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Reforming Eugenics
Working Papers on the Nature of Evidence: How Well Do “Facts” Travel? No. 12/06 Confronting the Stigma of Perfection: Genetic Demography, Diversity and the Quest for a Democratic Eugenics in the Post-war United States Edmund Ramsden © Edmund Ramsden Department of Economic History London School of Economics August 2006 how ‘facts’ “The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do ‘Facts’ Travel?” is funded by The Leverhulme Trust and the E.S.R.C. at the Department of Economic History, London School of Economics. For further details about this project and additional copies of this, and other papers in the series, go to: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collection/economichistory/ Series Editor: Dr. Jon Adams Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 6727 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 Confronting the Stigma of Perfection: Genetic Demography, Diversity and the Quest for a Democratic Eugenics in the Post- war United States1 Edmund Ramsden Abstract Eugenics has played an important role in the relations between social and biological scientists of population through time. Having served as a site for the sharing of data and methods between disciplines in the early twentieth century, scientists and historians have tended to view its legacy in terms of reduction and division - contributing distrust, even antipathy, between communities in the social and the biological sciences. Following the work of Erving Goffman, this paper will explore how eugenics has, as the epitome of “bad” or “abnormal” science, served as a “stigma symbol” in the politics of boundary work. -
SOHASKY-DISSERTATION-2017.Pdf (2.074Mb)
DIFFERENTIAL MINDS: MASS INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND RACE SCIENCE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Kate E. Sohasky A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baltimore, Maryland May 9, 2017 © Kate E. Sohasky All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Historians have argued that race science and eugenics retreated following their discrediting in the wake of the Second World War. Yet if race science and eugenics disappeared, how does one explain their sudden and unexpected reemergence in the form of the neohereditarian work of Arthur Jensen, Richard Herrnstein, and Charles Murray? This dissertation argues that race science and eugenics did not retreat following their discrediting. Rather, race science and eugenics adapted to changing political and social climes, at times entering into states of latency, throughout the twentieth century. The transnational history of mass intelligence testing in the twentieth century demonstrates the longevity of race science and eugenics long after their discrediting. Indeed, the tropes of race science and eugenics persist today in the modern I.Q. controversy, as the dissertation shows. By examining the history of mass intelligence testing in multiple nations, this dissertation presents narrative of the continuity of race science and eugenics throughout the twentieth century. Dissertation Committee: Advisors: Angus Burgin and Ronald G. Walters Readers: Louis Galambos, Nathaniel Comfort, and Adam Sheingate Alternates: François Furstenberg -
The Rhesus Factor and Disease Prevention
THE RHESUS FACTOR AND DISEASE PREVENTION The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 3 June 2003 Edited by D T Zallen, D A Christie and E M Tansey Volume 22 2004 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2004 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2004 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 0 85484 099 1 Histmed logo images courtesy Wellcome Library, London. Design and production: Julie Wood at Shift Key Design 020 7241 3704 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Zallen D T, Christie D A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2004) The Rhesus Factor and Disease Prevention. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 22. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications;Acknowledgements vii E M Tansey and D A Christie Introduction Doris T Zallen xix Transcript Edited by D T Zallen, D A Christie and E M Tansey 1 References 61 Biographical notes 75 Glossary 85 Index 89 Key to cover photographs ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 John Walker-Smith performs an exchange transfusion on a newborn with haemolytic disease. Photograph provided by Professor John Walker-Smith. Reproduced with permission of Memoir Club. 13 Figure 2 Radiograph taken on day after amniocentesis for bilirubin assessment and followed by contrast (1975). -
Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online following the links to Publications/Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Joy Delhanty. 9 Figure 3 (a) The karyotype of a phenotypically normal woman and (b) family pedigree, showing three generations with inherited translocation. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
Genetic Testing
GENETIC TESTING The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 13 July 2001 Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey Volume 17 2003 CONTENTS Illustrations v Introduction Professor Peter Harper vii Acknowledgements ix Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications xi E M Tansey and D A Christie Transcript Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey 1 References 73 Biographical notes 91 Glossary 105 Index 115 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Triploid cells in a human embryo, 1961. 20 Figure 2 The use of FISH with DNA probes from the X and Y chromosomes to sex human embryos. 62 v vi INTRODUCTION Genetic testing is now such a widespread and important part of medicine that it is hard to realize that it has almost all emerged during the past 30 years, with most of the key workers responsible for the discoveries and development of the field still living and active. This alone makes it a suitable subject for a Witness Seminar but there are others that increase its value, notably the fact that a high proportion of the critical advances took place in the UK; not just the basic scientific research, but also the initial applications in clinical practice, particularly those involving inherited disorders. To see these topics discussed by the people who were actually involved in their creation makes fascinating reading; for myself it is tinged with regret at having been unable to attend and contribute to the seminar, but with some compensation from being able to look at the contributions more objectively than can a participant. -
Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development Harper, PS; REYNOLDS, LA; TANSEY, EM
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Queen Mary Research Online Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and development Harper, PS; REYNOLDS, LA; TANSEY, EM For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/2823 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2010) Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and development. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 39. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. -
Report of a Conference on Examination Methods Held on 14 and 15 November' 1968 at the Royal College Ofphysicians, London
CONFERENCE REPORTS Report of a conference on examination methods held on 14 and 15 November' 1968 at the Royal College ofPhysicians, London THE PARTICIPANTS AT THIS CONFERENCE were not only faculty representatives or members of the College concerned with the development of an examination; half were from other Royal Colleges and their extensive experience of organizing examinations was freely given, greatly to our benefit. It was clear that the running of any examination is a serious and difficult undertaking, requiring study, effort, criticism and constant revision. The effort of this College in organizing this conference was impressive to all who participated. There is no longer any doubt that an examination in general practice is possible, but every method or combination of methods has limitations. Correlation between examination results and subsequent perform- ance as a clinician is in any case small. The multiple choice question method has been shown to be reliable; it can cover a wide range of subjects and is least subject to variation due to different examiners. It stood out in this conference as the best singel method available. It was actually sampled by all the 100 participants on the first day. The conference was opened by SIR MAX ROSENHEIM, in double capacity, as president of the Royal College of Physicians and as chairman of the Education Foundation of the Royal Coilege of General Practitioners. The purpose of the conference was to decide, since proper vocational training and the passing of an examination are now necessary for membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners, what form the examination should take. -
MRCP(UK) March 2001
ClinMed13.240to245 24/5/73 9:51 am Page 240 MRCP(UK) March 2001 MRCP(UK) March 2001 The following candidates having passed the Membership Examination through the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Physicians of London are now proposed for acceptance of the Diploma of Membership of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom ABALKHAIL, Sheikha Ibrahim AL-SINANI, Ayisha Mohamed Said, BRADFORD, Andrew Peter James, Abdulrahman Saleh, MB Kuwait MB Bahrain MB Dund ABDEL GADIR, Eltayeb Abdalla, ALYAS, Faisal, MB Lond BRADLEY, Lloyd John, MB Lond MB Khartoum AMIN, Safiya Saif Mohamed, BRADY, Joanne Louise, MB Lond ABDEL HAFEEZ, Nabeel Yousif, MB Bahrain BRAUN, Michael Stuart, MB Manc MB Khartoum ANDERSON, Owen Alexander, BROWN, Ewan Russell Stewart, ABDUL KHADIR CHADURANKA V, MB Edin MB Edin MB Kerala ANURADHA, Suruli Sikkaiyan, BROWN, Philippa Latham, MB Lond ABDULLAH, Asmarani, MB Newcastle MB Madras BROWN, Simon James, MB Edin ABO EL-SOUD, Khaled Mahmoud ARUN, Sadasivam, MB Madras BURKE, Georgina, MB Lond Korani, MB Ain Shams ARUNDEL, Morag Elaine Murray, BUTTON, Michael Robert, MB Lond ABUBAKAR, Saidu Yaya, BM Nigeria MB Leeds CAHALIN, Paul Andrew, MB Lond ABU-HALIMAH, Wagih Mohammed ARUTCHELVAM, Vijayaraman, CALDERBANK, Stephanie-Jayne, Morsy, MB Alexandria MB Madurai MB Lpool ADLAM, David, BM Oxfd ASHRAF, Muhammad Javed, CAMILLERI, David James, MD Malta AFFLECK, Andrew Graeme, MB Glasg MB Punjab (Pak) CAMPBELL, Andrew John, MB Lond AGGARWAL, -
Indexed Executive Board
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION EB43/4 3 January 1969 ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ INDEXED EXECUTIVE BOARD REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR EUROPE Report on the Eighteenth Session The Director-General has the honour to present to the Executive Board the report on the 1 eighteenth session of the Regional Committee for Europe. 1 Document EUR/RC18/19 Rev.l EB4j/4 ANNEX WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTE ВСЕМИРНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR EUROPE COMITE REGIONAL DE L'EUROPE ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОМИТЕТ Eighteenth Session EÜR/RC18/19 Rev.l Varna. 24-28 September 1968 22 October 1968 REPORT OF THE EIGHTEENTH SESSION OF THE REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR EUROPE Contents EâBÊ. INTRODUCTION ) PART 工 Report of the Regional Director 8 PART II Matters arising out of decisions of the World Health Assembly and of the Executive Board 12 Matters arising out of decisions of the Regional Committee at its seventeenth session 13 Accommodation for the Regional Office and place of Regional Committee sessions 16 Technical máttérs The public health uses of electronic computers 17 The prevalence of phenylketonuria in the European Region 17 Fatal home accidents in Europe l8 Technical discussions 18 Technical discussions at future sessions of the Regional Committee .. 19 Date and place of regular sessions of the Regional CcMnmittee in 1969 and 197O 19 Other business 19 EUR/RC18/19 Rev.l page 2 Раде PART III Proposed programme and budget estimates for 197〇 19 PART IV - Resolutions EUR/RC18/R1 Report of the Regional Director 21 EUR/RC18/R2 Noise control 22 EUR/RC18/R5 Matters arising out of decisions of the World Health Assembly and of the Executive Board 22 EUR/SC18/R4 Cardiovascular diseases 2J EUR/RC18/ÏÎ5 Long-term planning and evaluation 23 EUR/RCl8/Ro Inter-regional projects financed from the United Nations Development Programme 25 EUR/RC18/R7 Biennial programming 25 EUR/RC18/R8 Proposed programme and budget estimates for 1970 26 EUR/RC18/R9 The work of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in the European Region and collaboration . -
2007 Newsletter
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PEACE STUDIES AND GLOBAL PHILOS- OPHY Rhos y Gallt, Llanerfyl, Near Welshpool, Powys, Wales, SY21 OER Tel/Fax: 01938 820586 website: www.educationaid.net email: [email protected] Director, Thomas Clough Daffern B.A. (Hons) D.Sc. (Hon) PGCE email: [email protected] Tel. 01938 820586 Mobile: (m) 07951 600959 Secretary General, Mary Napper (B.A. Hons.) 01939 233834 email: [email protected] International Secretary: Sheena McDonagh 07779851739 [email protected] Olga Skerry, Development Coordinator, London 0207 341 7632 Mobile 0798 5590052 [email protected] Treasurer: Jenny Wheatcroft B.A. (Hons.) Tel. 00 64 4 2932987Email: [email protected] IIPSGP 2007 NEWSLETTER 1.EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION: Firstly, I thought I’d take this opportunity of the Newsletter to let you know a little of what I have been up to in the past year (2006). All in all it’s been a pretty eventful and memorable year for me, so I thought I would share it with my friends and IIPSGP members. This year (2007) there is no MUSES Journal per se; instead, members will receive a free copy of my SELECTED PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS 1985-2005 on CD rom. This is a 795 page book, which has been published in hard back form by www.lulu.com/iipsgp –The essays are divided into 9 sections, one dedicated to each to the 9 Muses, as is the normal Muses Love Journal from IIPSGP. I hope you enjoy them ! Next year a Journal ! In the Spring and Summer terms I was teaching still at Sherwood Hall School in Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, and enjoying the regular rhythm of commuting to work, living in Nottinghamshire in the week and coming home for weekends, staying in an interesting part of Nottingham called Sherwood. -
Chromosomes in the Clinic: the Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome Andrew Joseph Hogan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Andrew Joseph, "Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 873. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/873 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/873 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome Abstract This dissertation examines the visual cultures of postwar biomedicine, with a particular focus on how various techniques, conventions, and professional norms have shaped the `look', classification, diagnosis, and understanding of genetic diseases. Many scholars have previously highlighted the `informational' approaches of postwar genetics, which treat the human genome as an expansive data set comprised of three billion DNA nucleotides. Since the 1950s however, clinicians and genetics researchers have largely interacted with the human genome at the microscopically visible level of chromosomes. Mindful of this, my dissertation examines