobiographi- plemented, or not. This year it turned cal or fictional accounts of what “home” Good practices catch on out that the first three winners were all means to them. Partly due to social network sites such as Austrians, while last year a Hungarian Facebook, SozialMarie is gaining recog- community building project was selected Patrons pave the way nition; between two and three hundred for the first prize. The Mosers came up with the bright idea projects are handed in each year. There is that two patrons are appointed each year, also growing evidence that it is conducive Empowerment and one from Hungary and one from Aus- to the spread of good practices. A Czech solidarity are the goals tria, to choose a program from among project called “Next door family,” which The projects entering the annual compe- the nominated ones. Milan Gauder (35), was launched in 2004 and won an award tition have been tackling a wide range of a regional director of MasterCard, who in 2011, has just expanded into a Euro- issues such as migration, homophobia, has assumed the role of the Hungarian pean wide international project spanning parenting, environmental protection, re- patron this year, opted for a Hungarian Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Slovakia newal of residential buildings, and pov- project taking place at the Hétes-settle- and Spain. “Next door family” is based on erty. The connecting themes that seem ment of Ózd in northeast Hungary to a very simple idea, as all great ideas are. to run through all of them are empower- help a poor Roma community. He was On a given day, local and immigrant fam- ment and solidarity. A program entitled struck by the enthusiasm of the founder ilies sit down to have their Sunday lunch “Children of imprisoned parents”, sub- of the project and is also aware of the dire together in order to get to know each mitted this year from the Czech Republic, situation the impoverished Roma are in other, and break down the walls built helps families with one parent in custody Hungary. “I see myself as a sort of inter- from ignorance, prejudice, and fear. This to keep regular contact. In September, preter”, he says. “I know the language of project seems to symbolize the credo of they will start a Skype-based pilot project the business world, so I can help the or- the SozialMarie Prize for Social innova- in one prison in . Another selected ganization to communicate better with tion. Without mutual help, responsibility it to attract sponsors”. “All the investors and solidarity, societies do not work, It is look for systems that work, where they vital to realize that the walls people and feel safe to pour their money into. With communities erect between each other the help of his network, he will try to en- are mostly fake, they can collapse easily first prize hance the visibility of the program. The if people take the effort to look closer. The author is a Hungarian freelance writer and translator, PhD candidate in Film, Media and Contemporary Culture at ELTE University, Fac- ulty of Humanities. € 15,000 second prize went to the Viennese project Children’s Hos- pice Network (Kinderhospiz Netz). Families with terminally ill children or adolescents are offered free medical and nursing care, as well as psychosocial care, and counseling for the third prize financial and practical aspects of everyday life. € 10,000 According to the jury, “with its combination of Eltern.chat – Expert talk by parents for parents, services, Children’s Hospice Network is unique a project from Vorarlberg, won second prize in the Germanosphere! What is of central im- (10,000 euros). Roughly 100 times a year, portance is that illness is not considered in parents and legal guardians gather in twelve isolation from its social context. Financed al- communities in Vorarlberg for an ‘eltern.chat’ most exclusively through private donations, the – a parents’ circle, where they speak Turkish, € 5,000 network strives to integrate children’s palliative the Vorarlberg dialect, or Russian. They discuss The project – Junior City Farmer Schönb- care into the public health system.” pedagogical topics introduced and moderated runn – was awarded the third prize (5,000 by a specially trained facilitator, topics such as euros). In the heart of Vienna, under expert, how to make children strong, managing televi- age-appropriate guidance, children and pre- sion, sibling relationships, bedtime, learning teens aged between 4 and 12 plant vegeta- to speak, nutrition, sources of energy, and bles, harvest, cook and eat together, as well puberty. The jury appreciates: “This system is as play in a miniature (fairytale) pine forest, self-managing, built on a well-structured and and frolic through nature among fruit trees. well-equipped configuration, and it is easily ex- “Fallow land has been transformed into a pandable. It contributes to the practice of com- garden – grounds for a collective experience munal learning – one-eighth of communities in for children and pre-teens from the city; in Vorarlberg already participate!” this way, untapped potential can be used to accomplish social, integrative learning,” the jury stated.

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