HE EUGENICS REVIE OCTOBER 1957

VOL. XLIX, No. 3 CONTENTS The Eugenics Society is not PAGE responsible for statements made or opinions expressed by Notes of the Quarter - - - - - 107 authors ofarticles, reviews and letters. Legal Aspects of Mental Infirmity Sex Differences in Mortality: The Long Life of Recessive Mutations: Two Swedish Studies: The Fertility of a Gifted Group: Changes in Genetic Characteristics Occasioned by Migration: A New Demographic Journal: E. 0. Lewis, C.B.E.: Our Contributors. Population Problems in the British Caribbean - 115 C. M. STEWART THE EUGENICS REVIEW is regularly indexed in the - - - - - International Index to Biology and Medicine 127 Periodical Literature. SIR MACFARLANE BURNET Inheritance of Mental Ability - - - - 137 SIR CYRIL BURT Notes and Memoranda - - - - - 141 Reviews of Books PUBLISHED QUARTERLY POPULATION - - - - - 143 Cassell & Company Ltd. PHYSIOLOGY ------145 37/38 St. Andrew's Hill, Queen Victoria Street, ZOOLOGY ------146 London, E.C.4. PSYCHOLOGY ------147 MARRIAGE ------148 Other Notices ------149

Periodicals ------151

From the Press Price: Three Shillings per copy Cuttings and Twelve Shillings per George Villiers and Other Studs - - - 156 annum, post free. Issued free JOHN FISCHER to Fellows and Members of the Eugenics Society.

A PERIODICALS The American Journal of Human Further Scoring Types in Sequential Linkage Tests, with a Critical Review of Autosomal and Partial Genetics Sex Linkage in Man-By Newton E. Morton- March 1957. Vol. 9. No. 1. This paper, fourth in a series on the application of The Local Eugenics Society-By Sheldon C. Reed- probability ratio (lod) scores to human linkage, The present Secretary of the Minnesota Human extends the scores to multiple alleles, pseudoalleles Genetics League recounts the origin and history of and partial sex linkage. Using these tests the this local society and discusses its many activities, author fails to confirm partial sex linkage in which include furthering research and helping to conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa and pring the science of human genetics before the xeroderma pigmentosum, etc., for which it had been public. claimed. Further, he reviews possible instances of autosomal linkage and in only two-(i) ellipto- The Estimation of the Size of Isolates Based on cytosis and the Rh system and (2) the nail- Census Data-By 0. Frota-Pessoa-Corrected patella syndrome and ABO blood group-does formulae for dealing with populations in the process he find the evidence irrefutable. of growth are derived in this paper. Comparison Of the several ways in which linkage analysis of results obtained in three Brazilian States with may prove useful that of resolving genetic hetero- those based on Dahlberg's formulae show the geneity has already been demonstrated in the case latter to be substantially lower estimates. of elliptocytosis. Some pedigrees show close Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors in the Etiology of linkage with the Rh system while others fail to Congenital Heart Disease: a Study of 1,188 Cases- show linkage at all, suggesting two distinct genetic By M. Lamy, J. de Grouchy and 0. Schweisguth- entities. Differences between this group of children with congenital heart disease and a control series A Genetic Study of B-Aminoisobutyric Acid included a higher mean birth rank (though not Excretion-By J. de Grouchy and H. E. Sutton- maternal age), a higher average coefficient of Chinese and Japanese families were studied because relationship between parents, a raised incidence of of the higher frequency of excretors of " BAIB" infection, threatened miscarriage, etc., during in people of Mongoloid extraction. There is no pregnancy, and a greater risk of C.H.D. in siblings evidence that individuals fall into discrete cate- in the group under study. Subdivision into eight gories of " high " or " low " excretors-rather does different clinical groups brought out further it appear that the trait is a continuous variable. features. For instance, in kinships with more than However, significant parent-child correlation one case of C.H.D. there was little intrafamily figures and higher variance between than within specificity in the type of defect. Patent ductus sibships suggest partial genetic control. arteriosus occurred three times as often in females as in males and truncular pulmonary atresia, which Achondroplasia: An Account of the Condition in inay be related developmentally to patent ductus Northern Ireland-By A. C. Stevenson-Complete was also found more often in girls. Aortic mal- ascertainment of living subjects was attempted in formations, on the other hand were more frequent this study. The great majority were isolated cases, in boys. " Irregularities during pregnancy" were probablv recipients of fresh dominant gene feature of the group with patent ductus arteriosus, mutations, and for them the excess of mean age in which there was also the greatest frequency of of fathers over mean age of mothers was signifi- antenatal rubella. cantly greater than that found in a control series. About i8 per cent of the propositi showed a (This agrees with data previously published, in second congenital malformation, notably mon- which Penrose was able to show the influence of golism. paternal age.) In each of two families out of the The authors conclude that probably both genetic total thirty-nine found, two sibs were affected but and nongenetic factors play a part and that their both parents were normal; there was parental relative importance varies according to the type consanguinity in one family. A recessive gene may of cardiac defect. have been responsible in these two kindreds. Cytologic Maps of Some Isolated Human Pachytene The author also distinguishes a group of cases Chromosomes-By George Yerganian-Tissue diagnosed at or before birth characterized by from human testes was used for this study and the hydramnios during pregnancy, associated defects method of preparation is given in detail. Nine and low viability. Parental age is not involved isolated bivalents are described- and photographed, here and these cases may be " phenocopies." including the "nucleolar chromosome " previously identified by Schultz and St. Lawrence. HELEN BLYTH. '5' THE EUGENICS REVIEW .- Annals of Human Genetics Earlier results are confirmed that the sib-sib correlation is not significantly different from o'5. June 1957. Vol. 21. Part 4. (Compare below.) Familial Distribution of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate-By M. Fraccaro-Data previously published On the Estimation of Intraclass Correlation-By by Boi (I953) have been further investigated to C. A. B. Smith-Intraclass correlations are of analyse the familial distribution of the erythrocyte considerable importance in genetics, and this sedimentation rate (E.S.R.). The logarithm of the mathematical paper discusses their calculation, E.S.R. is approximately normally distributed. as well as the use of the relevant analysis of In fifty families of two parents and one child, with variance in standard, weighted and semi-weighted apparently healthy children, the parent-child and forms. mid-parent child correlations were close to those expected on the hypothesis of multiple additive Le Nombre de Dermatoglyphes dans un Echantillon genes, i.e. i and IIx/2. In I20 families with the de Jumeaux-By Maurice Lamy, Jean Frezal, child affected by an infectious disease the parent J. De Grouchy et Mme. J. Kelley.-A sample of child correlation was o03o and significantly 584 pairs of twins has been investigated with lower than 0o5. regard to total finger ridge-counts. -Using clinical criteria, including hair and eye colour, P.T.C. Body Size and Weight in Relation to Varicocoele sensitivity and blood groups, 3I2 pairs were judged and Hernia-By Sheila Maynard Smith-The to be dizygotic and I72 pairs monozygotic. The problem of the relation between body-build and correlation between dizygotic sibs was not signifi- susceptibility to disease has been studied for cantly different from o-s, while that between varicocoele and hernia. The method used is to try monozygotic sibs was of the order of o095. This to find a function of height and weight that will fits in with the view that the total ridge-count is best discriminate between affected groups and the very largely genetically determined and that general population. With varicocoele a quadratic additive genes without dominance are involved. function gives the best results. But with hernia (Compare above.) the body-build index (height) / 3/ (weight) is satisfactory, individuals with values of the index The Log Likelihood Ratio Test (the G-test). Methods below an appropriate constant being most and Table for Tests of Heterogeneity in Contingency susceptible. Tables-By Barnet Woolf-This paper recommends the log likelihood ratio test in contingency tables Defective Colour Vision, P.T.C. Tasting and for heterogeneity, instead of the more usual X2 Drepanocytosis in Samples from Fifteen Brazilian test. The use of the test, which has certain theoreti-- Populations-By H. Kalmus-This paper gives cal advantages, is described, and tables are some information on the incidence of defective provided which it is claimed result in an appreciable colour vision, P.T.C. tasting and the sickle-cell saving in computation time compared with the trait in several Brazilian communities. No great ordinary x2. differences in the incidence of defective colour vision were found. Non-tasters were rare or Further Families Showing Linkage Between the absent in two Indian groups; comparatively ABO and Nail-patella Loci, with no Evidence of infrequent amongst negroes, mulattos, cabaclos Heterogeneity-By Sylvia D. Lawler, J. H. and Japanese; and similar in frequency to West Renwick and L. S. Wildervanck-Further data on Europeans amongst whites. Sickling was in the linkage between the nail-patella syndrome and general absent except in negroes and mulattos. the ABO blood group system are presented. No heterogeneity between families has been detected, Dystrophia Myotonica with Special Reference to and the revised estimate of recombination fraction Northern Ireland-By Margaret A. Lynas-A is IO-7 i 2*8 per cent. survey has been made of all persons in Northern Ireland known to be suffering from dystrophia Blood Groups and Hemoglobin Variants in myotonica. The paper discusses the clinical, Nigerian (Yoruba) Schoolchildren-By J. P. Garlick hereditary and biochemical aspects of the disease, and N. A. Barnicot-Blood samples from 317 West and also the problem of differential diagnosis Nigerian schoolchildren of about six years of age between it and the group of diseases characterized were examined. Frequencies are given for the by myotonia and the primary muscular dystro- A,A2BO, MN, Lutheran and Henshaw blood phies. A rough estimate of mutation rate is also groups. The incidences of certain haemoglobin given. variants are also reported. The sickling frequency was found to be about 27 per cent, and the Genetics of Dermal Ridges: Sib Pair Correlations for proportion of positives for malarial parasitaemia Total Finger Ridge-count-By Sarah B. Holt- was 83 per cent, though these two classifications Fresh data on total finger ridge-counts have been were quite independent of one another. analysed for 210 sibships with 523 members. NORMAN T. J. BAILEY. PERIODICALS I 53 Eugenics Quarterly. ence on Planned Parenthood, October 24-29, 1955, Tokyo, Japan. English and Japanese editions March 1957. Vol. 4. No. 1. published by the International Planned Parenthood Differential Fertility by Duration of Marriage-By Federation London. A full and interesting review Christopher Tietz and Wilson H. Grabill-A paper by Dorothy H. Brush, Chairman of the Brush read at the annual meeting of the American Foundation for Race Betterment. Sociological Society in I956 which concludes that " the average size of family for the white population The Hazards to Man of Nuclear and Allied J?adia- of the United States, as reflected by the number of tions. Medical Research Council. H.M. Stationery children born during the first ten to fourteen years Office, London-Dr. Gordon Allen speaks of this of marriage, remained approximately stable publication as " probably the most complete and between the marriage cohorts of I925-29 and those authoritative summary now available on this of I935-39. Fertility differentials between socio- subject." economic classes, defined in occupational or educational terms, were substantially reduced." Mental Disorders in Later Life-Edited by Oscar J. Kaplan. Stanford University Press, California- Traits, Factors and Genes-By William R. A second edition, the first having been published Thompson-This paper discusses in considerable in 1945, thus bringing the work up to 1956. Four detail the question of finding rational units of fresh contributors now make a total of twenty-one, behaviour or " unit traits " which can be measured and one chapter on " Genetic Aspects of Mental independently and " whose genetic causation can Disorders in Later Life " and one on " The Use of readily be traced." The method of factor analysis Electric Shock Therapy in Older Patients" are is particularly stressed and suggestions are made entirely new. 'regarding possible relationships between " traits, factors and genes." Zwillingstuberkulose III-Nachuntersuchung nach 20 Jahren an der Serie tuberkuloser Zwillinge-by Family Planning among Japanese on Public Relief Helmut Mitschrich-Verlag. Stuttgart-reviewed -By Yoshio Koya-Describes and discusses the by Karel Planansky-It is suggested that this data obtained in the third year of a five-year monograph will interest those clinicians who will experiment and survey in " giving guidance of enjoy checking their prognoses with these unique conception control to all classes of our nation" case reports. It seems of genetic significance that with particular reference to 418 families which only in identicals with both infected did both were receiving Public Assistance. These families members die of tuberculosis. forming the group under investigation were not necessarily " Problem Families "-many of them Land of the Moon-Children-By Clyde E. Keeler- having lost their homes and property owing to air An ethnographic study derived from five summers action. spent among the Cuna-Caribe Indians on the San Blas Islands off the north coast of Panama. The Uniqueness of Man-By G. W. Beale-An article actual " Moon-Children " are a small number of based on the Presidential Address to the American albinos-, believed to result from the pregnant Association for the Advancement of Science in mother gazing at the moon. I956 and referred to editorially as an " address of exceptional significance," and might be described Warbasse History-By James Peter Warbasse-A as a thumb-nail sketch of cosmogony. schplarly investigation by the author, a surgeon, into his family history. He finds no geniuses and Some Relations between Thyroid Disease and no crime or abnormality. From 1753, 325 individ- Genetics-By Sidney C. Werner-Despite general uals are noticed-all " wholesome, respected agreement that genetic factors seem to be involved people." in thyroid disease opinions vary on certain aspects C. W. USHER. of the problem. This paper aims at summarizing those aspects and brings forward allied physio- logical matters of genetical interest. Phylon. The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture. Consanguineous Marriages in Italy-By Marco Fraccaro-A note on the frequency of first cousin, Vol. 17. Fourth Quarter, 1956. uncle-niece and aunt-nephew marriages contracted This number is largely devoted to the memory of in I953. The 4uthor concludes that the data from Charles Spurgeon Johnson, whose " sudden and official Italian statistics is not suitable in its untimely death " is mourned and whose position as present form for an efficient analysis. an outstanding international figure is proclaimed and extolled by the Editor and in three further Book Reviews articles by leaders of the Negro cause, who have Overpopulation and Family Planning: Report of " contributed an illuminating profile." Those who the Proceedings of the Fifth International Confer- remember Dr. Johnson's visit to this country only 154 THE EUGENICS REVIEW a short time ago will recollect him not only as the Southern Resistance Forces-By Frederick B. Routh Negro President of a great American University and Paul Anthony-and Southern White Citizens (Fisk) but as a very charming man. and the Supreme Court-By Grady Fowler-also deal with the attitude of the South. The latter How Le Machoquette was Changed into a Tornado believes that contrary to their " leaders," " loyal -By Turenne Des Pres-A Haitian Folk Tale white. citizens want no part in the attack on the which shows how, in the Caribbean at least, the Supreme Court." Devil is white. The Gold Coast begins Self Government-By The Right Way is not a Moderate Way-By Lillian Alphonso A. McPheeters-gives an analysis of the Smith-is a protest against the " hypnotic impact of national and international events and a psychology" of neutrality and moderation. warning of the importance of achieving success in this important experiment. In The Local Church and Race Relations, C. E. Lincoln implores the Church to give up its " gross Chinese Refugees in Hong Kong-By Edvard and undignified ostriching" and embrace true Hambro-A Norwegian who has recently con- Christianity which, of course, means not mere ducted a survey for the United Nations on refugee acceptance but actual love for other races. problems in Hong Kong makes various useful suggestions. Spanish Guinea: Enclave Empire By Sanford Berman-is a most interesting account of Spanish The Status of Colored Peoples in Britain-By Eyo colonialism and colonial aspirations " revitalised B. Ndem-should be read by all who wish to and increased since the Franco ascension to understand a complicated situation increasingly power." in our midst. This number is interspersed with the usual Other notable articles are Symbolism of the tantalising Phylon Verse, if not always the highest Negro College in Three Recent Novels-By Juanita poetry: G. Starke; Negro Intellectual Leadership in the "The foxes chase the hounds upon a moor... National Association for the Advancement of Now listen if you never did before" Coloured People: 1910-1940-By Wilson Record; Called Pause for Station Identification by Lilith Language and Prejudice towards Negroes-By Lorraine. Simon Podair. The Book Reviews have their usual wide range. This number contains six Phylon Poems which Under the general heading " Light and Dark in are rather charming and a dozen Book Reviews British Novels " all the six novels criticised and varying from The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in summarised by Edward Clark go to show that the Ante-Bellum South by Kenneth M. Stampp: inter-racial love enobles and integrates both hero Knopf, 1956, $5.75 (Charles H. Nichols) to The and heroine and gives their lives a purpose and French Faust: Henri de Saint Simon by Maturin satisfaction unknown hitherto. Dondo: Philosophical Library, I955. $3.75 (John H. Morrow). URSULA GRANT DUFF.

Vol. 18. First Quarter, 1957. Population Studies A Long Hard Look at the Ghetto: A Critical July 1957. Vol. 11. No. 1. Summary of Literature by and about Negroes in A Demographic Study of the British Ducal Families 1956-By John Lash-has a useful bibliography. -By T. H. Hollingsworth-The number of legiti- mate offspring of British kings and queens and Facing the Challenge of a New Age-By Martin dukes and duchesses born between I330 and 1955 Luther King Jr.-" the inspirational, philosophical was nearly two thousand. Their lives are fairly and religious leader of the now famous Mont- well documented, even for the early years, and the gomery, Alabama, bus boycott-a social movement available material has been used as the basis for an -places the problem into a historical, philosophical interesting study of the mortality, marriage and and moral perspective." From Heraclitus through fertility of the aristocracy. The results are com- Hegel and Emerson to Ghandi he finds that pared with figures for the royal families of Europe. " justice can best be achieved through techniques of non-violence." The Measurement of Population Distribution-By Otis Dudley Duncan-An account of the various Desegregation, Education and the South's Future- possible ways of measuring and expressing popula- By Nick J. Demerath-suggests " moderation tion density, concentration and spacing. This is a rather than extremism" differing sharply from relatively new subject deserving of greater Miss Lillian Smith in the previous number. attention in the future than in the past. PERIODICALS '55

Social Ambitions of the Bourgeoisie in Eighteenth quent paper will discuss some possible determinants Century France, and their Relation to Family of fertility, particularly social mobility. Limitation-By J. G. C. Blacker-Historical research shows that before the Revolution it was Applicants for Assisted Migration from the United possible in certain circumstances to buy one's way Kingdom to New Zealand-By L. B. Brown- into the French nobility. To do so was not so Most migration data relate to actual migrants. This expensive as to be prohibitive but it was costly survey was conducted in order to see whether enough to require the accumulation of wealth would-be emigrants show any different features. gradually over a long period. This was conducive Some differences are revealed in this way, but to family limitation. these are probably attributable in large measure to the selective conditions of the assisted migration Death Rates, Age Distribution and Average Income scheme. in Stationary Populations-By Leif Johansen- This is an example of a kind of research that is A New Method for Calculating Lotka's r - the becoming popular and for which there is a need Intrinsic Rate of Growth in a Stable Population- to-day: the investigation of demographic-economic By Ansley J. Coale-A rapid and satisfying method interrelationships. Here production and consump- of finding a solution to the fundamental equation tion functions are introduced into population of the " stable " population. mathematics in order to ascertain the effect of falling death rates in certain circumstances. Books Reviewed in this number include Migration and Mental Disease (Malzberg and Lee) and Social The Fertility of Teachers in England and Wales- Characteristics of Urban and Rural Communities By Wolf Scott-An analysis of cohort fertility (Duncan and Reiss). based on a sample survey made in I955. A subse- P. R. C.

the Review of the ITALIAN COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF POPULATION PROBLEMS and of the ITALIAN SOCIETY OF GENETICS AND EUGENICS edited under the auspices of the National Research Council Editor: CORRADO GINI Sumnmary of Volume XII, December I956. C. GINI Un'inchiesta sugli emigranti italo-americani. C. CANALI DE RossI Appunti sociologici su tre centri di emigrazione (S. Giovanni Incarico, Ceccano, Ricigliano). A. NADDEO Ulteriori studi sulla fecondita e fecondabilit'a delle primipare. A. NADDEO Su una nuova funzione rappresentativa dello sviluppo demografico. C. A. ANDERSON A Footnote to the Social History Modern Russia; The Literacy and Educational Census of I897. F. PEDRONI Sviluppo e situazione attuale dell'istruzione pubblica dell'Unione Sovietica. L. E. TAVENER New Light on the Adventure and Beagle Expedition, I826-36. C. GINI Facolta extra-sensoriali e subcosciente. C. GINI E la Sociologia estranea alla cultura italiana oppure chi lo dice ignora i sociologi italani? C. D'AGATA Intelligenza e prolificita. Review of Italian, English, American, French, German, Dutch, Belgian, Chinese, South-American books. G E N U S accepts scientific articles, papers, notes and communications written in Italian, English, French, German and Spanish in the field of the different sciences related to population problems (Demography, Sociology, Economics, General Biology, Genetics, Eugenics, Anthropology, Social Hygiene, Psychology, Geography) Orders should be addressed to: Segreteria del Comitato Italiano per lo Studio dei Problemi della Popolazione, Via delle Terme di Diocleziano, no lO-Roma (M-8@) (Italy). FROM THE PRESS CUTTINGS Instead of the selection of press cuttings which usually appears in this column, we reproduce below a leading article from Harper's Magazine* (New York) by its Editor, John Fischer, to whom we are grateful for permission to reprint it. George Villiers and Other Studs Elizabeth II, but they are by no means unique. Other members of the clan-the great Duke of A dreadful book has recently been published in Marlborough, for example, and the two Pitts- England. God grant that it may never be published saved England in their times of crisis just as here. brilliantly as Churchill did in his. Whenever the It masquerades under an innocent-sounding island is in mortal peril, an offspring of Villiers title: Uncommon People. Its author, Paul Bloom- seems to turn up at the head of the government, field, purports to be a decent citizen, with a or the armies, or both; and he wins. (Unlike most negative Wasserman test and no record of subver- Englishmen, these people are not good losers; they sive activity. Its subject looks harmless; it is like to win, and make a habit of it.) advertised as the story of George Villiers, who died 350 years ago, and the history of his descendants They also make a habit of running the kingdom, and those of five other respectable Englishmen. in peacetime as well as in war. Ever since Sir The unwary might mistake it for another of those George's day there has hardly been a cabinet- tedious volumes of genealogy which are read by except during the Labour governments-which old ladies in Boston and Richmond. did not contain at least one of them. They collect Actually it oozes poison of high virulence. responsibilities, honours, and titles the way a blue Nothing Marx or Lenin ever wrote poses such a serge suit collects lint, so that even to American sneaky threat to the American Way of Life. Their ears a list of their names sounds like a roll call of ham-handed arguments can be immediately chieftains-Salisburys, Cecils, Pakenhams, Stanleys recognized, by most Americans, as preposterous; . .. the Dukes of Berwick, Manchester, Atholl, but Bloomfield's are so plausible and seductive Hamilton, and Grafton ... the Stanhopes, Gran- that it is doubtful that even the Daughters of the villes, Cavendishes, Ponsonbys, Howards, Russells, American Revolution could hold out against them. and " the proud fighting Napiers " . . . the Earls of (The Daughters may, in fact, be especially Sussex, Jersey, Portland, Clarendon, Desmond, susceptible to his evil whisperings.) Denbigh, and Lichfield . . . Melbourne, Charles So if the Bloomfield Heresy were widely circu- James Fox, Castlereagh, and Eden . . . plus lated in this country it might, in time, undermine miscellaneous lords, knights, and Big Wheels by our political institutions, our habits of courtship the dozen. and marriage, our school system, and the whole Nor is their genius limited to politics and tone of our social life. We can feel safe only if the fighting. The Villiers Connection (as Bloomfield customs officers do their duty with relentless calls it) also produces far more than its share of efficiency, burning every copy of this book they brilliant performers in other fields-Bertrand may discover in the luggage of smugglers and Russell in mathematics and philosophy, Henry returning tourists. Fielding in fiction, Lord David Cecil in history, to Bloomfield opens his work with a deceptively mention only a few. (Though so far as I can simple tale. He tells how Sir George Villiers lived discover, it has yet to come up with a really good through the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in com- musician or painter.) Never has there been another fortable obscurity, marrying twice and raising nine blood line like it anywhere. children. In his lifetime no one remarked him as But a few have come close. Bloomfield goes on to exceptional. Yet, as the story of his family trace the records of five other uncommon families: unravels through the centuries, it becomes plain (a) the Quaker dynasty, descended from Robert that this farmer was one of the most exceptional Barclay, which spawned a remarkable brood of men who ever lived. He may, indeed, have been bankers, reformers, abolitionists, scientists, and of the all-time champion sire-a sort of human course politicians; (b) the Salisbury Cecils, who Man-o'-War. tend to interbreed with Villiers, and who govern For his stud-book record is thick with genius. as naturally as they breathe; (c) the Wedgwood- Villiers' descendants-legitimate or otherwise- Darwin clan, which runs heavily to scientists and have run the affairs of England for much of the industrialists; (d) the Macaulay-Trevelyan strain, last three hundred years. Of those now living, the which produces mostly historians, poets, critics, best known are Sir Winston Churchill and Queen novelists, educators, and painters (Aldous Huxley and Rose Macaulay are samples of the current * Harper's Magazine, August I957. No. I287 (Vol. generation); and (e) the Strachey-Stephen con- 2I5). nection, which specializes in empire builders, 156 FROM THE PRESS CUTTINGS '57 teachers, and writers (including Virginia Woolf and their eyes on the main chance, they also had a David Garnett). sense of duty. As Bloomfield points out, " the Altogether these six clans, in all their generations, uncommonness that ran in the great families ... add up to a tiny fraction of the British population. went with solicitude either for the common people Yet they have been responsible for a very large or for the decent and efficient conduct of public fraction of British civilization. An inordinate business, or both." share of all that is good, enduring, wise, beautiful, The horrid moral of this book is inescapable: or merely famous in contemporary England has A nation depends for most of its culture, for its sprung from this handful of uncommon men and government, and for its survival on a relatively women. few uncommon people-and these come from a Among all of them it is noteworthy that five still smaller number of blood strains. As in other uncommon characteristics show up in generation species, from the influenza virus to thoroughbred after generation. Not every member of the Six horses and Santa Gertrudis cattle, these strains Families has all five, by any means, but many start with a mutation. Suddenly and unpredic- have two or three and the truly eminent display a tably, an exceptional individual crops up in a full hand. They are: family of no previous distinction. One of his (i) Intelligence. The most universal of the five unusual qualities is purely genetic; he is what the traits; a really stupid person is hard to find on any biologists call a pre-potent sire-the founder of a of these family trees. This is not surprising, since line which breeds true-thus producing exceptional all of them began with a brainy sire, and the scions offspring for uncounted generations. Such an generally took care to mate with brains. Occasion- event is as rare as it is precious. It would seem to ally an impulsive male would pick a beautiful but follow, then, that a nation would do well to cherish flannel-headed wife; but the women-like females and foster these uncommon people; for on them everywhere-were less romantic and more prac- rests its hope of greatness. tical. They almost never took up with an inferior The hierarchical society of Britain, with jts man. privileged ruling class, was well designed to (2) Energy. These people seem able to work, accomplish precisely this. It gave to exceptional make love, and fight harder than ordinary mortals. families-once they had broken into the privileged Their sheer vitality often carries them to extremes; group-the money, leisure, education, and oppor- many are nearly as famous for their drinking, tunities they needed to develop and use their wenching, roaming, and riotous behaviour as for creative talents. The system was far from perfect, their more respectable achievements. When the as Bloomfield acknowledges. It also gave special first Duke of Buckingham-one of the handsomest privileges to many families of scant talent, at men who ever pinched a thigh-made improper great cost in money and class hatred; and in the advances to a French queen, he wore for the last two centuries before World War I it was occasion a bejewelled suit that cost £8o,ooo; increasingly hard for able men in the lower ranks the Marlborough scandals were notorious; and to fight their way toward the top. (In the turbulent Lady Hester Stanhope, after a series of tempestuous times when the Villiers, Cecil, and Barclay clans romances, finally ran off to an Arab sheik and got their start, it was fairly easy for a shrewd and lived happily ever afterwards in his desert tent. ruthless man to climb fast; the hierarchical Even Winston Churchill can scarcely be described structure had not yet frozen, and the chopping as moderate in his drinking and working habits. block created a rapid turnover in the aristocracy.) (3) Charm. Most of them had it to burn. Again, Nevertheless, Bloomfield's book is about the most Churchill and Buckingham are the obvious persuasive defence of the aristocratic principle examples-but countless lesser members of the Six that has appeared since Edmund Burke. Families had (and still have) a curious power to No idea could be more subversive to mid-century fascinate other people. This is particularly true of America, dedicated as it is to The Common Man. the Villiers women, who frequently became the Our whole way of life is now based on the theory mistresses of kings. But it is also true of such odd that only the mediocre and ineffectual deserve to fish as Charles Darwin and Virginia Woolf, the be especially cherished by society. The notion that unfortunate Cornwallis, and such swashbucklers exceptional people ought to get exceptional con- as Colonel David Barclay and Sir Charles Napier. sideration-and that their abilities might be (4) Ruthlessness.- These' clans-even Barclay's transmitted by heredity-is felt to be shockingly gentle Quakers-specialize in 4riving straight undemocratic and un-American. ahead for whatevpr it is they wa4t, and God help So if a man is stupid, lazy, and feckless enough, anylody who gets in the way. Their most famous there is nothing our society won't do for him- members often were not " good " people in the particularly if he comes from a long line of stupid, Christian sense; they broke most of the Command- lazy, and feckless ancestors. When he has a job, ments whenev'er they seemed a nuisance, and left behind then a trail of -broken hearts and heads. * In passing he notes yet another odd trait. Many But they -were effective. They got their own way, of the ilite, especially in the Sidney line, " had a knack and they got things done. of dying interesting deaths and uttering memorable (5) -Responsibility. However sharply they kept last words.' I55& THE EUGENICS REVIEW the union sees to it that he is never fired for any- times find a very common type of common man in thing short of the most outrageous sloppiness and office. The real miracle is that we occasionally get shirking. When he doesn't, a relief cheque is a first-class public servant, too. always waiting. If he absent-mindedly begets In view of all this, we might assume that the more children than he can support, the state takes American mind is well fortified by habit and care of them. For good measure, we ply him with tradition against the aristocratical propaganda of subsidized housing, free medical care, and the Mr. Bloomfield. But can we afford to be so smug? tender ministrations of social workers; and we Wasn't it precisely this kind of complacent think- entertain him lavishly with free television pro- ing that led to Pearl Harbour, the Blennerhasset grammes carefully tailored to his sluggish wits. Plot, and the Pumpkin Papers? Is it possible that His children become the darlings of the public we may be in deadly danger of falling prey to schools, which are primarily designed to keep Bloomfieldism without even knowing it? mediocre youngsters (and their parents) happy. It is, indeed. For, in the- back of our skulls, Here little Willie Jukes is taught " life adjust- every one of us already is half-convinced that there ment," including how to dance, play the clarinet, might be something in what the man says. and drive a hot-rod-but rarely does any teacher We all believe, for example, in the aristocracy of insist that he learn to read and spell properly, cattle. If you were planning to stock a ranch or a because the effort might bruise his fragile soul.* dairy farm, you would think nothing of paying Here, moreover, he need fear no penalty for $30,000 for a herd bull-provided that his pedigree stupidity or laziness. If he can't pass his examina- demonstrates his ability to produce outstanding tions, he gets a " social promotion " anyhow, offspring. If you race thoroughbreds, you might it might make Willie feel inferior if he were left pay up to $io,ooo for the right to breed a single behind his class. The fact that he is inferior is mare to a stallion with good blood lines and a considered irrelevant. record of many victories. Moreover, the owner of Behind all this lies a double theory: (a) it is our such a stud will, quite sensibly, spare no expense Christian duty to help the unfortunate-and who to pamper- the horse with everything that might can tell whether a man is unfortunate or just plain help him give a good performance. With such copeless? (b) if we give the Jukes family a better examples constantly before us, it would be an easy environment, they may in time become better step to conclude that similar attention to the people. There is something to be said for this, and heredity and conditioning of exceptional human for at least fifty years the liberals have been saying beings might also pay off. it at the top of their voices. But in our flurry of Some Americans already have taken this fateful concern for The Common Man, it is only natural step. One of them is Dr. William H. Sheldon, who that we should come to believe that hardly any- has spent twenty years in studying the effects of body else matters. heredity on human physique, temperament, and So too in our public life. Ever since the Jackson- intelligence. His findings, published in a series of ian revolt against government by the Rich-and- carefully documented studies, go even further than Wise, we have insisted that every man is just as Bloomfield's; they indicated that bad character- good as any other, and suspicion of the Hamilton- istics, as well as good, tend to run in families for ian gentry still lies heavy on our racial memory. many generations-pretty much regardless of how We make no effort, therefore, to attract superior good or bad the families' environment may be. people into either politics or the public service. Anyone who has spent much time around gaols On the contrary, we go to some lengths to dis- and penitentiaries, as I have, can bear out at least courage them. The top pay in these fields, for a half of his conclusions. The fact that strikes a man who reaches the peak of his profession-a visitor most forcibly, as he looks at a crowd of Senator, Governor, or high-level civil servant- convicts in a prison mess hall, is that these are comes to about one-tenth the income of a second- sorry specimens of humanity. The majority of rate TV comic. Moreover, even the best of them them look inadequate-under-sized, misshapen, live in constant jeopardy of harassment and slack-faced, and dim-and their records, in fact, vilification; and they can hope for none of the suggest that most of them took to crime out of honours, titles, and emoluments with which less sheer stupidity, or because they could not compete democratic nations reward their outstanding in the normal fields of human endeavour. They public men. Small wonder, then, that we some- are, in Sheldon's phrase, samples of " poor protoplasm podrly put together." And it is * It is true that a few schools are beginning to surprising how often the records show an anc,stor experiment with special classes for bright children; but who also fell afoul the law. (The criminal mister many professional educators-notably the powerful mind of fiction may exist in fact, though I doubt barons of the teachers' colleges-still seem to view it; if so, he is too smart to get these " undemocratic " experiments with distrust. As presumably caught.) a consequence, any youngster with an I.Q. above I20 Other Americans, better known than Sheldon, is likely to spend most of his school years in brain- have also been infected by the Bloomfield Heresy. numbing. boredom, entangled (and ignored) in a The most eminent, perhaps, was Abraham Lincoln, machine geared to the dull and plodding. ordinarily regarded as a man of the people. He did FROM THE PRESS CUTTINGS 159 not so regard himself. His law partner and close tunity for the inbreeding which has characterized friend, William H. Herndon, relates how Lincoln the relatively small, close-knit British ruling class; once told him that his mother was the illegitimate then, too, we have developed talent from many daughter of Lucy Hanks by " a well-bred but levels-including a Kansas City haberdashery- obscure Virginia farmer or planter." And Lincoln which the more rigid British system seldom tapped. argued that from this nameless grandfather " came Nevertheless thare are some clues which suggest his power of analysis, his logic, his mental activity, that Bloomfield's main conclusions might hold his ambition, and all the qualities that distinguished nearly as true here as in England. Each of us can him from the other members and descendants of name offhand a dozen families which have contri- the Hanks family." This passage, from the first buted far more than their share to American life chapter of Herndon's biography, is not very well through a number of generations-the Adamses, known-perhaps because it is so hard to fit into above all, and the Lees, Tafts, Roosevelts, Van the Lincoln legend, and into the equalitarian Dorens, La Farges, Mavericks, Lodges, Strausses, doctrine of our times. Blairs, and Saltonstalls, to mention a few at No one has yet made a study of eminent American random. , families comparable to Bloomfield's study of the But this is too dangerous a subject to pursue British dlite. When one is made, it probably will further. It could lead to the most upsetting kind not show anything like the same concentration of of revolution in American thought and conduct- talent in a very few blood lines. For one thing, our a genuine respect for, and effort to foster, the mobile and diverse society has offered no oppor- Uncommon Man.

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VOLUME 49 NUMBER 3 OCTOBER 1957 3s. .OFFICERS 'OF THIE SOCIETY President: SIR CHARLES DARWIN, K.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents: PAUL BLOOMFIELD, ESQ. MRS. B. BOSANQUET, B.A. PETER R. COX, ESQ., F.I.A., F.S.S. PROF. F. GRUNDY, M.D., MAi.C.P., D.P.H. R. PILKINGTON, ESQ., M.C., M.P. J. M. TANNER, ESQ., M.D., Ph.D., D.P.M. Hon. Treasurer: G. AIRD WHYTE, ESQ., M.C., B.Sc. Hon. Secretary: C. P. BLACKER, ESQ., M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Hon. Librarian: CECIL BINNEY, ESQ., M.A. Council: THE REV. D. SHERWIN BAILEY, Ph.D. C. 0. CARTER, ESQ., B.A., B.M., M.R.C.P. THE EARL OF CRANBROOK, C.B.E. PROF. C. D. DARLINGTON, D.Sc., F.R.S. SIR CHARLES DODDS; M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. THE HON. MRS. GRANT DUFF GEOFFREY ELEY, ESQ., C.B.E., M.A. SIR ARTHUR ELLIS, O.B.E., M.A., D.M., F.R.C.P. MRS. ELEANOR FRENCH D. F. HUBBACK, ESQ., M.A. K. HUTTON, ESQ., M.A., D.Phil. D. CARADOG JONES, ESQ., M.A. -PROF. A. KENNEDY, M.D., F.R.C.P. MISS EVELYN LAWRENCE, B.Sc.(Econ.), Ph.D. MRS. HILDA LEWIS, M.D., M.R.C.P. CHRISTOPHER OUNSTED, ESQ., M.A., D.M., D.C.H. A. S. PARKES, ESQ., C.B.E., M.A., Ph.D., Sc.D., F.R.S. R. C. PRITCHARD MRS. M. A. PYKE J. A. FRASER ROBERTS, ESQ., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.C.P. G. C. SELIGMAN, ESQ., M.A. J. P. M. TIZARD, ESQ., M.A., B.M., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. R. F. TREDGOLD, ESQ., M.A., M.D., D.P.M. C. W. USHER, ESQ. PROF. P. E. VERNON, M.A., Ph.D. General Secretary: G. C. L. BERTRAM, ESQ., M.A., Ph.D. (as from September I1957) ,Editor of the Eugenics Review: MISS K. LANE Business Secretary: MISS F. B. SCHENK

3 CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL BEVERIDGE, THE LORD, K.C.B., F.B.A., LL.D., Staverton4 House, 104 Woodstock Road, Oxford. BRAMWELL, CRIGHTON, ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., Orchard Cottage, Outgate, Ambleside, Westmorland. BURT, PROF. SIR CYRIL, D.Sc., 9 Elsworthy Road, N.W.3. CAMPBELL, MAURICE, ESQ., O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., 47 Arkwright Road, Hampstead, NW.V.3. CANN, R. J., ESQ., M.S., ioi Harley Street, W.I . DAYTON, DR. NEIL A., M.D., American Association on Mental. Deficiency, P.O. Box 96, Willimantic, Conn., U.S.A. ELDER, SIR STEWART DUKE, K.C.V.O., D.Sc., Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.S., 63 Harley Street, \V.I. ENSOR, SIR ROBERT, M.A., The Beacon, Sands, High Wycombe, Bucks. FLEURE, PROF. H. J., D.Sc., F.R.S., 45 Canfield Gardens, N.W.6. FORMAN, L., ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.S., M.R.C.P., i9 Devonshire Street, Portland Place, W.i. GARDINER-HILL, H., ESQ., M.B.E., M.D., 78 Wimpole Street, W.i. GATES, PROF. R. RUGGLES, M.A. Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., i8 Mallen Street, Cambridge 38, Mass., U.S.A. HARRIS, PROF. H. A., D.Sc., M.D., School of Anatomy, New Museum, Cambridge. HILL, A. BRADFORD, ESQ., D.Sc., Green Acres, Little Kingshill, Great Missenden, Bucks. HINDLE, PROF. EDWARD, F.R.S., The Athenaeum, Pall Mall, S.W.I. HUTTON, W. L., ESQ., M.D., Public Health Office, City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada. LAWRENCE, R. D., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., I49 Harley Street, W.i. NIXON, PROF. W. C. W., F.R.C.O.G., Obstetric Hospital, University College Hospital, W.C.i. -OSBORN, FREDERICK, ESQ., Room 2715, 230 Park Avenue, New York, U.S.A. OSMAN, A. A., ESQ., D.S.C., F.R.C.P., ii5a Harley Street, Devonshire Street, W.i. PINEY, A., ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., I52 Harley Street, W.i. RORKE, DR. MARGARET, 2I Harley Street, W.i. SHAW, M. E., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., The West London Hospital, W.6. THURSTONE, PROF. L. L., Psychometric Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A. TIETZ, DR. J. W., New York University, School of Education, Washington Square, New York, 3, N.Y'., IU.S.A., - Press Building, 26. TIETZE, F. F., ESQ., M.D., LL;D., 25 Castellain Road, W.9. WITTS, L, J., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.

4 Fellows- LONDON ADAMS, MRS., 3 Gloucester Gate, Regent's Park, N.W.i. ADDISON, S. R. J., ESQ., Pinners Hall, Austin Friars, E.C.2'. BARLOW, SIR THOMAS, G.B.E., 49 Strand on the Green, W.4. BINNEY, CECIL, ESQ., M.A., 6 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.4. BLOOMFIELD, PAUL, ESQ., 2 Thurlow Road, Hampstead, N.W.3. BRAIN, SIR RUSSELL, BART., D.M., P.R.C.P., 142 Harley Street, W.i. BRANDER, J. P., ESQ., Palace Court Hotel, 44 Inverness Terrace, W.2. BROWN, R. CHRISTIE, ESQ., M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G., I17 Harley Street, W.i. CAMACHO, J. A., ESQ., O.B.E., 8 Fawley Road, W. Hampstead, N.W.6. CAREW-SHAW, E., ESQ., F.R.C.S., 94 Harley Street, W.i. CARR-SAUNDERS, SIR ALEXANDER, K.B.E., M.A., LL.D., 5I Brompton Square, S.W.3. CARRUTHERS, G. B., ESQ., M.D., I5O Harley Street, W.i. *CARTER, MISS F. A., 6o Redcliffe Close, Old Brompton Road, S.W.5. COX, PETER R., ESQ., F.I.A., F.S.S., Government Actuary's Dept., Caxton House East, Tothill Street, S.W.i. DODDS, PROF. SIR CHARLES, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., The Courtauld Institute, The Middlesex Hospital, W. i. DRYSDALE, C. V., ESQ., C.B., O.B.E., D.Sc., Athenaeum Club, Pall Mall, S.W.i. DUFF, THE HON. MRS. GRANT, i6 Mulberry Walk, Chelsea, S.W.3. ELEY, GEOFFREY, ESQ., C.B.E., M.A., i Pembroke Villas, W.8. ELLIS, SIR ARTHUR, M.D., F.R.C.P., Bedford House, Chiswick Mall, W.4. EYSENCK, PROF. H. J., Ph.D., io Dorchester Drive, S.E.24. GLASS, PROF. D. V., B.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D., The London School of Economics, Houghton Street, Aldwych, W.C.2. GOODALL, MISS F. G., C.B.E., The Royal College of Nursing, Henrietta Place, Cavendish Square, W.i. HILL, J. DENIS, ESQ., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., M.R.C.P., D.P.M., Teaching and Research Laboratory, Maudsley Hospital Medical School, 107/9 Denmark Hill, S.E.5. HOPKIN, W. A. B., ESQ., 30 Laurier Road, N.W.5. HOURMOUZIOS, STELIO, ESQ., 34 Sloane Court West, S.W.3. HUBBACK, D. F., ESQ., M.A., io Wellgarth Road, Golders Green, N.W.ii. HUME, MRS. M. C., B.A., I3 Wildwood Road, Golders Green, N.W.ii. HUXLEY J. S., ESQ., D.Sc., F.R.S., 31 Pond Street, Hampstead, N.W.3. ISAAC, DR. JULIUS, 84 Fellows Road, N.W.3. JENKINS, MRS. W. J., 53 Gloucester Terrace, W.2. LASKI, MRS. F., Devon Lodge, 5 Addison Bridge Road, W.I4. LAWRENCE, MISS EVELYN, B.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D., 3oa Primrose Hill Road, N.W.3. LEWIS, PROF. AUBREY, M.D., F.R.C.P., Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, S.E.5. LEWIS, MRS. HILDA, M.D., M.R.C.P., Caversham Lodge, Vine Road, Barnes, S.W.13. LEYTON, MRS. HELEN G., M.D., 69 Courtfield Gardens, S.W.5. * Honorary. London-.(contd.)- MAKINS, BRIG.-GEN. SIR ERNEST, K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O.,, M.P., igo Queen's Gate, S.W.7. MALCOMSON, LT.-COL. C. E., I.M.S. (Retd.), 20 Abbey Road, N.W.8. MATHIESON, MISS M. C., 7 Crescent Road, Chingford E.4. MILLER, EMANUEL, ESQ., M.A., F.R.C.P., D.P.M., 77 Harley House, Marylebone Road, N.W.i. MOURANT, A. E., ESQ., M.A., D.Phil., D.M., M.R.C.P., Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chelsea Bridge Road, S.W.i. MURCHIE, F., ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall, S.W.I. NORRIS, D. C., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.S.,' 55 Portland Place, W.i. PARKES, A. S., ESQ., C.B.E., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill, Hill, N.W.7. PEEL, J. H., ESQ., M.A., B.M., F.R.C.S., M.R.C.O.G., 86 Harley Street, W.i. PHILIPS, MAJOR R. E., M.C., c/o Regimental Headquarters, Coldstream Guards, Birdcage Walk, S.W.i. PILKINGTON, RICHARD, ESQ., M.C., M.P., I4 Grove End Road, N.W.8. PILKINGTON, DR. ROGER, 7 View Road, Highgate, N.6. PITMAN, F. A. HUGO, ESQ., 43 Bishopsgate, E.C.2. PRITCHARD, R. C., ESQ., Messrs. Chase, Henderson & Tennant, 56-6o New Broad Street, E.C.2. RAPHAEL, MRS. NANCY, 45a Sloane Street, S.W.I. RATHBONE, MISS MAY, BM/BBKs, London, W.C.i. RAYLEIGH, LORD, i8 Hyde Park Square, W.2. REDDING, MISS MARY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 21 Wimpole Street, W.i. RELF, MISS, i6 Cascade Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.io. ROBERTS, J. A. FRASER, ESQ., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.E., Clinical Genetics Research Unit, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, W.C.i. RUMBOLD, RICHARD, ESQ., 24 Royal Avenue, Chelsea, S.W.3. SAVIL, DR. AGNES, 7 Devonshire Place, W.i. SELIGMAN, G. C., ESQ., M.A., 9-I2 King William Street, E.C.4. SHARPE, MISS D. ANDERTON, 53 New Cavendish Street, W.i. SLATER, ELIOT T. O., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, S.E.5. SORSBY, PROF. ARNOLD, M.D., F.R.C.S., The Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.2. STRATHCONA & MOUNTROYAL, LORD, 2 Curzon Place, W.i. TANNER, J. M., ESQ., M.D., Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, W.C.r. TATE, CAPT. C. T., Rosehill Lodge, io6 Bayswater Road, W.2. TITMUSS, PROF. R. M., 32 Twyford Avenue, W.3. TYLDEN, DR. ELIZABETH, 5I Westbourne Terrace, W.2. VEREKER, SIR GORDON, K.C.M.G., M.C., c/o The Foreign Office, Whitehall, S.W.i. WALKER, MRS. A., 84 Alleyn Road, S.E.21. WHYTE, G. AIRD, ESQ., M.C., B.Sc., I99 Piccadilly, W.Ii. WILLIAMS, DR. URSULA E., M.D., D.R.C.O.G., io Pembroke Studios, Pembroke Gardens, W.8. WILSON, DR. ISABEL G. H., 37 The Mansions, 252 Old Brompton Road, S.W.5. WOODSIDE, MRS. M., 5i Ormonde Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W.8. WOOTTON, PROF. BARBARA, M.A., J.P., Department of Social Studies, Bedford College for Women, Regent's Park, N.W.Ii. WRIGHT, DR. HELENA, The Stone House, 9 Weymouth Street, W.i.

6 COUNTRY ADRIAN, LADY, M.A., J.P., The Master's Lodge, Trinity College, Cambridge. ALSTON, ROWLAND, ESQ., Watts Galleries, Compton, near Godalming, Surrey. BAILEY, THE REV. DR. D. S., Church of England Moral Welfare Council, 85 Fountain Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, I7. BAIRD, PROF. D., M.D., D.P.H., F.R.C.O.G., Fae-Me-Well, Dyce, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. BAKER, DR. J. R., The Mill, Kidlington, near Oxford. *BARRACLOUGH, MISS JESSIE, I6 Broom Terrace, Rotherham, Yorks. BATEMAN, MRS. F. D., 2I Cranmer Road, Cambridge. BAWDEN, MRS. CHARLOTTE, Brick House, Great Bardfield, Braintree, Essex. BERRY, R. J., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., 3 All Saints Road, Clifton, Bristol, 8. BERTRAM, G. C. L., ESQ., M.A., Ph.D., St. John's College, Cambridge. BIBBY, CYRIL, ESQ., M.A., M.Sc., F.L.S., I4 The Avenue, High Barnet, Herts. BICKERTON, H. R., ESQ., M.B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Pentrecoch Manor, Ruthin, Denbighshire. *BLACKER, C. P., ESQ., M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., Pasturewood, Shamley Green, near Guildford, Surrey. BLACKER, MISS C., Pasturewood, Shamley Green, near Guildford, Surrey. BLACKER, J. G. C., ESQ., Pasturewood, Shamley Green, near Guildford, Surrey. BOOTLE-WILBRAHAM, BRIGADIER, D.S.O., M.C., Trunk House, Cove, Farnborough, Hants. BOSANQUET, MRS. BARBARA, Rock Moor, Alnwick, Northumberland. BRAMWELL, J. B., ESQ., M.A., M.D., The Lodge, Clifford Chambers, Stratford-on-Avon. BREWER, HERBERT, ESQ., 31 Mundon Road, Maldon, Essex. *BROCKINGTON, PROF. C. FRASER, M.A., M.D., D.P.H., Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, The University, Manchester, 13. BROWN, VICE-ADMIRAL F. CLIFTON, The Paddocks, Pusey, Faringdon, Berks. BUCHANAN, SIR CHARLES, St. Anne's Manor, Sutton Donington, Loughborough, Leics. BULLARD, SIR READER, C.B., K.C.M.G., Honey Bottom, Dry Sandford, near Abingdon, Berks. BUXTON, D. A. J., ESQ., Caister Hall, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. CADBURY, L. J., ESQ., O.B.E., The Davids, Northfield, Birmingham. CADBURY, PAUL S., ESQ., C.B.E., Low Wood, 32 St. Mary's Road, Harborne, Birmingham, I7. CARTER, C. O., ESQ., B.A., B.M., M.R.C.P., 140 Crofton Road, Orpington, Kent. CHAMBERS, SIR THEODORE, K.B.E., J.P., Lochletter, Balmain, by Inverness. CHAMBERS, LADY, Lochletter, Balmain, by Inverness. CHANCE, M. R., ESQ., 2 Innage Road, Northfield, Birmingham, 3I. CHAPMAN, P. D. H., ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Woodrow, Trinity Road, Bridlington, Yorks. *COATES, W., ESQ., M.A., County Education Officer, The Castle, Winchester. CONRAD, MRS. RACHEL, I7 Panton Street, Cambridge. CRANBROOK, THE EARL OF, C.B.E., Great Glemham House, Saxmundham, Suffolk. CREW, PROF. F. A. E., M.D., D.Sc., M.R.C.P., F.R.S., F.R.S.E., Usher Institute, Warrender Park Road, Edinburgh, 9. * Honorary.

7 Country-(contd.) DARLINGTON, PROF. C. D., D.Sc., F.R.S., Dept. of Botany, Oxford. DARWIN, SIR CHARLES, K.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S., Newnham Grange, Cambridge. DAVEY, PROJF. T. H., O.B.E., M.D., D.T.M., Tropical School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, 3. DAVIES, W. TWISTON, ESQ., Plas Hebog, Beddgelert, Caernarvon, N. Wales. DILLON, FREDERICK, ESQ., M.D., 6 "Beaconsfield," 22 Marine Parade, Hythe, Kent. DOUGLAS, J. W. B., ESQ., B.A., B.Sc., B.M., B.Ch., Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, The University, Edinburgh. ELLIOTT, T. R., ESQ., C.B.E., D.S.O., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.A., F.R.S., Broughton Place, Broughton, Biggar, Scotland. ESPINASSE, PAUL G., ESQ., University College, Hull. EVANS, R. WINSTON, ESQ., T.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., David Lewis Northern Hospital, Leeds Street, Liverpool, 3. *FINNEY, D. J., ESQ., M.A., F.R.S., Department of Statistics, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen, Scotland. FISHER, PROF. SIR RONALD A., Sc.D., F.R.S., Whittingehame Lodge, 44 Storey's Way, Cambridge. FRENCH, MRS. ELEANOR, 4 St. Dunstan's Terrace, Canterbury. FRY, MISS AGNES, Orchard Hill, Brent Knoll, Highbridge, Somerset. GILLETT, C. R. E., ESQ., Crossways. Shiplake, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon. GOODHART, C. B., ESQ., M.A., Ph.D., Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge. GROVE-HILLS, MRS., Gayswood Copse, Haslemere, Surrey. *GRUNDY, PROF. F., M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.H., Department of Preventive Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, The Parade, Cardiff. GUNN, R. H., ESQ., Concrete House, The Ridgeway, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. HARRIS, C. R. S., ESQ., c/o Westminster Bank, Oxford. HARRISON, PROF. R. G., M.A., D.M., Department of Anatomy, The University, Liverpool. HARROD, R. F., ESQ., Christ Church, Oxford. HISLOP, W. ALEXANDER, ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., Dragontail Cottage, Haddenham, Bucks. HOBHOUSE, SIR JOHN, Glebe Court, West Monkton, near Taunton, Somerset. *HOLLAND, SIR EARDLEY, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.O.G., West Dean Cottage, West Dean, Chichester, Sussex. HOPE-JONES, W., ESQ., Grist Hill Farmhouse, Shamley Green, near Guildford, Surrey. *HOUSDEN, LESLIE, ESQ., O.B.E., M.D., Roundhead Cottage, Old Basing, Basingstoke, Hants. HUTTON, GRAHAM, ESQ., Thatched House, Tubney, Abingdon, Berks. HUTTON, KENNETH B., ESQ., M.A., D.Phil., 2 Vigor's Croft, Hatfield, Herts. JAMES, MRS. A. G., Upwood Park, near Abingdon, Oxford. JEFFERSON LADY M.R.C.S. L.R.C.P. D.P.M. High Bank, Didsbury, Manchester, 20 JONES, D. CARADOG, ESQ., M.A., Penny Green, Finchingfield, Essex. * Honorary.

8 .Country-(contd.) KENNEDY, PROF. A. M., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., 2 Arboretum Road, Edinburgh, 4. KEYNES, W. M., ESQ., M.D., 3 Brunswick Walk, Cambridge. LANGHAM, MISS E. M., " Uplands," Tring Road, Aylesbury, Bucks. LEHMANN, HERMANN, ESQ., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., 24 St. James's Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. LETHBRIDGE, COMMANDER M. H., The White House, Stringer's Common, Guildford, Surrev. LEVVY, MRS. G. A., Cairnhill, Prospecthill Road, Bieldside, Aberdeenshire. LEWIS-FANING, E., ESQ., Ph.D., D.Sc., The Welsh National School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Parade, Cardiff. LIDBETTER, E. J., ESQ., 42 Trent Road, West Worthing, Sussex. LIMERICK, THE COUNTESS OF, D.B.E., Chiddingley, West Hoathly, Sussex. LLOYD, E. M. H., ESQ., C.M.G., Tillingbourne Hey, Gravel Hill, Boxmoor, Herts. MALPAS, PERCY, ESQ., Ch.M., M.B., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.C.O.G., 72a Rodney Street, Liverpool, I. MARTIN, F. M., ESQ., Ph.D., Usher Institute, Warrender Park Road, Edinburgh. MASON, E. D., ESQ., Ph.D., ii Highfield Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. MAYER-GROSS, W., ESQ., M.D., F.R.C.P., Department of Experimental Psychiatry, The Medical School, Birmingham, I5. MAXWELL, JAMES, ESQ., M.A., B.Ed., Moray House Training College, Edinburgh. McCONNELL, R. B., ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.P., 3I Rodney Street, Liverpool, i. MINNS, C. E., ESQ., Anne of Cleves House, Ditchling, Sussex. MINNS, F. C., ESQ., 42 Heaton Road, Manchester, 20. MITCHISON, MRS. N., Carradale House, Carradale, Campbeltown, Argyll. MORRELL, C. CONYERS, ESQ., M.D. (Brux.), L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Edin.), D.P.H. (Lond.), Mudeford House, Mudeford, Christchurch, Hants. *NEWFIELD, MRS. S., c/o Mrs. Holmes, Eastwood, Park Avenue South, Harrogate, Yorks. NORTON, R. G., ESQ., Cronkbourne House, near Douglas, Isle of Man. OLLIVER, CAPTAIN A. G., R.N., Down End, Twyford, near Winchester. OUNSTED, CHRISTOPHER, ESQ., M.A., D.M., D.C.H., 31 Sandfield Road, Headington, Oxford. OWEN, A. E., ESQ., Fairford, 64 The Avenue, Worcester Park, Surrey. PARFITT, D. N., ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., D.P.M., Pine Cottage, Ila-en Road, Canford Cliffs, near Poole, Dorset. PEASE, MICHAEL, ESQ., Reynold's Close, Girton, Cambs. PIDDINGTON, R. A., ESQ., South View, Monmouth. PITT-RIVERS, CAPTAIN G. H. L. F., Manor House, Hinton St. Mary, Dorset. *PYKE, MRS. MARGARET, Naylands, Balcombe, near Haywards Heath, Sussex.

* Honoray.

9 Country-(contd.) RAISMAN, SIR JEREMY, Fieldhead, Shamley Green, near Guildford, Surrey. REES, W.' LINFORD, ESQ., M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.M., Strathallan, Oakwood Avenue, Purley, Surrey. RITCHIE, D. ROBERTSON, ESQ., H.D.D., L.D.S., Market House, Market Avenue, Chichester, Sussex. ROUS, THE HON. KEITH, Clovelly Court, North Devon. *SANDON, FRANK, ESQ., M.A., 142 Rotton Park Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, i6. SCOTT, MISS EILEEN M., M.A., Ph.D., 103 Dundee Road, West Ferry, Dundee. SELF, SIR HENRY, K.C.B., I6 Vernon Terrace, Brighton. SIMON OF' WYTHENSHAWE, BARON, Broomcroft, Ford Lane, Didsbury, Manchester. SMITH, DR. A. D. BUCHANAN, Animal Breeding Dept., The University, Edinburgh. SNAPE, THE REV. H. C., Whalley Vicarage, Blackburn, Lancs. SNOW, R., ESQ., B.Sc., Southerway, Dunstan Road, Old Headington, Oxford. SNOW, MRS., M.A., B.Sc., Southerway, Dunstan Road, Old Headington, Oxford. STEPHENSON, W. R. S., ESQ., Bennet Grange, Fulwood, Sheffield, Io. STEVENSON, PROF. ALAN CARRUTH, B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P., Department of Social Medicine, The Queen's, University, Belfast. STOPES, DR. MARIE, Norbury Park, Mickleham, near Dorking, Surrey. THODAY, J. M., ESQ., B.Sc., Department of Genetics, The University, Sheffield, io. TIZARD, J. P. M., ESQ., M.A., B.M., M.R.C.P., D.C.H., io Church Avenue, Ruislip, Middlesex. TREDGOLD, R. F., ESQ., M.A., M.D., D.P.M., Old Common, Cross-in-Hand, Sussex. TREVOR, J. C., ESQ., B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D., 8 Sherlock Road, Cambridge. TURNER, CLIVE J., ESQ., B.Sc., 53 Glanville Road, Bromley, Kent. TYSSEN-GEE, MRS., Fairways, Colley Manor Drive, Reigate, Surrey. THE LIBRARY, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, N. Wales. USHER, SQ.-LDR. C. W., R.A.F. (Retd.), The Bee House, Hockenden, near Swanley, Kent. VERNON, PROF. P. E., M.A., Ph.D., 30 Sherrardspark Road, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. WADDINGTON, PROF. C. H., Sc.D., F.R.S., Institute of Animal Genetics, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, 9. WATERHOUSE, J. A. H., ESQ., M.A., Ph.D., Department of Medical Statistics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Edgbaston, Birmingham, 15. WILLEY, MRS. HAROLD, Manor House, Loxley, near Sheffield. *WOFINDEN, R. C., ESQ., M.D., D.P.H., Public Health Department, Central Health Clinic, Tower Hill, Bristol, 2. YARBOROUGH, THE EARL OF, Brocklesby Park, Habrough, Lincs. YATES, F., ESQ., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts. * Honorary.

I0 OVERSEAS ARMSTRONG, C. WICKSTEED, ESQ., F.R.G.S., Rua Siqueira Campos 264, Apto 202, Copacabana, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. BOWMAN, MAJOR J. H., c/o Foreign Office, S.W.i. By Buenos Aires Bag. BRETHERTON, A. K., ESQ., ii65 Fifth Avenue, New York, 29, N.Y., U.S.A. *BROWN, DR. HARRISON, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. *BUTCHER, H. H., ESQ., 9 Hilda Street, Brantford, Ont., Canada. *CHANDRASEKHAR, PROF. S., Furz Bank, Kodai Kanal, South India. CHANCE, P. K., ESQ., " Five Way Hill," 135 Kambrook Road, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia. *CLARKE, S. S., ESQ., 44 Chestnut Avenue, Brantford, Ont., Canada. CUTHERBERTSON, MRS. W. R., P.O. Box 38, Tiburon, California, U.S.A. *FORBES, STANLEY, ESQ., 40 Lorne Crescent, Brantford, Ont., Canada. GOETHE, C. M., ESQ., Anglo Bank Building, Seventh and J. Streets, Sacramento I4, California, U.S.A. GRANTHAM, SIR ALEXANDER, Government House, Hong Kong. HERCHENRODER, MARC, ESQ., Central Statistical Office, Rose Hill, Mauritius. HOPKINS, DR. PRYNS, 1375 S. Oak Knoll Avenue, Pasadena, 5, California. HUTT, W. H., ESQ., c/o The University of Cape Town, South Africa. JACKSON, F. K., ESQ., c/o Bank of New South Wales, 2I0 Glenferrie Road, Hawthorn, E.2, N.S.W., Australia. KALLMANN, PROF. F. J., M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 722 West i68th Street, New York, 32, N.Y., U.S.A. KANAVARIOTI, MRS. MARO, i Maros Street, Glyfada, Athens, Greece. KHOSLA, COLONEL R. N., The Family Planning Association-Punjab, South Gate, Simla-2, India. *KNIGHT, DR. R. W., 26 Waterloo Street, Brantford, Ont., Canada. *LARGE, SPENCER, ESQ., I5I Brant Avenue, Brantford, Ont., Canada. MURRAY, MRS. BLACKWOOD, Passfield, Morningside, P.O. Rivonia, Johannesburg, S. Africa. NEWBOLD, MISS ESTHER L., Post Office, Irvine Warren Co., Pennsylvania, U.S.A. *OLIVER, P., ESQ., 6 Waterloo Street, Brantford, Ont., Canada. ORMSBY, MISS EMMA, 4 Clarinda Park E., Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Eire. PEIRIS, WALTER S. J., ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Sans Souci, Moratuwa, Ceylon. *ROBERTS, FRED, ESQ., 24 Edgerton Street, Brantford, Ont., Canada. ROBERTS, G. W., ESQ., Hastings House, St. Michael i8, Barbados, B.W.I. SANGER, MRS. MARGARET, 65 Sierra Vista Drive, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. SCOTT, W. C. M., ESQ., M.D., D.P.M., Allan Memorial Institute, I025 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, 2, P.Q., Quebec, Canada. SPROTT, DR. N. A., Thornfield, Route des Genets, St. Brelade, Jersey, C.I. STONE, ABRAHAM, ESQ., M.D., The Margaret Sanger Research Bureau, 17 West i6th Street, New York, ii, N.Y., U.S.A. TOTTENHAM, MISS L. E., Ballycurry, Ashford, Co. Wicklow, Eire. TROUNCER, H. O., ESQ., P.O. Box 364, Umtali, Southern Rhodesia. *TRtJEMAN, A. H., ESQ., Bank of Montreal, Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. *WARD, HERBERT, ESQ., I8 Maple Avenue, Brantford, Ont., Canada. *WOODS, DOUGLAS, ESQ., 30 Avondale Road, Toronto, Ont., Canada. * Honorary.

I I Members i LONDON AMOS, F. J. C., ESQ., 30 Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E.12. APPELBE, AMBROSE, ESQ., 5 Millfield Lane, Parliament Hill Fields, Highgate, N.6. BETT, WALTER R., ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.S.L., ii The Avenue, Bedford Park, W.4. BLOOM, DR. PHILIP M., 79 Harley Street, W.Ii. BROWN, MRS. ARNOLD, 69 Eccleston Square, S.W.I. BUCKLEY, DONALD F., ESQ., 20 York House, Kensington, \V.8. ,CAMPBELL, COL. J., I7 Meadway, N.W.ii. CARLEBACH, JULIUS, ESQ., Jewish Orphanage, Knight's Hill, West Norwood, S.E.27. CHESSER, DR. EUSTACE, 92 Harley Street, W.i. *COLLYER, MRS. G., Flat 4, 4o Buckingham Gate, S.W.I. COWIE, MRS. VALERIE, M.D., D.P.M., I5 Woodthorpe Road, Putney, S.W.15. CRAIG, ALEC, ESQ., Flat 5, Avenue House, Belsize Park Gardens, N.W.3. DRAPER, MRS. A. M., 28 Cavendish Square, W. i. EARL, THE HON. MRS., i8 Pelham Street, S.W.7. GRIFFITH, EDWARD F., ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., I94 Bickenhall Mansions, Baker Street, W.i. HARRISS, KENDALL B., ESQ., i6 Palace Court, W.2. HARTFIELD, V. J., ESQ., 37 Blenkarne Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W.ii. HEMSTED, EDWARD C. E., ESQ., BM/VRLC, London, W.C.i-. HENSMAN, J. STUART, ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 22 Chester Street, Grosvenor Place, S.W.i HIGHFIELD-JONES, DR. G., 3 Camp Vtiew, Wimbledon Common, S.W.I9. HILLS, E. G., ESQ., 26 Albert Road, Penge, S.E.20. HILLYER, MISS J. H., i8a Hillmarton Road, Camden Road, N.7. HOUGHTON, MRS. VERA. 69 Eccleston Square, S.W.i. HUPPERT, E. L., ESQ., Ph.D., F.S.S., F.R.Econ.S., I2 Montpelier Row, Blackheath, S.E.3. JAY, B. S., ESQ., M.A., M.B., B.Chir., 28 Bickenhall Mansions, W.i. KEYNES, LADY, I20 Regent's Park Road, N.W.i. KHUNER, MRS. H., 33 Platts Lane, Hampstead, N.W.3. LAWS, MRS. PAMELA, 22 Vicarage Drive, East Sheen, S.W.I4. LONG, VINCENT, ESQ., c/o Delisle Ltd., 238 Edgware Road, W.2. LOW, MRS. HELEN, 135 Hamilton Terrace, N.W.8. LUCAN, THE EARL OF, M.C., ii Hanover House, N.W.8. MACADAM, LADY, i6 Upper Belgrave Street, S.W.i: MANASSEH, P. J., ESQ., 5I Campden Hill Road, W.8. MARTINEAU, A., ESQ., I33 Old Church Street, S.W.3. MEREDITH, MRS. FRANCES J., 56 Kensington Court, W.8. NEWFIELD, J. G. H., ESQ., io Gloucester Drive, N.4. NORTH KENSINGTON MARRIAGE WELFARE CENTRE, THE, 12 Telford Road, Ladbroke Grove, W.io. PALEY, P. J., ESQ., 44 Ebury Street, S.W.i. PANTEL, GEORGE, ESQ., M.D., 134 Leighton Road, N.W.s. PERCIVAL, N. S., ESQ., i8 Warwick Road, S.W.s. PICKARD, B. H., ESQ., M.B., F.R.C.S., D.L.O., 55 Blackheath Park, S.E.3. *POCOCK, MISS H. F., 5 Belgrave Mews West, S.W.I. PURCELL, F. M., ESQ., M.D., c/o The Royal Society of Medicine, i Wimpole Street, WV.i. ROOKWOOD, R. M., ESQ., 5 Turners Wood, N.W. i ir. ROWNTREE, MISS G., 20 Crediton Hill, N.W.6. RUSSELL, DUNCAN C., ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., I9 Belvedere Grove, Wimbledon, S.W.ig. SEDERGREEN, MISS R. C., 43 York Street Chambers, York Street, W.i. SHEARS, E. M., ESQ., 66 Wiltshire Road, Brixton, S.W.9. SHIELDS, JAMES, ESQ., M.A., 25a Worsley Road, N.W.3. SMITH, MRS. A., ii Markham Street, Chelsea, S.W.3. ZANDER, MARTIN, ESQ., ii Pembroke Studios, Pembroke Gardens, W.8. * Honorary.

12 -Mlembers COUNTRY ABBOTT, T., ESQ., 4 Brockton Road, Farndon, Newark, Notts. ALDRIDGE, MRS. L. S., Meadow Vale, Kingston Blount, Oxfordshire. ARTHUR, L. J. H., ESQ., M.B., B.Chir., ii Claremount Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 2. ASHTON, E. T., ESQ., B.A., D.P.A., University College, Southampton. ATHERTON, W. H., ESQ., M.Sc., 45 Arlington Road, Derby. BAILEY, NORMAN T. J., ESQ., M.A., 6 Keble Road, Oxford. BARKER, MISS MARIAN, Elmfield, Esher, Surrey. BARLOW, SIR J. A. N., K.B.E., C.B., J.P., Boswells, Wendover, Bucks. BARNETT, S. A., ESQ., Department of Zoology, The University, Glasgow. BATCHELOR, I. R. C., ESQ., M.B., F.R.C.P., D.P.M., Strathview, Liff, by Dundee, Scotland. BEARDMORE, JOHN A., ESQ., Department of Genetics, The University, Sheffield, io. BENNETT, ARTHUR, ESQ., Kiln Wood Cottage, Preston, Hitchin, Herts. BILL, THE RT. REV. S. A., Instow Rectory, N. Devon. BLYTH, DR. HELEN, 33 Oxford Road, Wakefield, Yorks. BOARD, F. E., ESQ., Fountain House, Broomgrove Road, Sheffield, io. BOSANQUET, D. G., ESQ., M.A., LL.B., Wyndside, Ryarsh, West Malling, Kent. BOWDEN, MRS. W. L., Stubbs Farm, Hayfield, Via Stockport, Cheshire. BOYCE, L. J., ESQ., Wildacre, Lydwell Road, Torquay. BRAMWELL, MRS. J. B., The Lodge, Clifford Chambers, Stratford-on-Avon. BROOKE, MISS EILEEN M., 73 Lavender Vale, Wallington, Surrey. BROOKES, FRANK H., ESQ., Shama, 41 Mostyn Avenue, Littleover, Derby. BROWN, J. CHRISTIE, ESQ., Beaulieu, High Beech, Loughton, Essex. BRYANT, MRS. D., 36 Ashford Road, Tenterden, Kent. BULL, THE REV. JOHN, Otterham Rectory, Davidstow, Camelford, Cornwall. BURNETT, PROF. J. H., M.A., D.Phil., Thirdacre, Buchanan Gardens, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. BURTON, KENNETH J., ESQ., Mount Cottage, Hawk's Hill, Fetcham, Leatherhead, Surrey. BUTTERY, B. F., ESQ., 59 Highfield Grove, Stafford. CAMROSE, THE VISCOUNTESS, Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, Hants. CHAMBRE, SQ./LDR. A. C. F., R.A.F., 59 Kenton Road, Kenton, Harrow, Middlesex. CARTER, MISS PHYLLIS M., B.A., The Cottage, Charmouth, Dorset. CHERRINGTON, S. P., ESQ., 27 Royal Crescent, Bath. CLARENCE, I. SOUTER, ESQ., 65 Pembroke Road, Bristol, 8. CLAYBORN, MRS. E. V., Wood Cottage, I79 Hunsworth Lane, Cleckheaton, Yorks. CRETNEY, E., ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., I69 Boothferry Road, Goole, Yorks. CULLINGWORTH, J. B., ESQ., B.Sc., Faculty of Social Administration, The University, Manchester, I3. DARKER, JOHN, ESQ., Dallington House, Geddington, near Kettering, Northants. DARTMOUTH, THE COUNTESS OF, Patshull House, Wolverhampton. DIXON, DR. MONTAGUE, The White House, Melton Mowbray, Leics. ELEY, MAXWELL, ESQ., O.B.E., Old Place, Ugley Green, near Bishops Stortford, Herts. ELLIS, K. P., ESQ., Little Gassons, Fairwarp, Uckfield, Sussex. FAWCETT, MRS. ANNE, The Mill House, Ickleton, Saffron Walden, Essex. FORBES, A. R., ESQ., 265 Corbets Tay Road, Upminster, Essex. FORSTER, THE LADY, G.B.E., Rose Cottage, Milford-on-Sea, Hants. FRENCHMAN, D., ESQ., Three Reefs, Springdale Road, Broadstone, Dorset.

13 Country-(contd.) GAGE, THE VISCOUNT, K.C.V.O., Firle, Lewes, Sussex. GOODMAN, MRS.} Angharad, Corwen, Merioneth. GRASEMAN, MISS ALINE, I4 Wilman Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. GREBENIK, PROF. E., M.Sc.(Econ.), Department of Social Studies, The University, Leeds, 2. GREGORY, M. J., ESQ., Chine House, Shotover Hill, Headington, Oxford. HALDANE, MRS., Cherwell, Oxford. HARRISON, G. AINSWORTH, ESQ., Department of Anatomy, The University, Liverpool. HARRISON, R. P., ESQ., Flat ii, Barry Court, 36 Southend Road, Beckenham, Kent. HARTSHORNE, J. N., ESQ., B.Sc., Ph.D., Department of Botany, The University, Manchester, 13. HEARNSHAW, PROF. L. S., Department of Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool. HEATHCOTE, H. J., ESQ., M,R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 32 Oldfield Road, Bath. HILL, MRS. E. M., 124 Salisbury Road, Moseley, Birmingham, 13. HILL, R. H., ESQ., A.C.W.A., F.R.Econ.S., Anbury, Wingate Drive, Whitefield, Manchester. HINDSON, COLIN, ESQ., Westholme, Durham Moor, Durham. HOUSEMAN, MRS. JOAN, M.B., B.S., Kingwell, South Hill Avenue, Harrow, Middlesex. HUBBARD, C. R., ESQ., 48 Beverley Avenue, Sidcup, Kent. IRONSIDE, MRS. W. D., Crosswell Farm, Biddenden, Kent. IRVING-BELL, R. J., ESQ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H., 5a Oakfield Road, Clifton, Bristol. JACKSON, DR. MARGARET C. N., Mount Jocelyn, Crediton, Devon. JACKSON, W. T.-J., ESQ., 35 Willow Road, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. JENKINS, G. NEIL, ESQ., M.Sc., Ph.D., Department of Physiology, Medical School, King's College, Newcastle. on-Tyne, i. JOHNSON, GEORGE, ESQ., M.B., B.Chir., 57 East Parade, Harrogate, Yorks. JOHNSON, MRS. I., Windsor CotXtage, Trodds Lane, Merrow, Guildford, Surrey. JONES, DR. BARBARA, M.A., M.B., B.Chir., 6 South Road, The Park, Nottingham. JUBB, MICHAEL, ESQ., Hillcrest, Sandhills, Thorner, near Leeds. KENNEDY, MRS. A. M., 2 Arboretum Road, Edinburgh, 4. KENT, MRS. D. B., 67 Linden Grove, Alverstoke, Gosport, Hants. KINDERSLEY, CAPT. THE HON. P., Plaw Hatch, East Grinstead, Sussex. KINVIG, T. H., ESQ., Kaduna, West Braes, Crail, Fife, Scotland. KITCHENER, EARL, Winnington Hall Club, Northwich, Cheshire. KRAUSS, STEPHEN, ESQ., M.D. (Basle), Ph.D. (Vienna) M.Sc., F.B.Ps.S., Fair Mile Hospital, Wallingford, Berks. LAMBERT, E. W., ESQ., M.A., M.Sc., A.I.C.S., F.C.S., io6 Talbot Street, Moss Side, Manchester, i6. LAWSON, 4VRS. JANET K., Coombe Cottage, Haslemere, Surrey. LILLY, MISS LORNA J., The Botany Department, The University, Liverpool, 3. LINDSAY, A. C., ESQ., Ch.B., 51 Preston Road, Longridge, near Preston, Lancs. LORIMER, LT.-COL. D. L. R., C.I.E., 32 Parkway, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. MACALPINE, J. B., ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S., Michael's Nook, Grasmere, Westmorland. MACBRYDE, MRS. L. M., Sun Patch, West End Lane, Pinner, Middlesex.

14 Country-(contd.) McFEETERS, J. W., ESQ., M.D., B.Ch., Bramhall, Tattershall, Lincoln. MALLET, SIR VICTOR, G.C.M.G., C.V.O., Wittersham House,- near Tenterden, Kent. MATHERS, J. R., ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., go Middleton Hall Road, Kings Norton, Birmingham, 20. MILLS, MISS ENID E., 98 Purley Oaks Road, Sanderstead, Surrey. MONEY-KYRLE, MRS. R., B.Sc., Whetham, Calne, Wilts. MOONIE, MRS. JANET, 78 Newbattle Terrace, Edinburgh. MORGAN, LAWRENCE, ESQ., Ty Cwm, Llanthony, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. NISBET, JOHN D., ESQ., M.A., B.Ed., Department of Education, The University, Old Aberdeen, Aberdeen. PARRY, K. M., ESQ., Bellenden, Sandy Drive, Cobham, Surrey. PEACOCK, E. C., ESQ., The Elms, Mareham Road, Horncastle, Lincs. PHILIP, DR. URSULA, 8 Roseworth Terrace, Gosforth, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 3. PREDDY, W. S., ESQ., Gregor House, Aston, near Stevenage, Herts. RAFFERTY, MISS L. MAY, 55a North Road, Droylsden, near Manchester. RAMAGE, G., ESQ., M.A., M.D., County Medical Officer of Health, County Buildings, Stafford. REED, R. S., ESQ., M.Sc., M.I.Mech.E., J.P., Rossendale House, 6 Woods Orchard Road, Tuffley, Gloucester. ROBINSON, E. S. G., ESQ., Iwerne, Stepleton, Blandford, :orset. ROBINSON, JOHN E., ESQ., io Marlott Road, Windhill, Shipley, Yorks. ROBINSON, MRS. MARJORIE, Quinton Hill, Cleckheaton, Yorks. ROPER, W. F. ESQ., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Medical Officers House, H.M. Prison, Wakefield, Yorks. ROPER-POWER, E. R., ESQ., Ph.D., 37 Broad Street, Wokingham, Berks. SCOTT, A. H., ESQ., Blissford Pool, Fordingbridge, Hants. SIMPSON, ALEX. M., ESQ., Hillgarth, Churt Road, Hindhead, Surrey. SMITH, A. H., ESQ., Evenlode, South Road, Swanage, Dorset. SMITH, L. A., ESQ., i8o Birch Road, Hagley Road West, Birmingham, 32. SMITH, R. SAUVAN, ESQ., M.B., B.S., Westgate, i Lexden Road, Colchester, Essex. SPARROW, MRS. MARGARET, New Barn, Ferry Hinksey, Oxford. SPEDDING, M. C., ESQ., Villa Languard, Middle Warberry Road, Torquay, S. Devon. STEWART, WILLIAM, ESQ., 56 Cleveden Drive, Glasgow, W.2. STRICKLAND, MRS. H., Moat Cottage, Ebdens Hill, Sedlescombe, Sussex. STRICKLAND, MRS. H. M., Canbury Oak, North Trade Road, Battle, Sussex. TOMLINSON, C. G., ESQ., M.A., Banbury and District Hospitals Management Committee, Horton General Hospital, Banbury, Oxon. *TRACEY, S. THORNHILL, ESQ., Saltings, Bramber, Sussex. WALKER, J. H. MILNES, ESQ., F.R.C.S., M.R.C.P., Newfield Hall, Minshull Vernon, Middlewich, Cheshire. WATKIN, DR. J. H., Horton House, Horton, Epsom, Surrey. WATSON, G. M., ESQ., Poorsfield, High Halden, Ashford, Kent. WATSON, R. H. J., ESQ., B.Sc., Ph.D., 2 Galesway, Woodford Bridge, Essex. WATTS, MRS. J. E. L., Windwhistle, Hartfield, Sussex. WEATHERALL, R., ESQt, M.A., Sanatorium Cottage, Eton Wick, Windsor, Berks. WEBSTER, DOUGLAS, ESQ., Idlewild, Fountainhall Road, Aberdeen, Scotland. WEINER, J. S., ESQ., M.A., Ph.D., Dept. of Human Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford. WHEATLEY, MRS. S. C., 2 Pixholme Court, Dorking, Surrey. WHITEHOUSE, COMMANDER G. T., Pen-y-Bryn, Salisbury Road, Horsham, Sussex. WOOD, DR. JOHN C., Glendarnel, Abbey Road, Great Malvern, Worcs. WOLFF, WILLIAM D., ESQ., 85 Malden Hill, New Malden, Surrey. YAGER, R. S., ESQ., M.B., B.S., go Oswald Road, Scunthorpe, Lincs. * Honorary.

'5 OVERSEAS ADAMOPOULOS, D:R. G., 8 Lamias Street, Athens (6), Greece. BERMAN, MICHAEL, ESQ., Bank Chambers, Longmarket Street, c/o Long Street, Cape Town, S. Africa.- BOAS, DR. CONRAD VAN EMDE, M.D., Stadionweg 8o, Amsterdam-Z, Holland. BRUINS, DR. J. W., Zwolschestraat 6, Deventer, Holland. BRYANS, DR. A. M., Department of Paediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. COLIN, E. C., ESQ., goo East 83rd Street, Chicago i9, Illinois, U.S.A. COLLIS-GEORGE, MRS. F., c/o Dr. N. Collis-George, School of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. COLMEIRO-LAFORET, DR. C., Vigo Municipal Hospital, Colon 31, 20, Vigo, Spain. CUNHA-LOPES, DR. I. DA, Rua Alvaro Ramos 405, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, South America. DEMPSTER, PROF. EVERETT R., 3I4 Hilgard Hall, Genetics Dept., University of California, Berkeley, 4, California, U.S.A. DURAND-WEVER, DR. MED. ANNE-MARIE, Ansbacher Strasse 3, Berlin, W.3o, Germany. FARQUHARSON, MISS MAY, Fort George, Stony Hill, Jamaica, B.W.I. FERNANDO, MRS. E. C., 2 Paget Road, Colombo, 7, Ceylon. GOH KOK KEE, MRS., M.B.E., 15 Leedon Park, Singapore. GOLDMAN, B. \V., ESQ., DIPL.ING., A.M.I.E.E., Zlin-Co. Ltd., 173b Cecil Street, Singapore, i. GREGORY, IAN, ESQ., M.A., M.D., D.Psych., Ontario Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada. GROVE-WHITE, DR. MARY L., B.A., M.B., B.Ch., 32 Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Ii. LOWE, CLIFFORD, ESQ., c/o 71 Cook Road, Centennial Park, New South Wales, Australia. MACE, PROF. DAVID R., M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D., Drew University, Madison, New Jersey, U.S.A. NAMENYI, L., ESQ., M.D., Jaszai Mari Ter. -5, Budapest XIII, Hungary. PRAK, MISS R. G., Lammenschansweg 6, Leiden, Holland. RABASA, SOL L., ESQ., Corrientes 2259, Casilda F.C.C.A., Argentine Republic. RAZACK, H. M. ABDUL, ESQ., Chirag Ali Lane, Hyderabad, Deccan, India. SCOTT, MRS. URSULA, Bizana, 39 Southfield Road, Plumstead, Cape Province, South Africa. SCHAUDER, DR. RAY, 42 Buckingham Road, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. SANDON, HAROLD, ESQ., M.A., Ph.D., Zoology Department, Gordon Memorial University College, Khartoum, Sudan, Africa. SLOMAN, J. G., ESQ., B.Sc., M.D., B.S., cdo Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, 49 Berkeley Street, W.I. SMITH, PROF. H. FAIRFIELD, B.Sc., M.S.A., c/o Eric Ward, United Nations Building, Padre Faura, Manila, Philippine Islands. TAN, S. H., ESQ., F.C.C.S., F.S.S., Director, Marden Company, 82 Orchard Road, Singapore. TAYLOR, P. J., ESQ., B.Sc., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.P., R.A.F. Hospital, Akrotiri, B.F.P.O. 53, Cyprus. THOMPSON, NORMAN A., ESQ., I2 Square de Port-Royal, Paris I3, France. TIETZE, DR. CHRISTOPHER, M.D., 2532 Holmes Run Drive, Falls Church, Virginia,\U.S.A. TWITCHIN, E. E., ESQ., c/o Standard Bank of South Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa. THE EUGENICS SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, c/o Dr. Victor H. Wallace, " Lister House," 6I Collins Street, Melbourne, C.i, Australia. VILLACORTA, DR. 0. L., P.O. Box 632, 848 Rizal Avenue, Manila, Philippines. WELLS, DARRELL G., ESQ., General Delivery, State College, Mississippi, U.S.A.

PRINTED BY THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD., LETCHWORTH, HERTS., ENGLAND I ...... onsm

Which 's reproduced o the froi t pap of cover, is a lowering plant named in honour of Sir Francis GakoninisMO by Profesor J. Doeaisne of the Paris Museum of Naturl Bitoy THE EUGENICS SOCII -- -:- .~~~.

I Honorar"y Past Presidents: ---- SIR FRANCIS GALTON MAJOR LEONARD DARWIN SIR ALEXANDER CARR-SAUNDERS, M.A., LL.DD. President: *SIR CHARLES DARWIN, K.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents: *PAUL BLOOMFIELD PROFESSOR F. GRUNDY, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.H. MRS. B. BOSANQUET, B.A. *R. PILKINGTON, M.C., M.P. PETER R. COX, F.I.A., F.S.S. J. M. TANNER, M.D., Ph.D., D.P.M. Hon. Secretary: Hon. Treasurer: Hon. Librarian: *C. P. BLACKER, M.A., M.D. *G. AIRD WHYTE, M.C., B.SC. *CECIL BINNEY, M.A. MEMBERS OF COUNCIL: THE REV. D. SHERWIN BAILEY, Ph.D. MISS EVELYN LAWRENCE, B.Sc.(ECON.), C. 0. CARTER, B.A., B.M., M.R.C.P. Ph.D. THE EARL OF CRANBROOK, C.B.E., D.L., J.P. MRS. HILDA LEwIS, M.D., M.R.C.P. PROFESSOR C. D. DARLINGTON, D.Sc., F.R.S. CHRISTOPHER OUNSTED, M.A., D.M., D.C.H. SIR CHARLES DODDS, M.V.O., M.D., A. S. PARKES, C.B.E., M.A., Ph.D., Sc.D., F.R.S. F.R.C.P., F.R.S. R. C. PRITCHARD THE HON. MRS. GRANT DUFF MRS. M. A. PYKE GEOFFREY ELEY, C.B.E., M.A. SIR ARTHUR ELLIS, O.B.E., M.A., D.M., F.R.C.P. J. A. FRASER ROBERTS, M.D., D.Sc. F.R.C.P. MRS. E. FRENCH G. C. SELIGMAN, M.A. D. F. HUBBACK, M.A. J. P. M. TIZARD, M.A., B.M., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. K. HUTTON, M.A., D.PhiL. R. F. TREDGOLD, M.A., M.D., D.P.M. D. CARADOG JONES, M.A. C. W. USHER PROFESSOR A. KENNEDY, M.D., F.R.C.P. PROFESSOR P. E. VERNON, M.A., Ph.D. General Secretary: G. C. L. BERTRAM, M.A., Ph.D. Business Secretary: Miss F. B. SCHENK *Members of the Executive Committee.