Kadir Has University School of Graduate Studies Program of Design
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KADİR HAS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRAM OF DESIGN CULTURE, COMMODITY AND SPECTATOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF KARAKÖY OZAN AKBAŞ SUPERVISORS: PROF. DR. ARZU ERDEM, DOÇ. DR. AYŞE EREK MASTER’S THESIS ISTANBUL, AUGUST, 2019 CULTURE, COMMODITY AND SPECTATOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF KARAKÖY OZAN AKBAŞ SUPERVISORS: PROF. DR. ARZU ERDEM, DOÇ. DR. AYŞE EREK MASTER’S THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Kadir Has University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in the Discipline Area of Art and Design under the Program of MA in Design. ISTANBUL, AUGUST, 2019 CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ v ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... ix ÖZET ................................................................................................................................ x 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................... ....................................................1 1.1 Purpose Of The Thesis ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 Scope Of The Thesıs ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 Method Of The Thesıs ............................................................................................. 7 2. RESEARCH, DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS & HISTORY THAT IS RELEVANT TO THE STUDY ...................................................................................... 8 2.1 Definition And Concepts Supporting The Study ................................................... 10 Capitalism and the commodity ....................................................................... 10 The phenomenon of deterritorialization ......................................................... 19 Global culture industry and the spectacle ....................................................... 23 2.2 Brief History Of Karaköy ...................................................................................... 26 Karaköy’s location and its importance ........................................................... 28 Karaköy’s historical development .................................................................. 30 Early municipal governance & westernization of Galata in the 19th century . 40 3. THE CASE OF KARAKÖY .................................................................................... 50 3.1 Commerce In Karaköy .......................................................................................... 51 Realizing the commercial transformation via maps on Galata ....................... 53 Recent events that created impact on Karaköy ............................................... 61 3.2 Culture Of Café In Karaköy .................................................................................. 72 Failure as an art district ................................................................................... 73 A global leader of cafés: Starbucks in Karaköy ............................................. 79 3.3 Current Data In The Case Area ............................................................................. 84 User profile in the case area ............................................................................ 85 Business locations & typologies ..................................................................... 91 3.4 Spectacles In Karaköy ........................................................................................... 95 Revival and survival: historical and historicist spectacles in Karaköy ........... 96 Designing for media: commodified spectacles in Karaköy .......................... 108 4. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 120 iii BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 128 APPENDIX A .............................................................................................................. 132 APPENDIX B .............................................................................................................. 134 APPENDIX C .............................................................................................................. 135 APPENDIX D .............................................................................................................. 136 APPENDIX E .............................................................................................................. 137 APPENDIX F ............................................................................................................... 138 APPENDIX G .............................................................................................................. 139 CIRRUCULUM VITAE ............................................................................................. 140 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Diagram of the "Spectacle" ............................................................................. 6 Figure 1.2 Case Region ..................................................................................................... 6 Figure 1.3 Karaköy Demolitions, Salt Archives ............................................................... 7 Figure 2.1 Macy’s Christmas Window ........................................................................... 13 Figure 2.2 A covered passage, Paris ............................................................................... 13 Figure 2.3 Location of Beyoğlu in Istanbul .................................................................... 28 Figure 2.4 Map of Beyoğlu ............................................................................................. 29 Figure 2.5 Karaköy (Google Maps) ................................................................................ 29 Figure 2.6 Case Area of the Research ............................................................................. 30 Figure 2.7 Fourteen districts of Byzantine city in 4th century ........................................ 31 Figure 2.8 Galata Walls 15th century ............................................................................. 32 Figure 2.9 Map of Cristoforo Baudelmonte .................................................................... 34 Figure 2.10 Vavassore's Istanbul Gravure ...................................................................... 36 Figure 2.11 Closer Look ................................................................................................. 36 Figure 2.12 Braun & Hogenberg's view of İstanbul ....................................................... 37 Figure 2.13 Closer Look ................................................................................................. 38 Figure 2.14 Miniature Map of Matrakçı Nasuh .............................................................. 39 Figure 2.15 d’Ostoya’s Karaköy Pera Map..................................................................... 39 Figure 2.16 A passageway in Galata Walls .................................................................... 41 Figure 2.17 İstanbul Municipal Bureaus ......................................................................... 41 Figure 2.18 New Larger Streets of Galata ...................................................................... 43 Figure 2.19 1913 Karaköy-Tophane Tramway Line....................................................... 44 Figure 2.20 The coastline between Tophane and Karaköy ............................................. 46 Figure 2.21 Dimitrios Kalumenos’ Photo ....................................................................... 48 Figure 2.22 Karaköy Docks ............................................................................................ 49 Figure 2.23 Karaköy Demolitions ................................................................................... 49 Figure 3.1 Appearance of Mumhane St on Goad Map 1904-1906 ................................. 54 Figure 3.2 Appearance of Mumhane St on Nirven Map 1946 ........................................ 55 Figure 3.3 Appearance of Mumhane St IBB Map 2016 ................................................. 55 Figure 3.4 The Functional Map of Mumhane Street from the study of Küçük,2012 ..... 55 Figure 3.5 Baransü’s case area and codes ....................................................................... 58 v Figure 3.6 The Function List of the Businesses in the region ......................................... 59 Figure 3.7 Recent Timeline of highlights ....................................................................... 62 Figure 3.8 Galataport Project Site ................................................................................... 66 Figure 3.9 Intensity of Tweeting in One Minute - Illustration ........................................ 68 Figure 3.10 Paşabahçe’s Closure Photo by Erdem Dilbaz .............................................. 69 Figure 3.11 2015 Function Change Map ........................................................................ 71 Figure 3.12 1995 Biennale