DOCSLIB.ORG

Lionel Sharples Penrose

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lionel Sharples Penrose J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.11.1.1 on 1 March 1974. Downloaded from Journal of Medical Genetics (1974). 11, 1. Lionel Sharples Penrose (1898-1972) HARRY HARRIS Department of Human Genetics and Biometry, The Galton Laboratory, University College London Lionel Penrose was born in London on 11 June then went off to continue his postgraduate studies 1898. His father James Doyle Penrose (1862-1932) at the University of Vienna. Here he did some who was a portrait painter and his mother Elizabeth work on memory and perception in E. Biihler's Josephine (Peckover) Penrose were both members of laboratory and also had the opportunity of meeting the Society of Friends (Quakers), as their ancestors Sigmund Freud and other leading psychiatrists in- had been for more than 200 years. He was the cluding Wagner Jauregg and Paul Schilder. At second of four brothers. They were brought up this time he attempted to write a thesis on the psy- strictly according to the religious principles of the chology of mathematics, but this did not get very Society of Friends. On Sundays for example no far, and he became more and more interested in the games were allowed nor the reading of fiction, problems posed by abnormal psychology and mental though the study of natural history and of astro- disorder. He came to the conclusion that to enter nomy in particular was encouraged. In later life this field he must qualify in medicine. Decided on though he remained a member of the Society of this course, he returned to Cambridge in 1925 to do Friends he was not particularly zealous about re- the necessary preclinical studies (lst and 2nd MB) ligious meetings. However, his Quaker upbring- and then moved to St Thomas's Hospital, London for ing no doubt played an important part in determin- the clinical work. He obtained his medical degree ing his extreme dislike of show and pretentiousness in 1928. At St Thomas's he was awarded the and his pacifist outlook. Also he never acquired a Bristowe Medal for pathology. taste for fiction. After qualifying in medicine he obtained a re- He went to The Downs School at Colwall (1908- search studentship to work at the City Mental 11) and then to Leighton Park School at Reading Hospital in Cardiff. Here he was mainly occupied http://jmg.bmj.com/ (1912-16). After leaving school he served in the in studies on a patient with schizophrenia which Friends' Ambulance Train of the British Red Cross formed the basis of a thesis for the MD which he in France, and was demobilized after the end of the obtained in 1930. In 1931 he moved again, this War in 1918. time to the Royal Eastern Counties Institution at He went up to St John's College, Cambridge, in Colchester where he obtained the appointment of January 1919, where he first decided to read mathe- Research Medical Officer, a position sponsored by matics, but soon changed to the Moral Sciences the Pinsent-Darwin Trust and the Medical Re- Tripos. This was partly because he wanted to search Council in order to foster research into on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. study mathematical logic under Bertrand Russell, mental defect. and partly because it offered the opportunity of The move to Colchester represented the starting studying psychology. However, it also involved point of his research career in human genetics and doing philosophy which he always claimed he could in mental retardation which he was to pursue for never understand. In Part II of the Tripos he the rest of his life. In 1939 he moved to Canada to specialized in logic and obtained a First. He was become Director of Psychiatric Research for On- awarded the Newcombe Prize and a Foundation tario. But he returned to England in 1945 when Scholarship at St John's. he was appointed to the Galton Professorship of After obtaining his BA in 1921 he spent a year Eugenics at University College London. In 1965 doing research in psychology with F. C. Bartlett and when he retired from the Galton Chair he became Director of the Kennedy-Galton Centre at Harper- We would like to acknowledge our gratitude to the bury Hospital near St Albans where he continued Royal Society for permission to print this article which to direct an active research programme till the end. appeared in Biographical Memoirs ofFellows of the Royal During the years after the war the subject of Society, 19, 521 (1973).-EDITOR human genetics underwent a period of the most 1 J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.11.1.1 on 1 March 1974. Downloaded from 2 Harry Harris remarkable expansion and development, so that by patients was largely the product of legal and ad- the time of his death the subject was a very different ministrative decisions designed to achieve a con- one from that which he had taken up in 1931. He venient way of providing care within the existing remained throughout a leading figure in the field and framework of institutional and other arrangements. exerted a considerable influence on its development The state, at that time, of what might be regarded both by his own contributions and through his as educated lay opinion about the causes of mental students. In his 20 years at the Galton Laboratory defect is well illustrated by a story Penrose de- there was a constant stream of postdoctoral fellows lighted to tell about the official opening of a new particularly from the USA but also from other wing at the Colchester Institution. The patron of countries who came to work with him, and the the Institution was the King and it was hoped that a critical approach to human genetics which he member of the Royal Family could be induced to fostered consequently became widely disseminated. perform the opening cermony. The selected He received many honours and awards. These candidate after some negotiation was a Royal Duke, included Honorary DScs from McGill, Edinburgh, but it was stipulated by the civil servants who made and Newcastle and the Honorary MD from the arrangements that he was not to be allowed to Goteborg; the Weldon Medal for Biometrics from see any of the patients. The reason given for this the University of Oxford, 1950; the Albert Lasker precaution was that the Duchess was at that time Award, 1960; the International Award of the Joseph pregnant. In the end it all turned out well. The P. Kennedy Jr Foundation, 1964; the James Duke was greeted with enthusiasm by a guard of Calvert Spence Memorial Medal of the British honour who proudly stood to attention to salute him. Paediatric Society, 1964; and in 1965 at the 18th They were all patients who belonged to the hospital World Health Assembly in Geneva he received the troops of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. With some first annual award of the Leon Bernstein Founda- difficulty it had been possible to persuade the tion for research in mental subnormality. He was authorities that any prenatal impressions of imbe- President of the Genetical Society of Great Britain cility from this source should they be vicariously 1955-58 and President of the Third International transmitted to the Duchess would be innocuous. Congress of Human Genetics in Chicago in 1966. Medical and scientific opinion was no doubt some- He was elected FRS in 1953, FRCP in 1962, and what in advance of this. But little systematic FRC Psych in 1971. scientific research into the medical and biological In 1928 he married Margaret, the daughter of problems posed by mental defect had in fact been John Beresford Leathes, FRS, Professor of Physio- carried out, principally because the subject seemed logy at the University of Sheffield. They had too far removed from the mainstream of medical http://jmg.bmj.com/ four children; Oliver (b. 1929), now Professor of science, or indeed from the mainstream of psy- Mathematics at the Open University; Roger (b. chiatry. Certainly there appeared to be few conven- 1931), now Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics, ventional career prospects in embarking on research Oxford, and also FRS; Jonathan (b. 1933) who is an in this field, but to Penrose the apparent disad- International Chess Master; and Shirley Victoria vantages and difficulties were probably among its (b. 1945), now a paediatrician. main attractions. He was never one to follow the herd. Furthermore, he seems to have perceived The Colchester Survey from the beginning that if the subject was on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. The work that Penrose was appointed to carry approached quite objectively and without pre- out at the Royal Eastern Counties Institution under conceptions, and if a careful and systematic collec- the auspices of the Pinsent-Darwin Trust and the tion of facts about a large array of patients of all Medical Research Council was planned in 1930. grades and types and about their families could be The aim was to 'increase existing knowledge in the compiled, then there would be for the first time causation of mental deficiency', and it was decided a firm base on which a critical analysis of possible that the first thing that had to be done was to carry causal factors could be built. In particular he saw out a detailed study of a large series of mentally that if accurate numerical information about such defective patients of all grades and types from both things as parental age, birth order, stillbirths, and the clinical and the genetical points of view. Al- the incidence of particular abnormalities and dif- though by that time mental defect had come to be ferent grades of defect among the sibs and other recognized as a major social problem, there was relatives of the patients were collected, then these very little firm scientific knowledge about its nature could be susceptible to rigorous statistical analysis, or causation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reforming Eugenics
    Working Papers on the Nature of Evidence: How Well Do “Facts” Travel? No. 12/06 Confronting the Stigma of Perfection: Genetic Demography, Diversity and the Quest for a Democratic Eugenics in the Post-war United States Edmund Ramsden © Edmund Ramsden Department of Economic History London School of Economics August 2006 how ‘facts’ “The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do ‘Facts’ Travel?” is funded by The Leverhulme Trust and the E.S.R.C. at the Department of Economic History, London School of Economics. For further details about this project and additional copies of this, and other papers in the series, go to: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collection/economichistory/ Series Editor: Dr. Jon Adams Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 6727 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 Confronting the Stigma of Perfection: Genetic Demography, Diversity and the Quest for a Democratic Eugenics in the Post- war United States1 Edmund Ramsden Abstract Eugenics has played an important role in the relations between social and biological scientists of population through time. Having served as a site for the sharing of data and methods between disciplines in the early twentieth century, scientists and historians have tended to view its legacy in terms of reduction and division - contributing distrust, even antipathy, between communities in the social and the biological sciences. Following the work of Erving Goffman, this paper will explore how eugenics has, as the epitome of “bad” or “abnormal” science, served as a “stigma symbol” in the politics of boundary work.
    [Show full text]
  • SOHASKY-DISSERTATION-2017.Pdf (2.074Mb)
    DIFFERENTIAL MINDS: MASS INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND RACE SCIENCE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Kate E. Sohasky A dissertation submitted to the Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baltimore, Maryland May 9, 2017 © Kate E. Sohasky All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Historians have argued that race science and eugenics retreated following their discrediting in the wake of the Second World War. Yet if race science and eugenics disappeared, how does one explain their sudden and unexpected reemergence in the form of the neohereditarian work of Arthur Jensen, Richard Herrnstein, and Charles Murray? This dissertation argues that race science and eugenics did not retreat following their discrediting. Rather, race science and eugenics adapted to changing political and social climes, at times entering into states of latency, throughout the twentieth century. The transnational history of mass intelligence testing in the twentieth century demonstrates the longevity of race science and eugenics long after their discrediting. Indeed, the tropes of race science and eugenics persist today in the modern I.Q. controversy, as the dissertation shows. By examining the history of mass intelligence testing in multiple nations, this dissertation presents narrative of the continuity of race science and eugenics throughout the twentieth century. Dissertation Committee: Advisors: Angus Burgin and Ronald G. Walters Readers: Louis Galambos, Nathaniel Comfort, and Adam Sheingate Alternates: François Furstenberg
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Genetics in Britain: Origins and Development
    CLINICAL GENETICS IN BRITAIN: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 23 September 2008 Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Volume 39 2010 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2010 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2010 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 127 1 All volumes are freely available online following the links to Publications/Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl.ac.uk/histmed CONTENTS Illustrations and credits v Abbreviations vii Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications; Acknowledgements E M Tansey and L A Reynolds ix Introduction Sir John Bell xix Transcript Edited by P S Harper, L A Reynolds and E M Tansey 1 Appendix 1 Initiatives supporting clinical genetics, 1983–99 by Professor Rodney Harris 83 Appendix 2 The Association of Genetic Nurses and Counsellors (AGNC) by Professor Heather Skirton 87 References 89 Biographical notes 113 Glossary 133 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure 1 Professor Lionel Penrose, c. 1960. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Shirley Hodgson. 8 Figure 2 Dr Mary Lucas, clinical geneticist at the Galton Laboratory, explains a poster to the University of London’s Chancellor, Princess Anne, October 1981. Provided by and reproduced with permission of Professor Joy Delhanty. 9 Figure 3 (a) The karyotype of a phenotypically normal woman and (b) family pedigree, showing three generations with inherited translocation.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Testing
    GENETIC TESTING The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 13 July 2001 Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey Volume 17 2003 CONTENTS Illustrations v Introduction Professor Peter Harper vii Acknowledgements ix Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications xi E M Tansey and D A Christie Transcript Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey 1 References 73 Biographical notes 91 Glossary 105 Index 115 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Triploid cells in a human embryo, 1961. 20 Figure 2 The use of FISH with DNA probes from the X and Y chromosomes to sex human embryos. 62 v vi INTRODUCTION Genetic testing is now such a widespread and important part of medicine that it is hard to realize that it has almost all emerged during the past 30 years, with most of the key workers responsible for the discoveries and development of the field still living and active. This alone makes it a suitable subject for a Witness Seminar but there are others that increase its value, notably the fact that a high proportion of the critical advances took place in the UK; not just the basic scientific research, but also the initial applications in clinical practice, particularly those involving inherited disorders. To see these topics discussed by the people who were actually involved in their creation makes fascinating reading; for myself it is tinged with regret at having been unable to attend and contribute to the seminar, but with some compensation from being able to look at the contributions more objectively than can a participant.
    [Show full text]
  • Johnston, Alan
    Alan Johnston Personal Details Name Alan Johnston Dates 1928 Place of Birth UK (Manchester) Main work places Aberdeen Principal field of work Clinical genetics Short biography See below Interview Recorded interview made Yes Interviewer Peter Harper Date of Interview 24/09/2008 Edited transcript available See below Personal Scientific Records Significant Record set exists Records catalogued Permanent place of archive Summary of archive Biography Alan Johnston was born 8.1.1928 in Manchester, educated at Manchester Grammar School and studied medicine at Cambridge and UCH qualifying in 1951. He later spent a year at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He became Consultant Physician in the Aberdeen Teaching Hospitals in 1966 and subsequently Clinical Senior Lecturer in medicine and genetics. Fellowship of the three Colleges of Physicians followed. With Eric McKay, he initiated the clinical genetics service for N.E.Scotland. With David Pyke, he played a crucial role in the setting up of the Clinical Genetics Committee of the College of Physicians and was its first Hon. Sec. He also served in various capacities on other committees and working parties concerned in the recognition of the specialty and its training programme, including the Scottish Molecular Genetics Consortium. In addition to lectures to the Royal Colleges, he published around one hundred papers. His outside interests include eldership of the Church of Scotland, active membership of the Christian Medical Fellowship, travel, gardening, archaeology and three grandchildren. INTERVIEW WITH DR ALAN JOHNSTON, 24th SEPTEMBER, 2008 PSH. It’s 24th September 2008 and I’m talking with Dr Alan Johnston from Aberdeen and the recording is being made in London.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Newsletter
    INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PEACE STUDIES AND GLOBAL PHILOS- OPHY Rhos y Gallt, Llanerfyl, Near Welshpool, Powys, Wales, SY21 OER Tel/Fax: 01938 820586 website: www.educationaid.net email: [email protected] Director, Thomas Clough Daffern B.A. (Hons) D.Sc. (Hon) PGCE email: [email protected] Tel. 01938 820586 Mobile: (m) 07951 600959 Secretary General, Mary Napper (B.A. Hons.) 01939 233834 email: [email protected] International Secretary: Sheena McDonagh 07779851739 [email protected] Olga Skerry, Development Coordinator, London 0207 341 7632 Mobile 0798 5590052 [email protected] Treasurer: Jenny Wheatcroft B.A. (Hons.) Tel. 00 64 4 2932987Email: [email protected] IIPSGP 2007 NEWSLETTER 1.EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION: Firstly, I thought I’d take this opportunity of the Newsletter to let you know a little of what I have been up to in the past year (2006). All in all it’s been a pretty eventful and memorable year for me, so I thought I would share it with my friends and IIPSGP members. This year (2007) there is no MUSES Journal per se; instead, members will receive a free copy of my SELECTED PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS 1985-2005 on CD rom. This is a 795 page book, which has been published in hard back form by www.lulu.com/iipsgp –The essays are divided into 9 sections, one dedicated to each to the 9 Muses, as is the normal Muses Love Journal from IIPSGP. I hope you enjoy them ! Next year a Journal ! In the Spring and Summer terms I was teaching still at Sherwood Hall School in Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, and enjoying the regular rhythm of commuting to work, living in Nottinghamshire in the week and coming home for weekends, staying in an interesting part of Nottingham called Sherwood.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosomes in the Clinic: the Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome Andrew Joseph Hogan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Andrew Joseph, "Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 873. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/873 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/873 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chromosomes in the Clinic: The Visual Localization and Analysis of Genetic Disease in the Human Genome Abstract This dissertation examines the visual cultures of postwar biomedicine, with a particular focus on how various techniques, conventions, and professional norms have shaped the `look', classification, diagnosis, and understanding of genetic diseases. Many scholars have previously highlighted the `informational' approaches of postwar genetics, which treat the human genome as an expansive data set comprised of three billion DNA nucleotides. Since the 1950s however, clinicians and genetics researchers have largely interacted with the human genome at the microscopically visible level of chromosomes. Mindful of this, my dissertation examines
    [Show full text]
  • Stories in Isolation the Impact of Gene Discovery on Families And
    Stories in Isolation The impact of gene discovery on families and professionals Catherine Sampson Submitted to Cardiff University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2009 UMI Number: U585292 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U585292 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed.O?Jf^4*^ft< . ..(candidate) Date .•3?.:3:.as3.............. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. Signed. .. .(candidate) Date a o * 3 : ..2 s S f ll............ STATEMENT 2 This thesis is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed Q)fr*&r?r.. .. .(candidate) Date... ....2Q.-3.:.2sP%............ STATEMENT 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Historians Art and Science Have Discussed the Creation of Pictorial
    OCAD University Open Research Repository Faculty of Liberal Arts & Sciences and School of Interdisciplinary Studies 2005 Ideas About Heredity, Genetics, and ‘Medical Genetics’ in Britain, 1900–1982 William Leeming OCAD University [email protected] © Elsevier. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Not for redistribution. Original source at DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.07.004. Recommended citation: Leeming, William. “Ideas about Heredity, Genetics, and ‘medical Genetics’ in Britain, 1900–1982.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36.3 (2005): 538–558. Web. Leeming, W. (2005). Ideas about heredity, genetics, and ‘medical genetics’ in Britain, 1900–1982. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 36(3), 538-558. Pre-Publication Draft Ideas About Heredity, Genetics, and ‘Medical Genetics’ in Britain, 1900-1982 Abstract: The aim of this paper is to understand how evolving ideas about heredity and genetics influenced new medical interests and practices and, eventually, the formation of ‘medical genetics’ as a medical specialism in Britain. I begin the paper by throwing highlight on the social and institutional changes through which these ideas passed. I argue that, with time, there was a decisive convergence in thought that combined ideas about the familial aspects of heredity and the health needs of populations with an omnibus ‘genetic’ approach to health and illness that focused on the structures and activities of chromosomes and genes in individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Testing (V19) 3/11/03 8:46 Pm Page I
    Genetic Testing (v19) 3/11/03 8:46 pm Page i GENETIC TESTING The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 13 July 2001 Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey Volume 17 2003 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2003 First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2003 The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 085484 094 6 All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as: Christie D A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2003) Genetic Testing. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 17. London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. Key Front cover photographs, top to bottom: Professor Marcus Pembrey Dr Patricia Tippett Professor Doris Zallen Professor Sir David Weatherall, Professor Charles Rodeck Inside front cover photographs, top to bottom: Professor John Woodrow Professor Rodney Harris Professor John Edwards (1928–2007) Professor Sue Povey Back cover photographs, top to bottom: Professor Ursula Mittwoch Professor Malcolm Ferguson-Smith Professor Matteo Adinolfi Professor Paul Polani (1914–2006) Inside back cover photographs, top to bottom: Professor Matteo Adinolfi, Professor Paul Polani (1914–2006) Professor Paul Polani (1914–2006), Professor Rodney Harris Professor Bernadette Modell Mrs Cathy Holding, Professor Alan Handyside Genetic Testing (v19) 3/11/03 8:46 pm Page iii CONTENTS Illustrations v Introduction Professor Peter Harper vii Acknowledgements ix Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications xi E M Tansey and D A Christie Transcript Edited by D A Christie and E M Tansey 1 References 73 Biographical notes 91 Glossary 105 Index 115 Genetic Testing (v19) 3/11/03 8:46 pm Page iv Genetic Testing (v19) 3/11/03 8:46 pm Page v ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Triploid cells in a human embryo, 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • 1919: Psychology and Psychoanalysis, Cambridge and London – Myers, Jones and Maccurdy
    November 13, 2007 Time: 07:54pm 005.tex 1919: PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS, CAMBRIDGE AND LONDON – MYERS, JONES AND MACCURDY John Forrester, Cambridge, UK ‘The A ferment here is remarkable’, Ernest Jones wrote to Freud in early January 1919. This paper explores some of the consequences of this English ferment for the future direction of psychoanalysis in the period 1919–1926. It differs from more standard accounts of the early history of psychoanalysis in that it is deliberately not focused on the strategies adopted by Freud and his close disciples. This rather different picture of the development and reception of psychoanalysis in Britain arose as part of a larger ‘micro- history’ of the reception of psychoanalysis in Cambridge. Instead of being Vienna-ocentric, this picture is Cambridge-ocentric.1 It might seem odd, perhaps even perverse, to take this view from the English Fens of the quintessentially central European urban creation that was Freud’s, but, as the cradle of the British elite and as the centre of its scientific institutions in the early twentieth century, its ‘High Science’, Cambridge turns out to be an ideal place to study the establishment of Freud’s ideas and practices (Werskey 1978). If one needs more persuasion, one has only to turn to a list of those early English analysts who had strong ties with Cambridge: John Rickman, James and Alix Strachey, Karin and Adrian Stephen, Joan Riviere, Susan Isaacs, Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby – and this list is by no means complete. As important as the backgrounds and experience of individuals are the development of institutions, in particular the foundation of the British Psycho-Analytical Society (BPsaS), the transformation of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the development of psychological 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Century of Geneticists Mutation to Medicine a Century of Geneticists Mutation to Medicine
    A Century of Geneticists Mutation to Medicine http://taylorandfrancis.com A Century of Geneticists Mutation to Medicine Krishna Dronamraju CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-4866-7 (Paperback) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-35313-8 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright .com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
    [Show full text]