THE SPACEX FAMILY By Jared-Base with help from the NSF Forum

Falcon 1 Falcon 9 V1.0 Falcon 9 V1.1 Falcon 9 V1.2 (FT) Falcon Heavy BFR Close to scale THE FALCON FAMILY Project Cost: $90 Million Total Launches: 5 3 Failures

FALCON 1 The predecessor of the Falcon 9 FALCON 1 ▪ Was an expendable rocket between 2006-2009 ▪ September 28, 2008: SpaceX became the first company to launch a privately developed liquid fueled rocket to orbit

▪ It was a two stage rocket powered by an earlier design of the Merlin Engine, which is used on the Falcon 9

▪ The final launch was for the Malaysian RazakSAT, SpaceX’s first Commercial Launch

▪ Retired after the fifth flight to be succeeded by Falcon 9 Cost per launch: $10.9M (2010)

FALCON 1E Cancelled upgrade to Falcon 1 FALCON 1E ▪ A proposed upgrade to Falcon 1 ▪ Larger first stage, higher thrust engine, upgraded second stage, larger payload fairing, and intended to be partially reusable

▪ Planned for mid-2011 but cancelled due to “limited demand” before its debut FALCON 5 Cancelled Falcon FALCON 5 ▪ Proposed partially reusable vehicle ▪ Cancelled due to preference for the larger and more powerful Falcon 9 ▪ 5 Merlin first stage engines, hence the 5 in the name ▪ Would have been the first vehicle since the Saturn V to be able to make it to orbit even with a “Full Engine Out”. Would compensate one engine going out by burning the remaining 4 longer to achieve the same orbit ▪ Payload to LEO(Low Earth Orbit): 4,100 kg ▪ Payload to GTO(Geo-stationary Transfer Orbit): 1,050 kg Project Cost: $300 Million including Dragon Cost Per Launch: $54 – 59.5 Million (2012) Total Launches: 5 One Partial Failure

FALCON 9 V1.0 The first version of the Falcon 9 Named Falcon 9 because of the 9 Merlin engines on the first stage Engine Configuration For Falcon 9 V1.0 FALCON 9 V1.0 ▪ First flew in June 2010 ▪ All 5 Launches were Dragon Launches (1 Orbital Test, 2 Demo Tests, and 2 CRS Missions)

▪ Retired in 2013 for the upgraded 1.1 variant ▪ Partial Failure was a result of an “Engine Out” on the first stage causing the secondary payload, Orbcomm’s OG-2 Satellite to not be able to make its proper orbit Cost Per Launch: $56.5M(2013) - $61.2M(2015) Total Launches: 15 One Failure: CRS-7

FALCON V1.1 Upgraded from 1.0 Engine Configuration For Falcon 9 V1.1 FALCON 9 V1.1 ▪ The second Falcon 9 design ▪ Developed in 2011-2013 ▪ First launch in September 2013: CASSIOPE ▪ Final flight in January 2016: JASON-3 ▪ Had 60% more thrust and weight ▪ Pioneer in reusable rockets ▪ Attempted 3 landings; None landed ▪ Was anticipated to carry crew to ISS but was rescheduled for Falcon 9 Full Thrust(FT) Cost Per Launch: $62M for up to 5,500 kg to GTO

Total Launches: 60 (as of 08/14/18) No failed Launches

FALCON 9 FULL THRUST (FT) Also known as v1.2

Multiple block designs FALCON 9 FT ▪ First Launch in December 2015 ▪ First version to successfully land, both on land and at sea ▪ Landed on land for the first time on maiden Launch: Orbcomm OG- 2 Mission 2 ▪ Landed at sea for the first time: CRS-8 ▪ Block 5 is the last iteration of the Falcon 9. It can be flown 10 times with minimal refurbishment between the 10 flights and can fly 100 times in it’s life with major refurbishment every 10 flights ▪ Had 1 failure before a scheduled Static Fire Test. A Helium bottle in the second stage ruptured, resulting in the loss of the payload and rocket ▪ First launch of a flight-proven booster: SES-10 ▪ 26 successful landings, (need booster reflight count) FALCON 9 FT FIRST LANDINGS

Orbcomm OG-2 Mission 2 Landing CRS-8 Landing Land Sea Date: December 22, 2015 Date: April 8, 2016 Payload Capability • LEO • 63,800 kg (28.5o) • GTO • 26,700 kg (27o) • Mars • 16,800 kg • Pluto • 3,500 kg

Cost per Flight FALCON HEAVY • $90 Million (Reusable) 3 first stage core strapped together • $150 Million (Expendable) FALCON HEAVY ▪ SpaceX’s reusable heavy lift vehicle ▪ Currently the most powerful rocket in operation ▪ Maiden launch: February 6, 2018 ▪ Maiden launch was almost 100% successful with only the core booster failing to land

▪ Only one of three engines ignited for the landing burn, a result of the engines running out of TEA-TEB (Triethylaluminum and Triethylboron) DRAGON DRAGON ▪ A reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX ▪ Launched only on Falcon 9 ▪ Maiden Flight: December 8, 2010 (First orbital flight), May 22, 2012 (First resupply mission to ISS) ▪ Pressured Cargo: 6,000 kg to ISS ▪ Unpressurized Cargo: 3,000 kg to ISS ▪ Can return materials from ISS to Earth ▪ Uses Draco thrusters to maneuver in space ▪ Experiences 3.5 G’s on re-entry ▪ Has 18 Draco engines ▪ Has been reused 4 times WHERE DO THEY LAUNCH FROM? OMELEK ISLAND SITE Site for launching Falcon 1

Now inactive SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 40 (SLC-40) Launch pad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

Previously used by the USAF for their Titan III and Titan IV rockets between 1965 and 2005

Was leased to SpaceX in 2007

Was heavily damaged before a planned Static Fire Test (F9 FT) LAUNCH COMPLEX 39A (LC-39A) Launch pad at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)

20 year lease signed in April 2014

Built large Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) in 2015 to house Falcon 9 Rockets

Will support future Falcon Heavy launches after some modifications SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 4 EAST AND WEST (SLC-4E & SLC-4W) SpaceX’s west coast launch site Used primarily for polar orbiting satellites Was previously used for Atlas and Titan rockets between 1963 and 2005 Technically two pads: SLC-4E and SLC-4W

SLC-4W will be used for RTLS Landings (LZ-2) while SLC-4E is the launch pad SOUTH TEXAS LAUNCH SITE

Currently under construction

It will be SpaceX’s private facility for Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy

Licensed to support 12 Falcon 9 launches a year and 2 Falcon Heavy launches a year but can support more

As of 2016, it is expected to be operational no earlier than late 2018 WHERE DO THE BOOSTERS LAND? LANDING ZONE 1/2 (LZ-1/LZ-2) Built at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 13

Main Landing Pad: 282 feet diameter

Second Pad likely150 feet diameter

Has “Crane-Ways” for easier mobility of Cranes

Has remote fire-suppression systems in case of a failed landing VANDENBERG LANDING SITE (SLC-4W) Currently under construction at Vandenberg AFB in California to support RTLS landings AUTONOMOUS SPACEPORT DRONE SHIPS SpaceX operates 2 droneships named “Just Read The Instructions” and “Of Course I Still Love You”

Each about the size of a football field in length

JRTI lives out on the west coast while OCISLY lives on the east coast

OCISLY has a new robot the community nicknamed “Octograbber” which is a booster stabilizer WHAT IS COMING? DRAGON 2 Also known as Crew Dragon DRAGON 2 ▪ Will be human rated ▪ Has 4 sets of 2 SuperDraco engines ▪ The SuperDracos can be used for the launch escape system ▪ Propulsive landing was proposed but landing legs were removed from the design, thus eliminating the option

▪ Crew Capacity: 7 ▪ First demo launch is planned for April 2018 ▪ First crewed launch is planned for August 2018 Launch and Landing Control Center 30 stories tall Will contain a firing room, meeting rooms, data center, and engineering room https://mk0spaceflightnoa02a.kinstacdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/06/spacex_llc_tower.jpg SpaceX Operations Area

A new hangar would store, process, and refurbish Falcon 9 boosters 133,00 square feet A rocket garden could have Falcon 9 rockets with dragon capsules stacked vertically or horizontally. Would also have a security center

https://mk0spaceflightnoa02a.kinstacdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/06/spacex_footprint.jpg A Shortfall of Gravitas A new ASDS for the East coast Could add the potential for two booster landings at sea for Falcon Heavy Project Cost: $10 Billion (2016 Estimate) ITS Cost Per Launch: $62 Million (2016 Estimate) Inter-Planetary Transportation System

Was designed to take humans to Mars and beyond

Design work began in 2012 and not to launch until the 2020s

Development Shifted towards a smaller version called BFR Cost Per Launch: $34 Million (Very Estimated) BFR Big “Falcon” Rocket

Take the name as you will… BFR ▪ Built to take crafts and people to Mars and beyond ▪ In September 2017, Elon announced “BFR”, a Methalox fueled Raptor Engine Rocket ▪ He also announced his idea of using BFR as a point-to-point transportation system on Earth; Anywhere on Earth in less than 1 hour

▪ Tickets would cost about the same as a Full Economy Ticket ▪ 3 Configurations: BFR Crew, BFR Tanker, and BFR Cargo ▪ Main Points: ▪ Fully reusable; Both stages ▪ Booster lands on launch mount ▪ Landing reliability on par with airliners ▪ Auto rendezvous and docking ▪ Can go to Moon and Mars with on-orbit refueling ▪ Reusable heatshield technology ▪ Will have a Solar Storm Shelter in Mars Missions SPACEX ENGINES KESTREL ENGINE ▪ Designed in early 2000s for the Falcon 1 upper stage ▪ Fueled by LOX and RP-1 ▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 31 kN (6,900 lbf) ▪ Isp in vacuum: 317 seconds ▪ Pressure fed engine MERLIN ENGINE ▪ Used in the Falcon 1 and 9 rockets ▪ Uses RP-1 and Liquid Oxygen ▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 845 kN (190,000 lbf) ▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 914 kN (205,00 lbf) ▪ Isp at Sea Level: 282 seconds ▪ Isp in Vacuum: 311 seconds ▪ Multiple Models: Merlin 1A, 1B, 1C, 1C Vacuum, 1D, and 1D Vacuum ▪ The Merlin 1B was never produced DRACO ▪ Hypergolic fueled engine ▪ Two variants: Draco and SuperDraco ▪ Fuel Used: NTO/MMH ▪ Draco Stats: ▪ Thrust in Vacuum: 400 N (90 lbf) ▪ Isp in Vacuum: 300 seconds ▪ SuperDraco Stats: ▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 71 kN ▪ Isp at Sea Level: 235 seconds ▪ Used on Dragon Capsules RAPTOR ▪ To be used on BFR ▪ Methalox* powered engine ▪ Thrust at Sea Level: 1,700 kN (380,000 lbf) ▪ Thrust in Vacuum: ~1,900 kN (430,000 lbf) ▪ Isp at Sea Level: 330 seconds ▪ Isp in Vacuum: 375 seconds ▪ Still currently in development

*Methalox: Methane and Liquid Oxygen PICTURE CREDITS (IN ORDER)

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