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Copyright © 2016 Matthew Habib Emadi All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2016 Matthew Habib Emadi All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE ROYAL PRIEST: PSALM 110 IN BIBLICAL- THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Matthew Habib Emadi May 2016 APPROVAL SHEET THE ROYAL PRIEST: PSALM 110 IN BIBLICAL- THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Matthew Habib Emadi Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ James M. Hamilton (Chair) __________________________________________ Peter J. Gentry __________________________________________ Brian J. Vickers Date______________________________ To my wife, Brittany, who is wonderfully patient, encouraging, faithful, and loving To our children, Elijah, Jeremiah, Aliyah, and Josiah, may you be as a kingdom and priests to our God (Rev 5:10) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 Priesthood in Crisis ............................................................................................. 2 Thesis .................................................................................................................. 5 Survey of Modern Research ............................................................................... 8 Royal Priesthood: Historical Reconstructions of Israelite Kingship ......... 9 Biblical-Theological Literature ................................................................ 18 Summary .................................................................................................. 21 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 24 Presuppositions ........................................................................................ 25 Biblical Theology ..................................................................................... 26 Preview ............................................................................................................. 29 2. ROYAL PRIESTHOOD IN THE LAW .............................................................. 32 Adam ................................................................................................................ 33 Adam as king ........................................................................................... 33 Adam as priest .......................................................................................... 41 Summary .................................................................................................. 47 iv Chapter Page Noah ................................................................................................................. 49 Noah as king ............................................................................................. 50 Noah as Priest ........................................................................................... 52 Summary .................................................................................................. 54 Melchizedek ..................................................................................................... 55 Priest after the Order of Adam and Noah ................................................ 56 Melchizedek and the Abrahamic Covenant ............................................. 66 Israel ................................................................................................................. 75 The Last Adam ......................................................................................... 76 A Royal Priesthood .................................................................................. 78 Aaron as Royal Priest ............................................................................... 84 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 92 3. THE DAVIDIC PRIEST-KING: PSALM 110 IN OT CONTEXT .................... 95 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 95 Translation of MT ............................................................................................. 97 Psalm 110 in Immediate Context ..................................................................... 98 Literary Structure ............................................................................................ 101 Davidic Covenant ........................................................................................... 102 David and Abraham ........................................................................................ 108 Canonical Exegesis ......................................................................................... 110 Psalm 110:1a .......................................................................................... 110 Psalms 1–2: The Psalter’s Interpretive Lens .......................................... 113 Parallels Between Psalms 1–2 and Psalm 110 ....................................... 122 Psalm 110:1b .......................................................................................... 125 Psalm 110:2 ............................................................................................ 132 v Chapter Page Psalm 110:3 ............................................................................................ 134 Psalm 110:4 ............................................................................................ 141 2 Samuel 6: David as a New Melchizedek ............................................ 148 The Priest-King of 1–2 Samuel .............................................................. 151 Psalm 110:5 ............................................................................................ 156 Psalm 110:6 ............................................................................................ 158 Psalm 110:7 ............................................................................................ 160 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 162 4. ROYAL PRIESTLY MESSIANISM: PSALM 110 IN THE INTERTESTAMENTAL LITERATURE ......................................................... 164 Introduction .................................................................................................... 164 Messianic Portraits in the Second Temple Period: Priest, King and Priest, or Priest-King? .......................................... 165 Hasmonean Rule ............................................................................................. 166 Testament of Reuben ...................................................................................... 168 Testament of Levi ........................................................................................... 168 Enochic Literature .......................................................................................... 171 1 Enoch .................................................................................................. 171 2 Enoch .................................................................................................. 172 11QMelchizedek ............................................................................................. 174 Overview ................................................................................................ 175 Kingship in 11QMelchizedek ................................................................. 175 Priesthood in 11QMelchizedek ............................................................... 179 Summary ................................................................................................ 181 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 182 5. THE ROYAL PRIEST: THE MELCHIZEDEKIAN PRIEST-KING OF PSALM 110 IN THE NEW TESTAMENT ................................................ 183 vi Chapter Page Introduction .................................................................................................... 183 Gospel of Mark ............................................................................................... 184 The Kingdom of God is Near ................................................................. 185 Jesus the Priest ................................................................................................ 189 Mark 1:21–28 and 5:1–20 ...................................................................... 189 Mark 1:40–45 ......................................................................................... 191 Mark 2:1–12 ........................................................................................... 193 Mark 2:23–3:6 ........................................................................................ 194 Mark 7:14–23 ........................................................................................
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