Rogers Sbts 0207D 10304.Pdf (1.860Mb)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Copyright © 2015 Bennett Wade Rogers All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. JOHN CHARLES RYLE: AN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Bennett Wade Rogers December 2015 APPROVAL SHEET JOHN CHARLES RYLE: AN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY Bennett Wade Rogers Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ David L. Puckett (Chair) __________________________________________ Michael A.G. Haykin __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles Date ______________________________ To Christie, for your patience and encouragement, and to Henry and Hugh, for your love and laughter TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………….. vii PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………….. viii Chapter 1. CHRISTIAN AND CLERGYMAN ……………………………………………. 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………..……. 1 Family ……………………………………………………………………….. 4 Education ………………………………………………………………..…… 8 Conversion ………………………………………………………..………… 16 Religious Opinions ………………………………………………………….. 19 Ordination ……………………………………………………………...…… 25 Early Ministry ………………………………………………….…………… 29 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….. 32 2. PREACHER ……………………………………………………………...…… 35 Ryle’s Homiletical Development …………………………………………… 36 The Crucified Style …………………………………………………………. 39 Classical Influence ….…………………………….........……………… 39 Simplicity in Preaching …..……….........……………………………… 45 A Rhetorical Comparison ……………………...…………………………… 47 Ryle’s Popularity as a Preacher ......………………………………………… 54 3. PASTOR ............................................................................................................ 58 Evangelical Tracts ...………………………………………………………… 58 Expository Thoughts on the Gospels ...……………………………………… 65 iv Chapter Page Hymn-books ………………………………………………………………… 70 Conclusion ………..………………………………………………………… 84 4. CONTROVERSIALIST ………………...…....………………….……………. 86 Ritualism ………………………………………………….....……………… 87 The Lord’s Supper ………………..…………………………………… 90 Auricular Confession …………………………………………..……… 97 Ritualistic Innovation ………………………………………………… 100 Interpreting Anglicanism ………..…………………………………… 105 The Church Association ………………………………………..……. 110 Conclusion ……………............……………………………………… 113 Neology ………………………….....……………………………………… 115 The Inspiration of Scripture ……………….........……………………. 120 The Rejection of Dogma …………………………………...………… 131 Eternal Punishment ……………………………………………...…… 136 Conclusion …………………………………………………....……… 142 Keswick Spirituality ………………………………………..……………… 143 Mass Meetings …………………………………......………………… 148 Sin ………………………………………………………….....……… 149 Perfection ………………………………………………..…………… 152 The Role of Faith …………………………………..………………… 154 Entire Consecration ………………………………….............………. 158 Conclusion ………………………………................………………… 162 Ryle’s Reputation as a Controversialist ………………………………...…. 163 5. A NATIONAL MINISTRY ……………………………….………………… 165 Uniting Evangelicals ……………………….........………………………… 165 Conclusion ……………………………………………....…………… 176 v Chapter Page Defending the Establishment ……………………………………………… 177 Conclusion ………………………………………....………………… 203 Reforming the Church ………………….………………………………….. 206 Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 232 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 239 6. BISHOP …………………………………………………........……………… 240 The Second City of the Empire ……………………….…………………… 241 Challenges Facing the Diocese ……………………………………………. 246 The Appointment ……………………………………......………………… 251 Ryle’s Diocesan Strategy ……………………………….........……………. 252 More “Living Agents” ……………………….........…………………. 253 More Places of Worship ………………………………......…………. 258 A Cathedral Fit for the Second City ……………………….………… 262 Evaluation …………………………………………….....…………… 263 The Bishop and the Church ………………………………...……………… 278 Disestablishment ………………………………...…………………… 278 Decay of Doctrinal Religion ………………………………….……… 281 Higher Criticism and H.E. Ryle …………………………….......……. 284 James Bell Cox and Ritualism ……………………………………….. 290 Evaluation ……………………………………………………………. 295 Farewell to the Diocese ………………………………………....…………. 296 7. WHO WAS J. C. RYLE? ………………………………………....…………. 298 Appendix 1. VICTORIAN PERIODICALS……………………………………..………… 303 2. J. C. RYLE’S CHURCH CONGRESS PARTICIPATION …………….…… 304 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………......……… 306 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. An analysis of the composition of sermons by J. H. Newman, C. H. Spurgeon, and J. C. Ryle on John 11:1-44 ………………......………….. 53 2. Church of England church accommodation 1695-1851 ................................... 247 3. The number of clergy in the Diocese of Liverpool 1880-1897 ........................ 264 4. Total number of new churches built 1880-1900 ............................................... 265 5. The number of Anglican worshippers in the City of Liverpool in comparison to the population based on the 1851 Religious Census and the Liverpool Daily Post ................................ 267 6. Alastair Wilcox’s adjusted data on Anglican worshippers as a percentage of Liverpool’s population ........................................................ 268 7. Attendance at eight working class parish churches 1881-1902 ........................ 270 vii PREFACE At the close of this dissertation I would like to thank some of the people who helped turn this dream into a reality. I would like to thank Dr. David Puckett, my doctoral supervisor, for pointing me in Ryle’s direction and for his advice and encouragement along the way. Dr. Michael Haykin’s interest and example has spurred me on as well. I owe a debt of gratitude to an army of librarians in Liverpool, Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol, Glasgow, and London for granting me access to sources that are not available in the US, and to Southern Seminary for generously giving me a field study grant which allowed me to visit them. Ben Ruppert and his predecessors at the Southern Seminary Interlibrary Loan Office have been a tremendous help in tracking down obscure Victorian sources. And I would like to thank Dr. Miles Van Pelt and Rev. John McCarty for giving me a research room in the RTS Jackson Library and allowing me to camp out there for the last three years. I have been blessed by the love and support I have received from good friends. The Davises of Vicksburg, Mississippi, have been a constant source of encouragement. The Shearers of Anchorage, Kentucky, were our home away from home. And Ben Bailie has been a sounding-board, wise counselor, and sympathetic listener since my first day on campus. His insight and friendship enriched my time at SBTS, this dissertation, and my life. No words can adequately express my appreciation to my wife, Christie. Your sacrifice, encouragement, and faith in me have made this dream a reality. Bennett Wade Rogers Louisville, Kentucky December 2015 viii CHAPTER 1 CHRISTIAN AND CLERGYMAN Introduction J. C. Ryle is the most popular and neglected evangelical Anglican of the Victorian era. He became the undisputed leader and spokesman of the Evangelical party within the Church of England in the last half of the nineteenth century, and his works continue to be read by evangelicals of various denominational stripes more than a century after his death. Despite this popularity, he has been virtually ignored. An illuminating comparison can be made by comparing Ryle to one of his most famous contemporaries, Charles Haddon Spurgeon. In the year that Spurgeon died (1892), at least eighteen biographies were written about him. Less than half that many have been written about Ryle in the one hundred and fifteen years since his death in 1900. M. Guthrie Clark (1947) and G. W. Hart (1963) produced the first biographies of Ryle, but they are brief and based on minimal research. Marcus Loane published a short biography in 1953 and enlarged it in 1967 and again in 1983. Loane’s biographies present Ryle as a model Christian and an example of evangelical continuity within the Church of England. While Loane’s works utilize more primary and secondary source material than either Clark or Hart, these works tend to be more hagiographic and devotional than critical or scholarly. In 1975 Reiner Publications released an autobiographical fragment that Ryle composed for his family in 1873 which covered his life from 1816 to 1860. Peter Toon edited the volume and Michael Smout added a biographical postscript which discussed Ryle’s life after 1860. Following its publication, Toon, Smout, and Eric Russell set out to write the definitive critical biography of Ryle, but fell short of their goal. Eric Russell 1 was forced to abandon the project due to prior vocational commitments. Soaring production costs restricted the work to less than one hundred pages. Moreover, the authors concluded that a definitive life could not be written until more was known about evangelicalism in the Church of England and G. R. Balleine’s The History of the Evangelical Party was replaced.1 Despite these setbacks, their work remained the fullest treatment of Ryle until Eric Russell’s biography replaced it in 2001. Russell’s biography, J. C. Ryle: That Man of Granite with the Heart of the Child, is the fullest treatment of Ryle to date. Russell presents Bishop Ryle as