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C6i'hi Rs ISSN Printed : 2089-8231 JICoR ISSN Electronic : 2252-4126 fournal of In eslun Corul R Volume I, Nuwber 3, February 2012 +€,+1. '.:.:E: r-: lndonesian Coral Reef Society Gedung LIPI Jalan Raden Saleh No. 43, Cikini JakartaPusat 10330, Indonesia Teb.021 - 3143080, Fax.02l -31927958 c6i'HI Rs"sf Email : indones ian .cnral@y ahoo. co. id Web : www.cozrstal-unhas.corn/incres Journal of lndonesian Goral Reefs (JICoR) Journal of Indonesian Coral Reefs - JICoR is a transdisciplinary scientific journal focused on lndonesian reef ecosystems and accepts papers in the fields of biology, ecology, oceanography, geology, sociology, economics and policy. Climate change science, reef responses to environmental and anthropogenic stresses, governance, management, and reef restoration, rehabilitation and resilience are considered priority issues. This journal accepts manuscripts in the form of research papers, reviews, opinion articles and short communications and is jointly published by the lndonesian Coral Reef Society (INCRES) and the Research & Development Centerfor Marine, Costal, and Small lslands (MaCSl), Hasanuddin University. EditorialTeam: Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Jamaluddin Jompa Editorial Secretary Dr. Muhammad Lukman Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Suharsono (P2O LlPl, Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Natsir Nessa ( Hasanuddin University. lndonesia) Prof. Dr. Dedi Soedharma ( BogorAgriculture University, lndonesia) Prof. Bette Willis, PhD (James Cook University, Australia) Prof. Dr. David J. Smith (Essex University, UK) Dr. Laurence J. McCook (GBRMPA. Australia) Dr. Marion Glaser (ZMT. Germany) Se/ecfed Topic Editor Prof, Dr, Chair Rani (Ecology) Prof. Dr. Ocky Karna Radjasa (Microbiology) Prof. Karen Edyvane (Biodiversity Conservation) Dr. lmam Bachtiar (Biology) Dr Munasik (Reproduction) Dr. Neviaty P. Zamani (Management & MPA) Dr. Ekowati Chasanah (Chemistry) Dr. Giyanto (Oceanography) Dr. Baru Sadarun (Rehabilitation & Restoration) Dr. Ahmad Faizal ( Remote Sensing) Dr. Agus Heri Purnomo (Socio-Economic Fisheries) Ofri Johan, M.Si (Coral Diseases) EditorialAddress : lndonesian Coral Reef Society (INCRES) Gedung LlPl Jl. Raden Saleh No.43, Cikini, Jakarta Pusat 10330, lndonesia Tlp. +62-21 -3 1 43080 ; F ax. +62-21 -31927 958 &/or Research & Development Center for Marine, Coastal, & Snd lsH [*S[ Ged u ng P Ke Lt. 5, Ka m pus U niversitas Hasanuddin. Tarrdree- llk- Tlp./Fax: +62-41 1-586997 Email: jicor_incres@yahoo coo,',.: Secretariat : Dwi SekarAsih S Sos Ra:^a,',:: i: : Design Cover : Suharto, S.Ke t.l S Journal of Indonesia Coral Reefs 1(3) (2012) 160-170 Printed ISSN : 2089-8231 Distribution and Abundance of Black Band Disease on Corals Montipora sp in Seribu Islands, Jakarta Ofri Johan 1*, Dietriech G. Bengen 2, Neviaty P. Zamani 2 and Suharsono 3 1 Center of Research and Development of Fishery Cultures, Jakarta 2 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agriculture Institute, Bogor 3 Center of Research and Development of Oceanology – LIPI, Jakarta Abstrak Penelitian tentang kelimpahan dan penyebaran penyakit karang telah dilaksanakan sejak Juni dan Juli 2011 untuk mengetahui kelimpahan awal penyakit karang jenis Black Band Disease (BBD – Penyakit Garis Tebal Hitam) pada beberapa pulau di Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Metode pengamatan menggunakan transek sabuk dengan lebar 1 m ke kiri dan ke kanan, panjang bentangan meteran 20 m dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Transek ditempatkan pada dataran terumbu dengan kedalaman 0–3 m dengan mencatat jumlah koloni yang terinfeksi penyakit karang jenis BBD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit karang jenis BBD banyak ditemukan pada tutupan karang yang tinggi dan karang jenis Montipora sp dominan di lokasi tersebut. Berdasarkan lokasi secara umum kelimpahan tertinggi terjadi di Pulau Pramuka bagian utara (0.15 kol/m), Pulau Pari bagian timur (0.092 kol/m), Pulau Penjaliran (0.092 kol/m), dan Pulau Tikus (0.085 kol/m). Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan ANOVA diperoleh kelimpahan penyakit karang BBD berbeda nyata antara kelompok lokasi penelitian, yaitu antara lokasi jarak terdekat dengan jarak sedang, dan lokasi jarak terdekat dengan jarak terjauh dengan nilai perbedaan (signifikan) berturut-turut 0.030 dan 0.025 (tingkat kepercayaan 5%). Sedangkan pada kelompok lokasi jarak sedang dan terjauh tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata. Berdasarkan data klimatologi, peningkatan suhu pada bulan Maret hingga Juli dapat memicu terjadi penyakit karang di kawasan Kepulauan Seribu. Kata Kunci: kelimpahan penyakit karang, black band disease, Montipora sp, Kepulauan Seribu Abstract Research on the abundance and distribution of coral disease has been implemented since June and July 2011 to determine the preliminary abundance of coral disease on several islands in the Thousand Islands, Jakarta. Observation method used was a 20m-belt transect with 1 m width to the left and right, and 3 replicates. Transects placed on the reef flat with a depth of 0–3 m, and a record number of infected colonies of BBD. The results show that type coral diseases of BBD found in many high coral covers and where Montipora sp dominant at that location. Generally, highest abundances found were at northern of Pramuka Island (0.15 col/m), eastern of Pari Island (0.092 col/m), Penjaliran Island (0.092 col/m), and Tikus Island (0.085 col/m). Statistical test by ANOVA obtained that abundance of BBD was significantly different between groups of study sites, i.e. the distance between the nearest and middle sites, and between the nearest and farthest distance from the mainland of Java Island (significantly difference with value respectively 0.030 and 0.025; confidence level 5%). Meanwhile, the sites between middle and farthest show no real difference. Based on climatological data, the increase in temperature in March and July could lead to coral diseases that occured in the Thousand Islands region. Keywords: abundance, coral disease, Black Band Disease, Montipora sp., Seribu Islands *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Distribution and Abundance of Black Band Disease on Corals Montipora sp in Seribu Islands, Jakarta INTRODUCTION coral disease also can be caused by anthropogenic pollution from land as well Thousand Islands consists of 105 islands as high intensity of sunlight exposure into extending vertically from Jakarta Bay to the the waters where coral lives. north with the Sebira Island as the outer The result of coral reefs condition in island with a distance of approximately 150 the Thousand Islands conducted by the km from the coast of North Jakarta. Among Indonesian Coral Reefs Foundation in the the island, there are 11 inhabited islands: period of 2005–2009 at 19 locations showed Panggang, Pramuka, Kelapa, Kelapa Dua, a total of 63 genera of live coral (Setyawan Harapan, Sebira, Tidung Besar, Payung, et al., 2011), where the live hard coral cover Pari, Lancang Besar, and Untung Java. was fluctuated between 28.9 to 34.3%, Geographically, Seribu Islands is located meaning that the condition was moderate from 106º20’00” E to 106º57’00” E and (Gomez and Yap, 1984). 5º10’00” L to 5º57’00” L. The administrative This research done was observing coral area of Thousand Islands is 897.71 Ha of 2 disease abundance of Black Band Disease land and 6997.50 km of surrounding waters. (BBD) on Montipora sp and examined The reef area of Thousand Islands is some factors related to the causes of coral close to the big city and capital of Indonesia, disease. The purpose of this study was to Jakarta. It has a very dense population assess the distribution and abundance of (~9.59 million people), including residents coral diseases, identify species of coral in the Thousand Islands (~22.158 thousand disease and other reef health parameters. inhabitants) (www.kependudukancapil.go.id). Growing city and intensive population activities lead to anthropogenic pollution METHODS from the land and impact to the Thousand Site Locations Islands waters, concentrately in Jakarta Bay. This condition is evident in east season The study began in June to July 2011 where a lot of garbage brought to the islands on several islands of the Thousand Islands, and the waters’ color is somewhat murky. Jakarta, i.e. Peteloran, Penjaliran, Jukung, Other indications perceived is the sea grass Putri, Belanda, Pramuka, Karang Bongkok, which can not grow well in Pari Island, Kelapa, Semak Daun, Pari, and Tikus caused by bad condition from declining reefs (Table 1). All sites spread from south water quality in the area. to north and from closest to the farthest Another factor need to be examined is from the mainland (Java island), as well the effect of climate change with fluctuations as the core zone of the Thousand Islands in temperature and sea level, and can affect Marine National Park, some of the islands the survival of marine biota, including biota are inhabited (Fig. 1). Islands in the core associated with coral reef ecosystem. zone is assumed uninhabitant since it is Global warming could increase the sea away from anthropogenic pollution sources, water temperature, hence coral reefs will either from the inhabited island or carried experience stress and if this disorder goes over from the mainland. on can lead to coral bleaching and mass Data Collection death. Death in reefs as habitat for various associated biota, will begin disrupted Reefs Condition and eventually impact on fish production Reef data was retrieved by using the derived from coral reef ecosystem, where Line Intercept Transect method (LIT) at most coastal communities dependent on as a depth of 1–3 m (reef
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