Similarities and Differences Between the Old Testament and the Ancient Near Eastern Texts
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Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(S): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol
Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(s): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 105, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 385-408 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3260509 . Accessed: 11/05/2013 22:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 143.207.2.50 on Sat, 11 May 2013 22:44:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JBL 105/3 (1986) 385-408 ASHERAH IN THE HEBREW BIBLE AND NORTHWEST SEMITIC LITERATURE* JOHN DAY Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, England, OX2 6QA The late lamented Mitchell Dahood was noted for the use he made of the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts in the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible. Although many of his views are open to question, it is indisputable that the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts have revolutionized our understanding of the Bible. One matter in which this is certainly the case is the subject of this paper, Asherah.' Until the discovery of the Ugaritic texts in 1929 and subsequent years it was common for scholars to deny the very existence of the goddess Asherah, whether in or outside the Bible, and many of those who did accept her existence wrongly equated her with Astarte. -
Republic of Iraq
Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement -
Herodotus on Sacred Marriage and Sacred Prostitution at Babylon
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 31 | 2018 Varia Herodotus on Sacred Marriage and Sacred Prostitution at Babylon Eva Anagnostou‑Laoutides and Michael B. Charles Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2653 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.2653 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 9-37 ISBN: 978-2-87562-055-2 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Eva Anagnostou‑Laoutides and Michael B. Charles, “Herodotus on Sacred Marriage and Sacred Prostitution at Babylon”, Kernos [Online], 31 | 2018, Online since 01 October 2020, connection on 24 January 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2653 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ kernos.2653 This text was automatically generated on 24 January 2021. Kernos Herodotus on Sacred Marriage and Sacred Prostitution at Babylon 1 Herodotus on Sacred Marriage and Sacred Prostitution at Babylon Eva Anagnostou‑Laoutides and Michael B. Charles In this article, abbreviations follow the “Liste des périodiques” in L’Année philologique. Other abbreviations are as per OCD 3. Translations of ancient texts are attributed to their respective translator as they are used. Introduction 1 The article examines two passages in Herodotus: a) his description of the ziggurat at Babylon (1.181.5–182.1–2 and 1.199), which has been often quoted as corroborating evidence for the practice of “sacred marriages” in the ancient Near East;1 and b) his description -
Understanding Gilgamesh: His World and His Story Aims Toward This Process of Communication
University of Pretoria etd – De Villiers, G (2005) UNDERSTANDING GILGAMESH: HIS WORLD AND HIS STORY by GEZINA GERTRUIDA DE VILLIERS submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR LITTERARUM (SEMITIC LANGUAGES) in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES at the University of Pretoria SUPERVISOR : PROF GTM PRINSLOO Pretoria October 2004 University of Pretoria etd – De Villiers, G (2005) CONTENTS Pag CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1-1 1. Motivation for research 1-2 2. Research problem 1-4 3. Hypothesis 1-5 4. Purpose for research 1-5 5. Methodology 1-6 5.1. Source-orientated inquiry 1-6 5.2. Discourse-orientated analysis 1-7 5.2.1. Epic: poetry or prose? 1-7 6. Premises 1-9 7. Contents 1-12 CHAPTER 2 : THE STANDARD BABYLONIAN GILGAMESH EPIC 2-14 1. The narrative 2-15 CHAPTER 3 : THE SOURCE HISTORY OF THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH 3-38 1. The Sumerian past 3-38 1.1. General background 3-38 1.2. Cities 3-40 1.3. Animals 3-45 1.4. Kings 3-46 1.5. Theology 3-49 2. Sumerian literature: the five poems on Bilgames 3-56 2.1. Obscure origins: did the king really exist? 3-56 2.2. The poems 3-58 2.3. The function of the Sumerian poems 3-71 3. From frivolous frolic to academic achievement: entertainment to literature 3-72 University of Pretoria etd – De Villiers, G (2005) 3.1. Writing 3-72 3.2. From Sumerian to Akkadian 3-74 3.3. The Sumerian Renaissance 3-76 3.4. The end of Ur III and the Isin-Larsa period 3-79 3.5 Babylon 3-81 3.5.1. -
Yahweh and the Gods in the Old Testament • Yahve Et Les Dieux • Jahwe Und Die Gotter
EuroJTh (1993) 2:2, 107-117 0960-2720 • Yahweh and the Gods in the Old Testament • Yahve et les dieux • Jahwe und die Gotter J. Gordon McConville, Oxford. RESUME L'article traite des exigences exclusives a l'egard par leur integration dans un nouveau contexte de Y ahve dans le contexte d'un milieu culturel canonique? Y a-t-il une 'affirmation' ou l'on partage bien des far;ons de penser qui, quelconque dans les fragments mythologiques jusqu'a uncertain point, ont une dimension qui sont ainsi integres? En general, la religieuse. L'auteur se demande jusqu'a quel dimension canonique est consideree comme point on a raison de considerer en termes decisive ( contre Barr et en nuanr;ant purement contradictoires la relation entre le Westermann). L'auteur essaie de le montrer Yahvisme et d'autres religions. Il aborde cette pour chacun des themes en question. question en etudiant les themes de la creation, La conclusion principale est que l'AT rejette de la presence de Dieu en Sion, et des noms de avec force les elements qui sont au coeur de la Dieu. religion cananeenne. Neanmoins, l'auteur Lorsque l'AT utilise le langage suggere de distinguer entre ['affirmation 'mythologique' pourparler de la creation, cela theologique et la suggestion religieuse. Le signifre-t-il qu'il accepte, d'une certain langage de Canaan, tel qu'il est employe dans maniere, les idees mythologiques? La question l'AT, conserve une partie de son pouvoir de a plusieurs aspects et peut etre abordee du point suggestion dans le domaine religieux. -
NINAZU, the PERSONAL DEITY of GUDEA Toshiko KOBAYASHI*
NINAZU, THE PERSONAL DEITY OF GUDEA -The Continuity of Personal Deity of Rulers on the Royal Inscriptions of Lagash- Toshiko KOBAYASHI* I. Introduction 1. Historical materials from later periods For many years, I have examined the personal deities of rulers in Pre- Sargonic Lagash.(1) There are not many historical materials about the personal deities from Pre-Sargonic times. In as much as the materials are limited chiefly to the personal deities recorded in the royal inscriptions, not all aspects of personal deities are clear. In my paper "On Ninazu, as Seen in the Economic Texts of the Early Dynastic Lagas (1)" in Orient XXVIII, I discussed Ninazu, who appears in the administrative-economic texts of Pre-Sargonic Lagash. Ninazu appears only in the offering-lists in the reign of Uruinimgina, the last ruler of Pre-Sargonic Lagash. Based only on an analysis of the offering-lists, I argued that Ninazu was the personal deity of a close relative of Uruinimgina. In my investigation thus far of the extant historical materials from Pre-Sargonic Lagash, I have not found any royal inscriptions and administrative-economic texts that refer to Ninazu as dingir-ra-ni ("his deity"), that is, as his personal deity. However, in later historical materials two texts refer to Ninazu as "his deity."(2) One of the texts is FLP 2641,(3) a royal inscription by Gudea, engraved on a clay cone. The text states, "For his deity Ninazu, Gudea, ensi of Lagash, built his temple in Girsu." Gudea is one of the rulers belonging to prosperous Lagash in the Pre-Ur III period; that is, when the Akkad dynasty was in decline, after having been raided by Gutium. -
An Adult Female Sheep Is Called a Ewe. an Adult Male Sheep Is Called a Ram
Where do sheep live? Some sheep are kept in a barn year round. They are kept in small groups in pens. They have access to feed and water. Some sheep are kept outside year round in a field. Even though sheep have wool, they still need barns or a windbreak - like a group of trees - for shelter in the winter. A group of sheep is called a flock. A farmer’s flock can range from two sheep to over 1,500 ewes with their lambs. What do sheep eat? Sheep are ruminants, meaning they eat plants and digest it in a series of four compartments in their stomach. A sheep’s diet consists of mainly forages - grasses like alfalfa and clover, or hay (dried grasses). Sheep often graze on land that can’t grow other crops. At certain times during the year, farmers may also feed their sheep feed grains - corn, barley, oats, soybeans - as well as vitamins and minerals. What comes from sheep? Most of the sheep raised in Canada are for meat (called lamb). Dairy sheep are milked much like a dairy cow and their milk is then used to make dairy products like cheese and yogurt. Some sheep are raised to produce fibre. The wool from the sheep is sheared at least once a year. It is then cleaned and spun into yarn. • An adult female sheep is called a ewe. An adult male sheep is called a ram. A sheep that is less than 1 year of age is called a lamb. • Sheep need to have their wool shorn at least once a year. -
Copyright © 2016 Matthew Habib Emadi All Rights Reserved. The
Copyright © 2016 Matthew Habib Emadi All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE ROYAL PRIEST: PSALM 110 IN BIBLICAL- THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Matthew Habib Emadi May 2016 APPROVAL SHEET THE ROYAL PRIEST: PSALM 110 IN BIBLICAL- THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Matthew Habib Emadi Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ James M. Hamilton (Chair) __________________________________________ Peter J. Gentry __________________________________________ Brian J. Vickers Date______________________________ To my wife, Brittany, who is wonderfully patient, encouraging, faithful, and loving To our children, Elijah, Jeremiah, Aliyah, and Josiah, may you be as a kingdom and priests to our God (Rev 5:10) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xii PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ -
Stones, Bones, and States: a New Approach to the Neolithic Revolution
1 Stones, Bones, and States: A New Approach to the Neolithic Revolution Richard H. Steckel and John Wallis February 19, 2007 The invention of agriculture, the wide spread shift to a sedentary lifestyle, and the growth of large population centers began around 10,000 years ago in what we now call the Neolithic revolution. This profound change in human activity marks the beginning of modern human society and has long been of interest to economists, anthropologists, and social scientists in general. Was it caused by a shift in relative prices due to climate, population pressure, or changes in the animal environment? Did it result from technological innovation in human knowledge about the physical world? Was institutional change a catalyst? Early research was highly speculative, with abundant explanations built on little data. New evidence from archeology and anthropology has eliminated some hypotheses and raised possibilities for answering more specific questions. This paper contributes to both the Neolithic empirical evidence and the theoretical questions about the Neolithic revolution. We propose a theoretical answer to how larger social groups were organized. A sedentary life-style was necessary for settled agriculture, and the shift to larger population units occurred contemporaneously with, and may have even preceded, the spread of new agricultural techniques. We then focus on the paradoxes inherent in the question: why did people move into towns and cities? Urban living came at a substantial cost. Accumulating evidence from skeletons, which we discuss below, shows that Neolithic cities and towns were unhealthy. Their residents were smaller in stature than hunter-gatherers and their bones had relatively more lesions indicating dental decay, infections and other signs of physiological stress. -
Volume 8/Number 1/ November 2020/Article 5
ANUJAT/VOLUME 8/NUMBER 1/ NOVEMBER 2020/ARTICLE 5 Volume 8/ Number 1 November 2020 Article 5 Exploring the Relationship between the Mosaic Code and the Hammurabi Code ISAAC BOAHENG ISAAC BOAHENG is a PhD Candidate in Theology and a Research Fellow in the Department of Religion and Biblical Studies, University of the Free State, South Africa. He holds a Master of Divinity degree from the Trinity Theological Seminary and has research interests in Biblical Studies, Public Theology, Translation Studies and Mission, among others. Currently, Isaac is an ordained Minister of the Methodist Church, Ghana and serves as a Translator for the Bible Society of Ghana. For this and additional works at: anujat.anuc.edu.gh Copyright © November 2020 All Nations University Journal of Applied Thought (ANUJAT) and Authors Recommended Citation: Boateng, I. (2020). Exploring the Relationship between the Mosaic Code and the Hammurabi Code. All Nations University Journal of Applied Thought (ANUJAT),8(1): 77-89. All Nations University Press. doi: http://doi.org/ 10.47987/ CEFD7600 Available at: http://anujat.anuc.edu.gh/universityjournal/anujat/Vol8/No1/5.pdf ANUJAT/VOLUME 8/NUMBER 1/ NOVEMBER 2020/ARTICLE 5 Research Online is the Institutional repository for All Nations University College. For further information, contact the ANUC Library: [email protected] Abstract Over the years there has been a growing interest in the connections between the Old Testament and other Ancient Near East literature. The Hammurabi Code, a Babylonian legal document which predates the Mosaic Code by about 300 years, is one of the ancient documents that have featured prominently in such comparative studies. -
Nissinen2001.Pdf
THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ ÐAkkadian Rituals and Poetry of Divine LoveÑ MARTTI NISSINEN Published in Melammu Symposia 2: R. M. Whiting (ed.), Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological Approaches to Intercultural Influences. Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Paris, France, October 4-7, 1999 (Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001), pp. 93-136. Publisher: http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. NISSINEN A KKADIAN R ITUALS AND P OETRY OF D IVINE L OVE MARTTI N ISSINEN Helsinki Akkadian Rituals and Poetry of Divine Love haš adu išakkan u irrub u b it ru ’a mi They perform the ritual of love, they enter the house of love. K 2411 i 19 1. -
Women in the Ancient Near East: a Sourcebook
WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Women in the Ancient Near East provides a collection of primary sources that further our understanding of women from Mesopotamian and Near Eastern civiliza- tions, from the earliest historical and literary texts in the third millennium BC to the end of Mesopotamian political autonomy in the sixth century BC. This book is a valuable resource for historians of the Near East and for those studying women in the ancient world. It moves beyond simply identifying women in the Near East to attempting to place them in historical and literary context, follow- ing the latest research. A number of literary genres are represented, including myths and epics, proverbs, medical texts, law collections, letters and treaties, as well as building, dedicatory, and funerary inscriptions. Mark W. Chavalas is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, where he has taught since 1989. Among his publications are the edited Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age (1996), Mesopotamia and the Bible (2002), and The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (2006), and he has had research fellowships at Yale, Harvard, Cornell, Cal-Berkeley, and a number of other universities. He has nine seasons of exca- vation at various Bronze Age sites in Syria, including Tell Ashara/Terqa and Tell Mozan/Urkesh. ROUTLEDGE SOURCEBOOKS FOR THE ANCIENT WORLD HISTORIANS OF ANCIENT ROME, THIRD EDITION Ronald Mellor TRIALS FROM CLASSICAL ATHENS, SECOND EDITION Christopher Carey ANCIENT GREECE, THIRD EDITION Matthew Dillon and Lynda Garland READINGS IN LATE ANTIQUITY, SECOND EDITION Michael Maas GREEK AND ROMAN EDUCATION Mark Joyal, J.C.