Wheel Alignment Simplified
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Installation and Operation Manual 8-Ccd Wireless Alignment System
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS Please read THE ENTIRE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL prior to INSTALLATION AND OPERATION. BY PROCEEDING WITH ALIGNER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION YOU AGREE THAT YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND AND COMPREHEND THE FULL CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL. FORWARD THIS MANUAL TO ALL OPERATORS. Revision D 07-01-11 P/N 5900120 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION MANUAL 8-CCD WIRELESS ALIGNMENT SYSTEM MODEL: CRT380R RECEIVING BE SAFE The shipment should be thoroughly inspected as soon as it Your new alignment system was designed and built with is received. The signed Bill of Lading is acknowledgement safety in mind. However, your overall safety can be by the shipping carrier as receipt of this product as listed increased with proper training and thoughtful operation in your invoice as being in a good condition of shipment. If on the part of the operator. DO NOT operate or repair this any of these goods listed on this Bill of Lading are missing equipment without reading this manual and the important or damaged, do not accept goods until the shipping carrier safety instructions shown inside. Keep this operation man- makes a notation on the freight bill of the missing or dam- ual near the alignment system at all times. Make sure that aged goods. Do this for your own protection. ALL USERS read and understand this manual. 1645 Lemonwood Dr. Santa Paula, CA. 93060, USA Toll Free 1-800-253-2363 Tel: 1-805-933-9970 Fax: 1-805-933-9160 www.bendpak.com READ THIS ENTIRE MANUAL BEFORE OPERATION BEGINS. RECORD HERE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WHICH IS LOCATED ON THE SERIAL NUMBER DATA TAG PRODUCT WARRANTY Your new alignment system is warranted for one year on equipment structure; one year on all operat- ing components and tooling/accessories, to the original purchaser, to be free of defects in material and workmanship. -
The Study for Anti-Rollover Performance Based on Fishhook
3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015) The Study For Anti-Rollover Performance Based On Fishhook and J Turn Simulation Fei Xiong1,a, Fengchong Lan1,b, Jiqing Chen1,c*,Yunjiao Zhou1,d 1 South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Keywords: Fishhook test, J-turn test, Tire vertical force, Anti-roll bar、HCG Abstract. SUV (Sport UtilityVehicle, SUV) HCG (Height of Center Gravity) is higher, relatively low rollover stability, higher rollover accident rate has become an important issue for cars safety. In this paper, Firstly, four-DOF kinematics theoretical vehicle model was established,then combined with a SUV development and design work and built a complete multi-body dynamics model in ADAMS / Car. Based on steady state constant radius handling case and transient sine-swept handling case, the dynamic model was calibrated and corelated to handling test results. At last, to launch a study for the anti rollover performance based on fishook and J Turn simulation, respectively analyzed how front and rear anti-roll bar 、the CGH contribute to the anti-rollover performance of a vehicle, this study is benefcial to the development process of suspension and the design for anti-roll performance of whole vhicle,so it has very important significance. Introduction The National Highway Traffic safety administration (National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration, NHTSA) statistics show that in 2011, caused by the vehicle rollover accidents accounted for only 2.1% of the total Traffic accident, but the deaths of 7382 people, accounting for 34.7% of the total Traffic accident death toll. -
Adaption and Evaluation of Transversal Leaf Spring Suspension Design for a Lightweight Vehicle Using Adams /C Ar
ADAPTION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSAL LEAF SPRING SUSPENSION DESIGN FOR A LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLE USING ADAMS /C AR FLORIAN CHRIST Master Thesis in Vehicle Engineering Vehicle Dynamics Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering Royal Institute of Technology TRITA-AVE 2015:09 ISSN 1651-7660 Adaption and Evaluation of Transversal Leaf Spring Suspension Design for a Lightweight Vehicle using Adams/Car FLORIAN CHRIST © Florian Christ, 2015. Vehicle Dynamics Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden ii Abstract This investigation deals with the suspension of a lightweight medium-class vehicle for four passengers with a curb weight of 1000 kg. The suspension layout consists of a transversal leaf spring and is supported by an active air spring which is included in the damper. The lower control arms are replaced by the leaf spring ends. Active ride height control is introduced to compensate for different vehicle load states. Active steering is applied using electric linear actuators with steer-by wire design. Besides intense use of light material the inquiry should investigate whether elimination of suspension parts or a lighter component is concordant with the stability demands of the vehicle. The investigation is based on simulations obtained with MSC Software ADAMS/Car and Matlab. The suspension is modeled in Adams/Car and has to proof it's compliance in normal driving conditions and under extreme forces. Evaluation criteria are suspension kinematics and compliance such as camber, caster and toe change during wheel travel in different load states. Also the leaf spring deflection, anti-dive and anti-squat measures and brake force distribution are investigated. -
Caster Camber Tire-Wear Angles
BASIC WHEEL ALIGNMENT odern steering and ples. Therefore, let’s review these basic the effort needed to turn the wheel. suspension systems alignment angles with an eye toward Power steering allows the use of more are great examples of typical complaints and troubleshooting. positive caster than would be accept- solid geometry at able with manual steering. work. Wheel align- Caster Too little caster can make steering ment integrates all the factors of steer- Caster is the tilt of the steering axis of unstable and cause wheel shimmy. Ex- Ming and suspension geometry to pro- each front wheel as viewed from the tremely negative caster and the related vide safe handling, good ride quality side of the vehicle. Caster is measured shimmy can contribute to cupped wear and maximum tire life. in degrees of an angle. If the steering of the front tires. If caster is unequal Front wheel alignment is described axis tilts backward—that is, the upper from side to side, the vehicle will pull in terms of angles formed by steering ball joint or strut mounting point is be- toward the side with less positive (or and suspension components. Tradi- hind the lower ball joint—the caster more negative) caster. Remember this tionally, five alignment angles are angle is positive. If the steering axis tilts when troubleshooting a complaint of checked at the front wheels—caster, forward, the caster angle is negative. vehicle pull or wander. camber, toe, steering axis inclination Caster is not measured for rear wheels. (SAI) and toe-out on turns. When we Caster affects straightline stability Camber move from two-wheel to four-wheel and steering wheel return. -
Eclipse Cross
MITSUBISHI ECLIPSE CROSS The Turning Point Features, powertrain combinations, trim lines and equipment described refer to European specification models (MME34 area) They may vary market by market within that area, according to specific model specification All data subject to final homologation (Further data to be released at launch time) - Summary – The “RED CAR” at a GLANCE CORPORATE – The First Enabler DESIGN – Vibrant & Defiant DRIVING DYNAMICS – Smooth Operator PACKAGING – Clever ‘SUV’ Living FEATURES – Cool Tech SAFETY - Palette *** (All data - MMC’s own internal measurement) - The “RED CAR” at a GLANCE - I - Timing: October 2013: XR-PHEV Concept @ Tokyo Motor Show March 2015: XR-PHEV II Concept @ Geneva Motor Show March 2017: World premiere @ Geneva Motor Show October 2017: Start of Production – EU specification models (see below detail) End of CY17: Start of Sales – EU specification models: MME34 Markets LHD 1.5 petrol RHD petrol LHD 2.2 DiD RHD 2.2 DiD SoP October 2017 November 2017 TbA TbA SoS* December 2017 January 2018 TbA TbA *Actual Start of Sales varying market by market, according to resp. launch plans 2018: Sequential roll out in Japan, North America, Russia, Australia/New Zealand and other regions. II - Positioning: First enabler for the next generation of Mitsubishi Motors’ automobiles & positioning for which it returns to the MMC fundamentals: • Authentic SUV Brand (vs. ‘marketing’ SUVs): 4WD since 1936 / Super-All Wheel Control (S-AWC) system since 1987 SUVs: 77% sales in Europe – CY16 (incl. L200 -
SMX-GM725 FITS: Chevrolet/GMC •2007-2016 Silverado/Sierra/Suburban/Tahoe 1500 4WD/2WD/AWD INSTRUCTIONS Thank You for Choosing Suspensionmaxx for Your Vehicle
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS PART#: SMX-GM725 FITS: Chevrolet/GMC •2007-2016 Silverado/Sierra/Suburban/Tahoe 1500 4WD/2WD/AWD INSTRUCTIONS Thank you for choosing SuspensionMaxx for your vehicle. This kit is designed to add suspension travel SuspensionMAXX kits are designed to be easily installed and increase front and ground clearance. Specially and completely reversible to the factory supplied settings. designed tools and experience are required to complete These instructions are supplied for ease of installation, the installation properly. These parts should only be correct procedures and safety. Automotive experience installed by a qualified mechanic otherwise an unsafe recommended. vehicle and/or injury may result. Consult manufactures service manual for proper torque specifications and REQUIRED TOOLS procedures. Instructions are supplied for the leveling kit installation only. Safety is important. Use safe • Load-rated floor jack working habits. • Safety stands x2 • Wheel Chocks • Metric tool set WARNING! • Torque Wrench This suspension system will enhance off road performance and increase • Loctite threadlocker for all fasteners ground clearance. Larger tires will increase vehicle roll center height. The vehicle will handle and respond to driver steering and braking dif- ferently from a stock factory equipped passenger car or truck. Extreme care must be used to prevent loss of control or vehicle rollover during abrupt maneuvers both on and off-road. Failure to operate this vehicle safely can result in vehicle damage, serious injury or death to the driver and passengers. Always wear your seat belt and reduce your speed, avoid sharp turns, inclines and abrupt maneuvers. Tread lightly, re- spect nature and enjoy the Off-Road Experience! Help keep it available for future generations. -
VW Suspension Technical Article
VW Tech Tip VW Suspension Technical Article Tech Tip: by Charles Adams The following is a technical THE TRUTH ABOUT SUSPENSIONS MYTH: Lowering or raising my car will give it greater performance than I article written for better If you want a smooth ride and not just looks, there is more than meets could expect at stock height. For ex- understanding of the rear the eye at a quick glance. Anyone ample if I simply lower my car it will corner better than my friend’s car that air-cooled VW suspension can lower or raise a vehicle and call it good, but just like any good en- is not lowered. Alternatively, if I raise as well as our products. For gine build, if you seek performance, my car it will perform better off road, absorbing bumps and jumps, than my the majority of people, the everything should be prepared in advance and every component’s friend’s car that is not raised. rear VW suspension is little function should be understood. It understood and more is more than just ordering the most FACT: Every suspension rides at its costly parts, assembling them, and greatest potential when it is riding often misunderstood. blowing away the competition. Yet within the parameters that it was suspensions are not a mystery and designed for. This means that facto- they certainly are not rocket science. ry suspensions perform the greatest The truth is that they are simply and when the ride at factory height and easily understood if they are ex- the geometry is not tampered with. -
Development and Analysis of a Multi-Link Suspension for Racing Applications
Development and analysis of a multi-link suspension for racing applications W. Lamers DCT 2008.077 Master’s thesis Coach: dr. ir. I.J.M. Besselink (Tu/e) Supervisor: Prof. dr. H. Nijmeijer (Tu/e) Committee members: dr. ir. R.M. van Druten (Tu/e) ir. H. Vun (PDE Automotive) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Department Mechanical Engineering Dynamics and Control Group Eindhoven, May, 2008 Abstract University teams from around the world compete in the Formula SAE competition with prototype formula vehicles. The vehicles have to be developed, build and tested by the teams. The University Racing Eindhoven team from the Eindhoven University of Technology in The Netherlands competes with the URE04 vehicle in the 2007-2008 season. A new multi-link suspension has to be developed to improve handling, driver feedback and performance. Tyres play a crucial role in vehicle dynamics and therefore are tyre models fitted onto tyre measure- ment data such that they can be used to chose the tyre with the best characteristics, and to develop the suspension kinematics of the vehicle. These tyre models are also used for an analytic vehicle model to analyse the influence of vehicle pa- rameters such as its mass and centre of gravity height to develop a design strategy. Lowering the centre of gravity height is necessary to improve performance during cornering and braking. The development of the suspension kinematics is done by using numerical optimization techniques. The suspension kinematic objectives have to be approached as close as possible by relocating the sus- pension coordinates. The most important improvements of the suspension kinematics are firstly the harmonization of camber dependant kinematics which result in the optimal camber angles of the tyres during driving. -
STEERTEK for International Truck Multilink FAS
STEERTEK for International Truck Multilink FAS SUBJECT: Service Instructions LIT NO: 17730-258 DATE: December 2008 REVISION: B TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction . 2 Section 9 Component Replacement Fasteners . 30 Section 2 Product Description. 3 Axle Brackets . 30 Steering Knuckle Section 3 Important Safety Notice . 4 Steering Knuckle Disassembly . 30 Kingpin Preparation & Measurement . 31 Section 4 Parts List. 8 Kingpin Bushing Removal . 33 Section 5 Towing Procedures . 9 Steering Knuckle Bore Measurement . 34 Kingpin Bushing Installation. 35 Section 6 Special Tools . 12 Kingpin Bushing Reaming . 35 Kingpin Seal Installation . 37 Section 7 Preventive Maintenance Steering Knuckle Assembly . 38 Visual Inspection . 13 Tie Rod End and Cross Tube . 40 Lubrication Intervals. 13 Kingpin Lubrication . 14 Section 10 Troubleshooting Guide . 42 Tie Rod End Lubrication . 14 Tie Rod End Inspection. 15 Section 11 Torque Specifications . 44 Tire Inspection. 17 Section 12 Front Alignment Specifications . 45 Kingpin Bushing Inspection . 20 Steering Knuckle Inspection . 21 Reference Materials. 46 Section 8 Alignment & Adjustments Technical Procedure Publication Quiz . 47 Alignment Definitions . 22 General Inspection Prior to Alignment. 24 Front Wheel Alignment . 25 Steering Stop. 27 Toe Setting . 28 STEERTEK for International Truck Multilink FAS SECTION 1 Introduction This publication is intended to acquaint and assist maintenance personnel in the preven- tive maintenance, service, repair, and rebuild of the following Hendrickson equipment as installed on applicable International Truck Multilink Front Air Suspension (FAS) vehicles. Carefully read and understand all safety related information within this publication, on all decals and in all such materials provided by the vehicle manufacturer before conducting any maintenance, service or repair. ■ STEERTEK — A lightweight, formed and robotically welded steer axle assembly. -
(Title of the Thesis)*
Reconfigurable Integrated Control for Urban Vehicles with Different Types of Control Actuation by Mansour Ataei A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2017 © Mansour Ataei 2017 Examining committee membership: The following served on the Examining Committee for this thesis. The decision of the Examining Committee is by majority vote. Supervisors: Prof. Amir Khajepour Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Prof. Soo Jeon Associate Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Professor External Prof. Fengjun Yan Associate McMaster University Examiner: Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Internal- Prof. Nasser Lashgarian Azad Associate System Design Engineering external: Professor Internal: Prof. William Melek Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department Internal: Prof. Ehsan Toyserkani Professor Mechanical and Mechatronics Department ii AUTHOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract Urban vehicles are designed to deal with traffic problems, air pollution, energy consumption, and parking limitations in large cities. They are smaller and narrower than conventional vehicles, and thus more susceptible to rollover and stability issues. This thesis explores the unique dynamic behavior of narrow urban vehicles and different control actuation for vehicle stability to develop new reconfigurable and integrated control strategies for safe and reliable operations of urban vehicles. A novel reconfigurable vehicle model is introduced for the analysis and design of any urban vehicle configuration and also its stability control with any actuation arrangement. -
Brake Adjuster's Handbook
STATE OF CALIFORNIA HANDBOOK FOR BRAKE ADJUSTERS May 2015 BUREAU OF AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR BRAKE ADJUSTERS’ HANDBOOK FOREWORD This Handbook is intended to serve as a reference for Official Brake Adjusting Stations and as study material for licensed brake adjusters and persons desiring to be licensed as adjusters. See the applicable Candidate Handbook for further information. This handbook includes a short history of the development of automotive braking equipment, and the procedures for licensing of Official Brake Adjusting Stations and Official Brake Adjusters. In addition to the information contained in this Handbook, persons desiring to be licensed as adjusters must possess a knowledge of vehicle braking systems, adjustment techniques and repair procedures sufficient to ensure that all work is performed correctly and with due regard for the safety of the motoring public. This handbook will not supply all the information needed to pass a licensing exam. No attempt has been made to relate the information contained herein to the specific design of a particular manufacturer. Accordingly, each official brake station must maintain as references the current service manuals and technical instructions appropriate to the types and designs of brake systems serviced, inspected and repaired by the brake station. Installation, repair and adjustment of motor vehicle brake equipment shall be performed in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and the current instructions and specifications of the manufacturer. Periodically, supplemental bulletins may be distributed by the Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR or Bureau) containing information regarding changes in laws, regulations or technical procedures concerning the inspection, servicing, repair and adjustment of vehicle braking equipment. -
Set Toe Properly
SET TOE PROPERLY You will get better more consistent results adjusting your toe in settings if you go the extra mile to eliminate variables. You must first decide which technique that you plan to use to take the measurements. Each technique offers different benefits and drawbacks. The methods discussed here will be the Toe Plate method, Toe Bar Method and Tire Scribe Method. If you understand each toe setting technique you will be assured of repeatable results. Before you begin taking measurements you must insure that the car is race ready. Ride heights set, weight percentages correct, driver weight accounted for, bump steer set, camber and caster set, Ackerman set, air pressure set, stagger correct....you get the idea. You should also inspect the steering components and replace any that are worn or bent. Center up the steering before you begin. Center the drag link or rack so that the inner control pivots and inner tie rods are centered to each other. Tie rod lengths should be adjusted to match you lower control points if possible. String the right side of the car to line up the right front to the right rear. By lining up the right side and starting with the right front in line with the right rear you will eliminate any Ackerman effect that is in the car. If the wheels are turned away from straight when you take your toe measurement the Ackerman effect can add toe out that will not be present when the wheels are straight ahead. Take the time to string the right side and you will get more precise results.