DOCSLIB.ORG

A Grammatico-Semantic Exploration of the Problems of Sentence Formation and Interpretation in the Classroom, Volume 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Grammatico-Semantic Exploration of the Problems of Sentence Formation and Interpretation in the Classroom, Volume 1 DOCUMENT RESUME ED olie 243 24 TE 002 130 AUTHOR Bateman, Donald R.; Zidonis, Frank J. TITLE A Grammatico-Semantic Exploration of the Problems of Sentence Formation and Interpretation in the Classroom, Volume 1. Final Report. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Research Foundation. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW) ,Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-5-0618 PUB DATE May 70 CONTRACT OEC-6-10-107 NOTE 381p.; Project origiDally titi2d "Development of Composition Programs Based on Generative Grammar and Psycholinguistic Theory for Grades 7-'74" EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-50.65 HC-$13.16 DESCRIPTORS Case (Grammar), Composition (Literary), Critical Reading, *Curriculum Development, Deep Structure, *Grammar, *Linguist Linguistic Theory, Literature, Poetzy,,,e search, *Semantics, *Sentence Structur ABSTRACT In the introduction to this volume of a two volume do-mment (See also TE 002 131.) written for curriculum developers, Donala Bateman identifies the recent periods in the development of linguistic thoaght and methodology, and presents language curriculum development as the continuing exploration of the processes of evolving linguistic structures. Ti.omas G. Shroyer, in "An Investigation of the Semantics of English Sentences as a Proposed Basis for Language Curriculum Materials," (1) 5£t. forth case relaticns through an examination of types of sentences,(2) describes a component of a grammar designed to incorporate case relationships into a descrir.ticn of semantic deep structures, (3) illustrates the use of the results of the above developments in the ,,ritical reading of poetry, and (4)indicates future areas of study. Barbara Van Horn, in "AD Anecdotal Account of a Classroom Investigation of the Semantics of English Sentences," indicates ways in which grammatical principles may be applied to literature, advertising, composition, and sentence structure. (JM) U.S DEMONIC Of HULK EDVCITION N. WINK RA: /;% OfPCE Of MOTION Pr% DOZUMEN1 HAS DEIN 0911000(E0 EXACTIN AS RECEIVED FROM 1ME -4" PERSON OR 000,4111110A ORIC,INCLIEG II.POENIS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS STALED DO NOT NECESSARILY 010011001 OFFICIAL OFFICN Of EDUCATION C4) POSIIION OR 0011CY. VOLUME I C:) LAJ FINAL REPORT Project No. 2133 Contract No. 0E-6-10-107 A GRAAHATICO-SEMANTIC EXPLORATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF SENTENCE FORMATION AND INTERPRETATION IN THE CLASSROOM Donald R. Bateman Frank J. Zidonis The Ohio State University Research Foundation Columbus, Ohio May 1970 The research roported herein was vrformed pursuant to a Contract with the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.The original title of this project was DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITION PROGRAMS BASED ON GENMATIVE GRAMMAR AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC THEORY FOR ORADEA 7-9. Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their pro- fassioual judgment in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education positi,.or policy. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Bureau of Research 1 OTHER PROJECT PERSONNEL Junior High School Language Arts Consultant Jane Stewart Research Associates William E. Craig Thomas 0. Shroyer Bruce Oansneder Field Coordinator Elizabeth Stockover Consultant in Linguistics Charles J. Fillmore Cocperating Teachers Sister Barbara Cleary, 0.S.F., St. Francis De Sales High School, Columbus, Ohio Sister Mary 3arrigan, O.P., St. Philip the Apostle Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Carol Ellen HaIerd, St. Mary Magdalene Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Sister Ann Msry Jurka, S.N.D., St. Aloysius Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Sister Mary Serap'ine Kuntz, S.N.D., St. Joseph Actleaemy, Columbus, Ohio Sister Helen Marks, O.P., Bishop Fenwick High School, Lancaster, Ohio Sister Mary Norbert McLaughlin, O.P., Christ the King Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Patrick J. Mooney, St. Timothy Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Sister Mildred Uhl, 0.P., St. Javea the Less Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Virginia Van Camp, St. Timothy Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Sister Barbara Wallace, O.S.F., St. Mary Magdalene Elementary School, Columbus, Ohio Secretary Perna Caekey iii TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Page INTRODUCTION 1 SECTION ONE. AN YAVESTIOATION OF TEE SEMANTICS OF ENGLISH SENTENCES AS A PROPOSED BASIS FOR LANGUAGE CURRICULUM MATERIALS by Thoras G. Shroyer 49 SECTION TWO. AN ANECDOTAL ACCOUNTOF A CLASSROOM INVESTIGATION OF THESEMANTICS OF ENGLISH SENTENCES by Barbara WallaceVan Horn 299 VOLUME II SECTION THREE. AESTHETIC THEORY AND LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION by Thomas G. Sbroyer 1 SECTION FOUR. INVESTIGATION OF SYNTACTIC-SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SELECTED WRITING OF STUDENTS IN GRADES 4-12 by William E. Craig 67 3 INTRODUCTION For the last several years curriculum development has proceeled under the banner of inquiry, a eomewhat mystical doctrine (1) which encourages the teacher to hide a well-known arewer in the soft core of an artifisial problem and beseech the student to discover it. When the student uncovers the answer, which he can do with some facility if the teacher asks the right questions, his reward lies in the rich experience of discovery, a vision of a piece of the structure of the discipline he is studying, as well as a good mark for his willingness to play the game enthusiastically. If the structure-discovery game is played in the world of grammatical systems, the student's reward may be an empty one, for he may have discovered a system, but the system may be quite unrevealing. If the game is ex- citing, as checkers and chess can be, at least for a while, the reward may be in the learning of the gaud. But is the game worth it? Is the structure empty?Is the activity relevant? By nature, curriculum developers tend to &trees the structure, talk about discovery, and neglect the student. It is no wonder that Robert Carlson and Janes Crow said in their review of the Project. Englith Curriculum Centers, The standard, recommended teaching strategy is the inductive method . which is whatever the writer wants it to be, no more and no less . Almost never does inductive teaching imply an open-ended and possibly uncertain conclusion that the student may reach. It is used rather to get tho student to arrive at a predetermined insight. (2, pp. 988, 990) We are talking about a developer -traps the pedagogue finds textbook material uneatiefactory; in the disguise of an innovator he becomes enamored of a new structure; with peda- gogical urgency he sets out to write a new textbook (called a package), rushes to the classroom, presents the new material in pieces (called problems), asks questions which are thinly disguised answers (called inquiry), and through the uro of sophisticated., or pseudo-sophistioated, statistical analysis demonstrates the pragmatic value of the package (called research). Unfortunately, in the words of Whitehead, "The advance which har started with the freshness of sunrise degenerates into a dull accumulation of minor feats of coordination," and the time has 1 4 cove again for a new package, a new sequence of "inquiry sessions," another run of the data, and "there is a new vision of the Great Beyond" (3, p. 79). Without question this process must proceed if advance is to take place, but if advance is to be educationally significant in any universal sense, new programs must not be frozen for public comsumption, but invented out of the stream of new knowledge by particular teachers and classes. A curriculum center will fail if it becomes a producer of frozen commodities, commercially prepared and distributed, for these products are textbooks, the content already obsolete, unusable in innovative settings. Inquiry is invention, not reconstruction; its rewards are mainly uncertain conclusions and the need to continue, rarely the clever discovery of a hidden fact; it is like a constantly changing four-dimensional puzzle, never a scavenger hunt. Does this mean that the curriculum development center must fail? That its products are frozen?That its task is ill- conce!ved? Perhaps, but there may be an alternative, which is to illustrate the process, to identify the continually changing stream of linguistic exploreion, to characterize the variety of classroom explorations, the successes, tint,.failures, the deadends, the breakthroughs--in short, a true account cf a continuing process. Let us try a definition: language curriculum development is the co 'itinuing exploration of tho heuristic possibilities of evolving linguistic structures.A meaningful report of these varied activities and changing perspectives must illustratl.vely describe the exploratory process one must engage in with children if he is to be a curriculum developer rather than a producer and distributor of frozen packages. At the risk of being inappro- preiately personal, I will try to give some account in the following pages of what it means to experience a process, be- ginning at a period which preceded the formal investigation of the effect of a study of transformational grammar on the writing of ninth and tenth gradors, proceeding through the early trans- formational period, to the current curriculum project, caking some care to identify the periods of acceptance an rejection and the activities that characterized thorn. This somewhat autobiographical account may serve as a map to guide one ::rough the varied accounts of structures and experiences that comprise the major sections of this report. 2 5. The Structural Period When one reflects on the history of a decade and tie frequent attacks on the old schoolbook grammar, it is shocking to discover that there are still classrooms around the country where students arc futilely attempting to learn the old defi- nitions and apply them to exercises in which the anmwers can only be uncovered by the student if he can discover the hidden agenda. For exarple, tie schoolbooks usually say that a noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. We might call this an ontological definition, which divides reality up into three categories: persons, places, and everything else, the last category sufficiently vague to render the definition uneless.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Humanoid Robot
    NAIN 1.0 – A HUMANOID ROBOT by Shivam Shukla (1406831124) Shubham Kumar (1406831131) Shashank Bhardwaj (1406831117) Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology Meerut, U.P. (India)-250005 May, 2018 NAIN 1.0 – HUMANOID ROBOT by Shivam Shukla (1406831124) Shubham Kumar (1406831131) Shashank Bhardwaj (1406831117) Submitted to the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow May, 2018 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Signature Signature Name: Mr. Shivam Shukla Name: Mr. Shashank Bhardwaj Roll No. 1406831124 Roll No. 1406831117 Date: Date: Signature Name: Mr. Shubham Kumar Roll No. 1406831131 Date: ii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Humanoid Robot” which is submitted by Shivam Shukla (1406831124), Shashank Bhardwaj (1406831117), Shubahm Kumar (1406831131) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Tech in Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering of Gautam Buddh Technical University (Formerly U.P. Technical University), is record of the candidate own work carried out by him under my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tip of a Hospitality Revolution (5:48 Mins) Listening Comprehension with Pre-Listening and Post-Listening Exercises Pre-List
    Listening comprehension worksheet by Carol Richards The tip of a hospitality revolution (5:48 mins) World and Press • 1st April issue 2021• page 10 page 1 of 8 Listening comprehension with pre-listening and post-listening exercises This worksheet and the original report are in American English. Pre-listening 1. Match the robot with its description. Write your answer on the lines below. a) iCub b) ASIMO c) welding robot d) Cheetah e) l’automa cavaliere f) TOPIO ____ automaton knight designed by Leonardo da Vinci in 1495; could be moved by using a system of cables and pulleys ____ built for artificial intelligence research; can learn from mistakes, crawl, walk; has basic cognitive skills ____ plays table tennis against human opponents ____ most often used in the automobile industry; can either be programmed to weld pre- chosen positions or use machine vision ____ four-legged military robot, can move at 28mph, jump over things, use climb stairs ____ could walk, recognize faces, respond to questions, and interact with people; first model built in 2000; also built to provide companionship; size: 4 feet, 3 inches (1.30 cm) © 2021 Carl Ed. Schünemann KG. All rights reserved. Copies of this material may only be produced by subscribers for use in their own lessons. The tip of a hospitality revolution World and Press • April 1 / 2021 • page 10 page 2 of 8 2. Vocabulary practice Match the terms on the left with their German meanings on the right. Write your answers in the grid below. a) billion A Abfindung b) competitive advantage B auf etw.
    [Show full text]
  • Martine Rothblatt
    For more information contact us on: North America 855.414.1034 International +1 646.307.5567 [email protected] Martine Rothblatt Topics Activism and Social Justice, Diversity and Inclusion, Health and Wellness, LGBTQIA+, Lifestyle, Science and Technology Travels From Maryland Bio Martine Rothblatt, Ph.D., MBA, J.D. is one of the most exciting and innovative voices in the world of business, technology, and medicine. She was named by Forbes as one of the "100 Greatest Living Business Minds of the past 100 years" and one of America's Self-Made Women of 2019. After graduating from UCLA with a law and MBA degree, Martine served as President & CEO of Dr. Gerard K. O’Neill’s satellite navigation company, Geostar. The satellite system she launched in 1986 continues to operate today, providing service to certain government agencies. She also created Sirius Satellite Radio in 1990, serving as its Chairman and CEO. In the years that followed, Martine Rothblatt’s daughter was diagnosed with life-threatening pulmonary hypertension. Determined to find a cure, she left the communications business and entered the world of medical biotechnology. She earned her Ph.D. in medical ethics at the Royal London College of Medicine & Dentistry and founded the United Therapeutics Corporation in 1996. The company focuses on the development and commercialization of page 1 / 4 For more information contact us on: North America 855.414.1034 International +1 646.307.5567 [email protected] biotechnology in order to address the unmet medical needs of patients with chronic and life-threatening conditions. Since then, she has become the highest-paid female CEO in America.
    [Show full text]
  • Cybernetic Human HRP-4C: a Humanoid Robot with Human-Like Proportions
    Cybernetic Human HRP-4C: A humanoid robot with human-like proportions Shuuji KAJITA, Kenji KANEKO, Fumio KANEIRO, Kensuke HARADA, Mitsuharu MORISAWA, Shin’ichiro NAKAOKA, Kanako MIURA, Kiyoshi FUJIWARA, Ee Sian NEO, Isao HARA, Kazuhito YOKOI, Hirohisa HIRUKAWA Abstract Cybernetic human HRP-4C is a humanoid robot whose body dimensions were designed to match the average Japanese young female. In this paper, we ex- plain the aim of the development, realization of human-like shape and dimensions, research to realize human-like motion and interactions using speech recognition. 1 Introduction Cybernetics studies the dynamics of information as a common principle of com- plex systems which have goals or purposes. The systems can be machines, animals or a social systems, therefore, cybernetics is multidiciplinary from its nature. Since Norbert Wiener advocated the concept in his book in 1948[1], the term has widely spreaded into academic and pop culture. At present, cybernetics has diverged into robotics, control theory, artificial intelligence and many other research fields, how- ever, the original unified concept has not yet lost its glory. Robotics is one of the biggest streams that branched out from cybernetics, and its goal is to create a useful system by combining mechanical devices with information technology. From a practical point of view, a robot does not have to be humanoid; nevertheless we believe the concept of cybernetics can justify the research of hu- manoid robots for it can be an effective hub of multidiciplinary research. WABOT-1,
    [Show full text]
  • History of Robotics: Timeline
    History of Robotics: Timeline This history of robotics is intertwined with the histories of technology, science and the basic principle of progress. Technology used in computing, electricity, even pneumatics and hydraulics can all be considered a part of the history of robotics. The timeline presented is therefore far from complete. Robotics currently represents one of mankind’s greatest accomplishments and is the single greatest attempt of mankind to produce an artificial, sentient being. It is only in recent years that manufacturers are making robotics increasingly available and attainable to the general public. The focus of this timeline is to provide the reader with a general overview of robotics (with a focus more on mobile robots) and to give an appreciation for the inventors and innovators in this field who have helped robotics to become what it is today. RobotShop Distribution Inc., 2008 www.robotshop.ca www.robotshop.us Greek Times Some historians affirm that Talos, a giant creature written about in ancient greek literature, was a creature (either a man or a bull) made of bronze, given by Zeus to Europa. [6] According to one version of the myths he was created in Sardinia by Hephaestus on Zeus' command, who gave him to the Cretan king Minos. In another version Talos came to Crete with Zeus to watch over his love Europa, and Minos received him as a gift from her. There are suppositions that his name Talos in the old Cretan language meant the "Sun" and that Zeus was known in Crete by the similar name of Zeus Tallaios.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of a Drone with a Robotic End-Effector
    Design of a Drone with a Robotic End-Effector Suhas Varadaramanujan, Sawan Sreenivasa, Praveen Pasupathy, Sukeerth Calastawad, Melissa Morris, Sabri Tosunoglu Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International University Miami, Florida 33174 [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT example, the widely-used predator drone for military purposes is the MQ-1 by General Atomics which is remote controlled, UAVs The concept presented involves a combination of a quadcopter typically fall into one of six functional categories (i.e. target and drone and an end-effector arm, which is designed with the decoy, reconnaissance, combat, logistics, R&D, civil and capability of lifting and picking fruits from an elevated position. commercial). The inspiration for this concept was obtained from the swarm robots which have an effector arm to pick small cubes, cans to even With the advent of aerial robotics technology, UAVs became more collecting experimental samples as in case of space exploration. sophisticated and led to development of quadcopters which gained The system as per preliminary analysis would contain two popularity as mini-helicopters. A quadcopter, also known as a physically separate components, but linked with a common quadrotor helicopter, is lifted by means of four rotors. In operation, algorithm which includes controlling of the drone’s positions along the quadcopters generally use two pairs of identical fixed pitched with the movement of the arm. propellers; two clockwise (CW) and two counterclockwise (CCW). They use independent variation of the speed of each rotor to achieve Keywords control.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory of Mind for a Humanoid Robot
    Theory of Mind for a Humanoid Robot Brian Scassellati MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab 545 Technology Square – Room 938 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA [email protected] http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/scaz/ Abstract. If we are to build human-like robots that can interact naturally with people, our robots must know not only about the properties of objects but also the properties of animate agents in the world. One of the fundamental social skills for humans is the attribution of beliefs, goals, and desires to other people. This set of skills has often been called a “theory of mind.” This paper presents the theories of Leslie [27] and Baron-Cohen [2] on the development of theory of mind in human children and discusses the potential application of both of these theories to building robots with similar capabilities. Initial implementation details and basic skills (such as finding faces and eyes and distinguishing animate from inanimate stimuli) are introduced. I further speculate on the usefulness of a robotic implementation in evaluating and comparing these two models. 1 Introduction Human social dynamics rely upon the ability to correctly attribute beliefs, goals, and percepts to other people. This set of metarepresentational abilities, which have been collectively called a “theory of mind” or the ability to “mentalize”, allows us to understand the actions and expressions of others within an intentional or goal-directed framework (what Dennett [15] has called the intentional stance). The recognition that other individuals have knowl- edge, perceptions, and intentions that differ from our own is a critical step in a child’s development and is believed to be instrumental in self-recognition, in providing a perceptual grounding during language learning, and possibly in the development of imaginative and creative play [9].
    [Show full text]
  • Surveillance Robot Controlled Using an Android App Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
    Surveillance Robot controlled using an Android app Project Report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering by Shaikh Shoeb Maroof Nasima (Roll No.12CO92) Ansari Asgar Ali Shamshul Haque Shakina (Roll No.12CO106) Khan Sufiyan Liyaqat Ali Kalimunnisa (Roll No.12CO81) Mir Ibrahim Salim Farzana (Roll No.12CO82) Supervisor Prof. Kalpana R. Bodke Co-Supervisor Prof. Amer Syed Department of Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus Plot No. 2 3, Sector -16, Near Thana Naka, Khanda Gaon, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai. 410206 Academic Year : 2014-2015 CERTIFICATE Department of Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus Khanda Gaon,New Panvel, Navi Mumbai. 410206 This is to certify that the project entitled “Surveillance Robot controlled using an Android app” is a bonafide work of Shaikh Shoeb Maroof Nasima (12CO92), Ansari Asgar Ali Shamshul Haque Shakina (12CO106), Khan Sufiyan Liyaqat Ali Kalimunnisa (12CO81), Mir Ibrahim Salim Farzana (12CO82) submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial ful- fillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of “Bachelor of Engineering” in De- partment of Computer Engineering. Prof. Kalpana R. Bodke Prof. Amer Syed Supervisor/Guide Co-Supervisor/Guide Prof. Tabrez Khan Dr. Abdul Razak Honnutagi Head of Department Director Project Approval for Bachelor of Engineering This project I entitled Surveillance robot controlled using an android application by Shaikh Shoeb Maroof Nasima, Ansari Asgar Ali Shamshul Haque Shakina, Mir Ibrahim Salim Farzana,Khan Sufiyan Liyaqat Ali Kalimunnisa is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Department of Computer Engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Technological Enhancement and Criminal Responsibility1
    THIS VERSION DOES NOT CONTAIN PAGE NUMBERS. PLEASE CONSULT THE PRINT OR ONLINE DATABASE VERSIONS FOR PROPER CITATION INFORMATION. ARTICLE HUMANS AND HUMANS+: TECHNOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY1 SUSAN W. BRENNER2 I. INTRODUCTION [G]radually, the truth dawned on me: that Man had not remained one species . .3 It has been approximately 30,000 years since our species—Homo sapiens sapiens—shared the earth with another member of the genus Homo.4 I note 1 It was only after I decided to use Humans+ as part of the title for this article that I discovered the very similar device used by the transhumanist organization, Humanity+. See Mission, HUMANITY PLUS, http://humanityplus.org/about/mission/ (last visited Feb. 25, 2013). 2 NCR Distinguished Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dayton School of Law, Dayton, Ohio, USA. Email: [email protected]. 3 H.G. WELLS, THE TIME MACHINE 59 (Frank D. McConnell ed. 1977). 4 See GRAHAM CONNAH, FORGOTTEN AFRICA: AN INTRODUCTION TO ITS ARCHAEOLOGY 7–16 (2004) (supporting emergence of genus Homo in Africa); CHRIS GOSDEN, PREHISTORY: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION xiv–xv, 39–42 (2003) (summarizing rise of Homo sapiens sapiens). “Taxonomy,” or “the study of classification,” involves the process of sorting plants and animals into categories, including species. STEPHEN JAY GOULD, EVER SINCE DARWIN: REFLECTIONS IN NATURAL HISTORY 231 (1977). The species Homo sapiens includes Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans) as well as several “archaic” members of the species. See, e.g., William Howells, Getting Here: The Story of Human Evolution 122– 23 (Washington, DC: Compass Press 1993). See also R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Assistive Humanoid Robot MARKO: Development of the Neck Mechanism
    MATEC Web of Conferences 121, 08005 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/ matecconf/201712108005 MSE 2017 Assistive humanoid robot MARKO: development of the neck mechanism Marko Penčić1,*, Maja Čavić1, Srđan Savić1, Milan Rackov1, Branislav Borovac1, and Zhenli Lu2 1Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, TrgDositejaObradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 2School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Changshu Institute of Technology, Hushan Road 99, 215500 Changshu, People's Republic of China Abstract.The paper presents the development of neck mechanism for humanoid robots. The research was conducted within the project which is developing a humanoid robot Marko that represents assistive apparatus in the physical therapy for children with cerebral palsy.There are two basic ways for the neck realization of the robots. The first is based on low backlash mechanisms that have high stiffness and the second one based on the viscoelastic elements having variable flexibility. We suggest low backlash differential gear mechanism that requires small actuators. Based on the kinematic-dynamic requirements a dynamic model of the robots upper body is formed. Dynamic simulation for several positions of the robot was performed and the driving torques of neck mechanism are determined.Realized neck has 2 DOFs and enables movements in the direction of flexion-extension 100°, rotation ±90° and the combination of these two movements. It consists of a differential mechanism with three spiral bevel gears of which the two are driving and are identical, and the third one which is driven gear to which the robot head is attached. Power transmission and motion from the actuators to the input links of the differential mechanism is realized with two parallel placed gear mechanisms that are identical.Neck mechanism has high carrying capacity and reliability, high efficiency, low backlash that provide high positioning accuracy and repeatability of movements, compact design and small mass and dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • HBS-1: a Modular Child-Size 3D Printed Humanoid
    robotics Article HBS-1: A Modular Child-Size 3D Printed Humanoid Lianjun Wu, Miles Larkin, Akshay Potnuru and Yonas Tadesse * Received: 6 November 2015; Accepted: 4 January 2016; Published: 13 January 2016 Academic Editor: Huosheng Hu Humanoid, Biorobotics and Smart Systems Laboratory (HBS Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 75080, USA; [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (A.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-972-883-4556; Fax: +1-972-883-4659 Abstract: An affordable, highly articulated, child-size humanoid robot could potentially be used for various purposes, widening the design space of humanoids for further study. Several findings indicated that normal children and children with autism interact well with humanoids. This paper presents a child-sized humanoid robot (HBS-1) intended primarily for children’s education and rehabilitation. The design approach is based on the design for manufacturing (DFM) and the design for assembly (DFA) philosophies to realize the robot fully using additive manufacturing. Most parts of the robot are fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using rapid prototyping technology. Servomotors and shape memory alloy actuators are used as actuating mechanisms. The mechanical design, analysis and characterization of the robot are presented in both theoretical and experimental frameworks. Keywords: humanoid; mechanical design; actuators; manufacturing; 3D printing 1. Introduction Humanoid robots have great potential for use in our daily life by accompanying or working together with people. Growing interest in humanoid robots has spurred a substantial increase in their development over the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Communicating Simulated Emotional States of Robots by Expressive Movements
    Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Sial, Sara Baber (2013) Communicating simulated emotional states of robots by expressive movements. Masters thesis, Middlesex University. [Thesis] Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/12312/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Middlesex University via the following email address: [email protected] The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated.
    [Show full text]