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Modification and Simulation of Double Wishbone Front Suspension in Safari Suv Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 14, 2020 MODIFICATION AND SIMULATION OF DOUBLE WISHBONE FRONT SUSPENSION IN SAFARI SUV P. Ashoka Varthanan1, N. Jayasuriya2, V.Gowtham3 1, 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore – 641008, India, Email: [email protected] 3 Global Cylinder Managers, Wilhelmsen Group, USA Received: 08.04.2020 Revised: 10.05.2020 Accepted: 05.06.2020 Abstract Suspension is an indispensable element in automobile. Suspensions provide a safe and comfortable ride to the passengers. In this present work, a case study of existing double wishbone suspension and its application in sport utility vehicle (SUV) is done. The existing design of suspension in SUV produces more wear and decreases the life of the suspension parts. It also leads to reduction in the comfort of the passenger(s). A new design for the suspension mechanism is developed by altering the parameters of the existing safari dicor SUV’s double wishbone mechanism of suspension. Dynamic analysis was performed on the original SUV’s double wishbone suspension and the modified double swing mechanism of suspension. Roll angle at the centre of the wheels and the vertical displacement of the wheels during cornering were calculated from the analysis. A comparison is made between the original design and modified design to validate the best design. Keywords: Double wishbone suspension, double swing suspension, dynamic analysis, suspension system © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.14.27 INTRODUCTION analysis using ADAMS software package. Stefano et al [7] The mechanism of suspension system connects the car body designed and developed a double wishbone front suspension to the wheel. The primary purpose of the suspension system system for vineyard-orchard tractor. Orlande and Chace [8] is to produce vertical deceleration of the car body and ensure evaluated speed, economy and accuracy of various computer ride comfort. Suspension is the term given to the system of software in determining load and displacement of the springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle suspension system of Chervrolet Malibu. Bael at al [9] to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two [1]. studied the influence of various hard points on the functional The automobile suspension takes up shocks and vibrations requirements like steer ability, vehicle handling by during the ride from the ride surface and provides the developing axiomatic design and performance analysis on passengers a comfortable travel. Suspension system different types of suspension. Jagirdar et al [10] executed prevents the chassis being damaged due to bumps and multi body analysis using ADAMS software on double potholes in ride surface [2]. The suspension system also wishbone suspension made up of double coil spring with serves to keep the tires in contact with road by providing twin damper configuration for military vehicles. William and reactive force in all ride surfaces [3]. Vehicle suspension Douglas discussed the various aspects of the suspension system must provide good handing performance and good systems and vehicle dynamics for a race car[11]. steering control during manoeuvring. It should ensure correct response of the vehicle to the control forces during In this present work, an exhaustive case study of safari dicor braking and acceleration [4]. The different suspension SUV’s double wishbone suspension is done. The drawbacks systems used in commercial automobiles are Double of the double wish bone suspension are rectified by Wishbone, Macpherson Strut, Leaf Spring, Torsion Rod, Semi incorporating design changes to the existing double wish trailing arm, Swing axle. bone suspension. Dynamic analysis is performed on both the original double wishbone suspension and modified double A variety of high class vehicles such as BMW X5, Benz M- wishbone suspension (double swing suspension) to Class, and Audi Q7 make use of double wise- bone determine the roll characteristics on right and left wheel of suspension. Zhen Zhang and Junhui [4] stated that a double the vehicle during cornering. wishbone suspension consists of upper and lower arms, swivel pin, spring, damper and a wheel. The double DESIGN METHODOLOGY wishbone type suspension system is also used in commercial Mechanism SUV’s. One end of the arms of double wishbone suspension is The double swing mechanism works similar to parallel attached to the vehicle’s chassis and the other end of the two unequal double wishbone suspension. The upper and lower links is connected to wheels of the vehicle. These two links arms of suspension are of different length and are parallel to behaves as rocker arm which oscillates about the fixed point. each other. This mechanism has four links as shown in The force produced during the suspension movement is Figure 1. This mechanism has one fixed link and two links acted in the wheels of the vehicle which forms the fourth link connecting the fixed link. Both the connecting links acts as of the mechanism. The upper and lower arm are connected rocker arm, which oscillates about fixed point. The fourth to the wheel using ball joint and they are connected to the link is connected to the connecting links at the other end chassis of the vehicle by using screw and bolt joint. through which the force acts. Link BC shown in fig 1 is the fourth link which represents the tire of the vehicle through Hazem Ali Attia [5] performed dynamic analysis of the which forces act on the vehicle. Link CB is the connecting link double wishbone suspension by using point-joint coordinate which makes up the lower arm. Link AB is also a connecting formulation to produce an equivalent constrained system of link which makes up the upper arm. Link AD is the fixed link particles and used particle dynamics laws to obtain the laws and the chassis of the vehicle. of motion. XiaobinNing et al [6] determined the ride comfort on different vehicles by carrying out kinematic and dynamic Journal of critical reviews 150 MODIFICATION AND SIMULATION OF DOUBLE WISHBONE FRONT SUSPENSION IN SAFARI SUV Fig. 1: Double Swing Mechanism in 2D sketch of the CATIA Software The proper functioning of the double swing mechanism can mechanism only when the links undergo constrained motion. only be achieved if the lengths of the links are in the The links should not be a rigid structure instead it should following order provide a motion when forces act on the link. The Grubler’s BC<AD<AB<DC (1) criterion for plane mechanism with constrained motion is The length of the tire should be less than the length of the subjected to double swing mechanism. The Grubler’s chassis and the lower arm must have greater length than the equation for planar mechanism is upper arm. The length of the arms should be higher in 3l-2j-4=0 (3) comparison with the fixed link and force link. The sum of the lengths of the force link and upper arm link Where, l – No of links, j – No of Binary joints or lower pairs. must also be less than the sum of lengths of fixed link and The Grubler’s Criterion is satisfied by substituting the values lower arm link to obtain proper functioning. of number of links and no of joints. The Grubler’s Criterion AB+BC<AD+DC (2) exhibits that the double swing mechanism has a constrained motion with input to the mechanism only at one end of the Kinematic design link which is tire of vehicle. The equivalent kinematic The links arranged as shown in Fig 1 can be regarded as a diagram for a double swing mechanism is shown in Fig 2. Fig. 2: Equivalent Kinematic diagram for double swing mechanism Geometry The double swing mechanism of suspension system is a type same for the double swing suspension and the values are not of parallel unequal double wishbone suspension. The double changed from the double wishbone suspension. The double swing suspension has upper arm and lower arm of different wishbone suspension is changed to double swing suspension length and same inclination. Unlike the existing double by changing the inclinations and lengths of upper and lower wishbone suspension, double swing suspension has the arms of the suspension. The table 1 compares the modified upper and lower arms of almost same angles of inclination. dimensions of double swing suspension with the original The parameters such as Kingpin Inclination, Toe angles, dimensions of the safari SUV double wishbone suspension. Camber angle, Caster angle and scrub radius are kept as Table 1Geometry modifications done on double wishbone suspension Double wishbone Double swing suspension suspension Upper arm inclination 23.5deg 12deg Lower arm inclination 9.2 deg 12.1deg The major changes from original double wishbone design are from 23.5deg to 12deg i.e. in the case of height change it is the Lower Arm inclination which is changed from 9.2deg to 44.5mm lower than it was before. 12.1deg i.e. in the case of height change it is 19mm higher than it was before. Upper arm inclination which is changed Journal of critical reviews 151 MODIFICATION AND SIMULATION OF DOUBLE WISHBONE FRONT SUSPENSION IN SAFARI SUV Roll centre turning moment. The roll centre of the existing safari SUV is The basic parameter in a suspension design is the roll centre below the ground. (RC). Roll centre of a vehicle is a precise and distinct imaginary point in the vehicle which is obtained from the The large distance between the centre of gravity (CG) and geometry of the suspension. The cornering forces of the roll centre of the vehicle gives rise to large turning moment suspension are reacted by the self-weight of the car at the during cornering.
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