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Proquest Dissertations A REASSESSMENT OF E.B. PUSEY' S EARLY CONTRIBUTION TO BIBLICAL SCHOLARSHIP: AN EXAMINATION OF HIS 'LECTURES ON TYPES AND PROPHECIES OF THE OLD TESTAMENT' (1836) By Kevin John Boddecker A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Divinity of Trinity College and the Department of Biblical Studies of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Theology Awarded by the University of St. Michael's College Toronto 2010 ©Kevin John Boddecker Library and Archives Bibliothèque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-68836-6 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-68836-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ¦?I Canada A REASSESSMENT OF E.B. PUSEY'S EARLY CONTRIBUTION TO BIBLICAL SCHOLARSHIP: AN EXAMINATION OF HIS 'LECTURES ON TYPES AND PROPHECIES OF THE OLD TESTAMENT' (1 836) By Kevin John Boddecker A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Divinity of Trinity College and the Department of Biblical Studies of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Theology Awarded by the University of St. Michael's College ABSTRACT This thesis examines the 1836 'Lectures on Types and Prophecies of the Old Testament,' an early, neglected work by Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882), sometime Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford University and Canon of Christ Church. This work of Pusey' s is examined to shed light on his early biblical scholarship and in order to reconstruct his understanding of prophecy, biblical inspiration, history and typology. Pusey' s 'Lectures' are examined in relation to his various influences, namely the Church Fathers, nineteenth-century Anglo-Catholic thought and English Romantic poetry. The 'Lectures' are also considered within the history of modern biblical scholarship as an example of post-Enlightenment typological interpretation. Finally, this examination of Pusey' s 'Lectures' fills a gap in his intellectual development and seeks to correct misunderstandings of this important, transitional period in his biography. ii CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 IL TYPES AND PROPHECIES BEFORE PUSEY: FROM THOMAS AQUINAS TO THOMASSHERLOCK 9 Typology and Allegory in Patristic and Medieval Christianity: Thomas Aquinas 9 The Protestant Reformation and the Insistence on Literal Interpretation: Luther and Calvin 12 Precriticai Biblical Interpretation in Roman Catholicism and Protestantism . 14 Biblical Interpretation's Political Turn and the Birth of Criticism: Hobbes and Spinoza 15 Meaningful Language and the Problem of Prophecy: Locke, Whiston and Collins 17 Providence, Prophecy, and the Re-Turn towards Typology: Thomas Sherlock 21 Conclusion 23 III. E. B. PUSEY'S THEORY OF TYPES AND PROPHECIES: THE OPENING LECTURE IN "LECTURES ON TYPES AND PROPECHIES OFTHEOLDTESTAMENT" 24 Pusey' s Criticism of the Apologetic Approach to Old Testament Prophecy . 24 The Theoretical Foundations of Pusey' s Typology 32 The Theological Foundation of Pusey' s Typology 44 Conclusion 50 IV. E. B. PUSEY' S INTERPRETATION OF TYPES AND PROPHECIES:THE SUCCEEDING LECTURES IN "LECTURES ON TYPES AND PROPHECIES OFTHEOLDTESTAMENT" 54 Humanity's Fall and the Protoevangelical Promise 56 Prophecy in the Patriarchal Narratives 70 Types in the Exodus Narratives and the Mosaic Legislation 77 The Typological Interpretation of the Passover 89 V. CONCLUSION 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY 99 Chapter One Introduction Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882), the Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford University and Canon of Christ Church, is a figure in the history of biblical interpretation who has been variously ignored, often misunderstood, and sometimes even maligned by those surveying the intellectual history of nineteenth-century England. Although his abilities as a gifted theologian, churchman, and biblical interpreter were demonstrated throughout his lifetime in his various tracts, essays, commentaries and lectures, and his learning was manifested by his prominence in the English Church of day and his academic appointments, he is now all but forgotten. His life has not be retold since the original publication of the biography written by his disciple, H. P. Liddon, in the decade following Pusey's death and only a few of his works have been republished in the last century. This ignorance of Pusey in current biblical scholarship most likely results from a contemporary scholarly disapproval of his opposition to the development of biblical criticism in England. As a young scholar studying abroad in Germany, Pusey came into contact for the first time with the burgeoning historical criticism in the lecture of the Göttingen professor J. G. Eichorn which aroused in him a fear of the possible negative impact this sort of rationalism would have if it took root in his native soil: I can remember the room in Göttingen in which I was sitting when the real condition of religious thought in Germany flashed upon me. 'This will come upon us in England; and how utterly unprepared for it we are!' From that time I determined to devote myself more earnestly to the Old Testament, as the field in which Rationalism seemed to be most successful.1 1 Liddon, H. P. Life ofE. B. Pusey, D.D. Vol I (London: Longmans & Co., 1894), op. cit., 77. 1 This intention to defend the English people against the destructive influence of biblical criticism and rationalism would guide the rest of Pusey's ecclesiastical and academic career, finding its fullest expression in his very erudite and controversial lectures on Daniel the Prophet (1864), which were his response to the publication of the Essays and Reviews (I860).2 In these lectures, against the rising consensus of continental Old Testament scholarship that ascribed parts of the book of Daniel to a pseudonymous Maccabean writer, Pusey argued for the sixth-century dating of the whole book on the basis of an extended argument based on historical and philological evidence. By this, he hoped to strip the Old Testament criticism employed by the authors of the Essays and Reviews of its scientific pretence, exposing it as a system built on unbelief, and to vindicate the prophetic authenticity of the book of Daniel, and perhaps, in so doing, of the Old Testament as a whole. However, following Pusey's death, with the appointment of S. R. Driver as the succeeding Regius Professor of Hebrew and the publication of his commentary on Daniel around the turn of the twentieth century, Pusey's position on the book of Daniel became increasingly unpopular and supposedly untenable. Along with this, the next generation saw the ascendancy of historical criticism as the pre-eminent, if not singular, model of biblical interpretation in England, as well as in the United States and continental Europe. The equation of biblical criticism with biblical scholarship resulted in the unwillingness of many scholars to take Pusey seriously as a biblical scholar. Instead, a portrait was produced of the man as one who, while showing promise and potential as a young scholar, was led, for some unknown reason, to abdicate his earlier learning and to trade in his scholarly creativity to become a vanguard of For the text of the Essays and Reviews along with the history of its publication and the responses it evoked, cf. Victor Shea and William Whitla, ed. Essays and Reviews: The 1860 Text 2 traditional Anglo-Catholicism, thereby proving himself to be little more than a road block in the way of the development of British biblical scholarship in the Victorian era.3 An example of this portrayal of Pusey can be found in John Rogerson's Old Testament Criticism in the Nineteenth Century: England and Germany. While the author claims in his preface that his book is concern with the "reception of biblical criticism among English (some might want to add Anglican) Old Testament
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