DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Bamboo, Rattan and Medicinal Plants in Mountain Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Bamboo, Rattan and Medicinal Plants in Mountain Development ARCHly KARKI e Role of Bamboo, no. 120683 n & Medicinal Plants pment Technica Tb Cti'i [4/TPI /3 4,PRCLfb. The Role of Bamboo, Rattan and Medicinal Plants in Mountain Development Proceedingsof a workshop held at the Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal 15-17 May 1996 Editors: Madhav Karki, A.N. Rao, V. Ramanatha Rao and J.T. Williams INBAR Technical Report No. 15 International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) International Development Research Centre (IDRC) © 1997 International Development Research Centre All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The presentation of material in this publication and in maps which appear herein does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of INBAR or IDRC concerning the legal status of any country, or the delineation of frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 81-86247-21-1 Design & production Christopher Samuel & VVT Communications Pvt. Ltd. It INBAR International Network for Bamboo and Rattan 17 Jor Bagh New Delhi 110 003 INDIA INBAR The International Networkfor Bambooand Rattan (INBAR) is a broad-based, multidisciplinary network that develops,provides and promotesappropriate technologies and other bamboo and rattan solutionsto benefit people and the environment. A world-wide network, it con- nects governmental and non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. INBAR pro- vides leadership,coordination and support for research and development. Programs cover natural and cultivated raw materials; genetic resources; processingand utilization; economic and other socialaspects; and supporting services. These programs aimto enhance the quality of life ofpoor and disadvantaged people in developingcountries and make favourable impacts on forests and degraded environments. IPGRI The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization operatingunder the aegis of the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI's mandateis to advancethe conservation and use ofplant genetic resources for thebenefit of present and future generations. IPGRIworks in partnership with other organizations, undertakingresearch, training and the provision of scientific and technicaladvice and information, and has a particularly strong programmelink with the Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations. Financial support for the researchagenda of IPGRI is providedby the Governments ofAustralia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China,Den- mark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republicof Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA, and by the Asian Development Bank, CTA, European Union, IDRC, IFAD, Inter- American Development Bank, UNDP and the World Bank. IPGRI's Plead Office is in Rome, with Regional Offices in Italy, Syria, Kenya,Colombia and Malaysia. The Regional Office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania(APO) is located in Serdang. UCIMOD Founded out of widespread recognition of degradation of mountainenvironments and the increasing povertyof mountain communities, ICIMOI) is concernedwith the search for more effective development responsesto promote the sustained well beingof mountain people. The Centre was establishedin 1983 and commencedprofessional activities in 1984. Thoughinter- national in its concerns, ICIMOD focusseson thespecific, complexand practical problemsof the HinduKush-Himalayan Region which covers all orpart ofeight Sovereign States. ICIMOD serves as a multidisciplinary documentationcentre on integrated mountaindevelopment; a focal point for the mobilisation, conduct, and coordination of applied and problem-solving research activities; a focal point for training onintegrated mountain development, with special emphasison the assessmentof training needs and the developmentof relevant training mate- rials based directly on fieldcase studies; and a consultative centreproviding expert services on mountaindevelopment and resourcemanagement. Contents FOREWORD Introduction 1 Inaugural Speech 3 Hon. Asst. Minister ofForest and Soil Conservation, His Majesty's Government ofNepal Background to the Workshop 6 MadhavKarki Thematic Papers 13 Sustainable utilization 15 Pitamber Sharma Gender and the environment 24 Vineeta Hoon Research and development 34 fT. Williams Sustainable management of MFP 45 N.K.Joshi Mountainbamboos and rattans 59 A.N. Rao, Abdou Salam Ouedraogo and V Ramanatha Rao Country Reports 77 Bangladesh 79 Priority bamboo research for denuded hills of Bangladesh and other high rainfall zones of South Asia R.L. Banik in China 87 Integrated approaches and existing policies for maintaining development in China with special reference to bamboo, rattan and medicinal plants hangZehui and CaiMantang. Indigenous management of bamboo 97 and rattan processes in the Chinese Himalayan mountains Pei Shengji Medicinal and aromatic plants in mountain 108 enterprise development in China Hu Zhi-hao India Endangered biodiversity of bamboo, 113 rattan and medicinal plants in Indiaii Himalaya SasBiswas, S. Chandra and S.S.Jain Economic and ecological rehabilitation 122 through sustainable commercialization of medicinal plants in the Indian Himalaya D.N. Tewari Nepal Resource management in mountain 131 development through farm forestry in Nepal PradeepDixit and Madhav Karki Bamboo production, use and trade 144 in eastern Nepal: a case study J.B.S.Karki and MadhavKarki Rattan in Nepal 156 Chhotelal Chaudharyand Shyam K. Paudel Medicinal and aromatic plants of Nepal 162 NirmalK. Bhattarai iv Status of commercialization of 174 medicinal and aromatic plants in Nepal Rana Bahadur Rau,al Medicinal plants, markets and margins: 189 implication for development in Nepal Himalaya CS. Olsen Pakistan 207 Medicinal plants of Pakistan Zahoor Abmad A note on bamboo in Pakistan 215 Zaboor Ahinad Thailand 216 Medicinal plants, bamboos and rattans in mountain development of Thailand Songkram Tharninincha,Bunvong Thaivtsaand Wanida Subansenee Working Group Recommendations 219 The Pokhara Declaration 228 List of Participants 230 V Foreword These proceedings of the workshop held 15-17 May, 1996 in Pokhara, Nepal focus on the roles of three important non-timber forest products—bamboo, rattan and medicinal plant—in the development of mountain areas of the Hindu Kush-Himalayaand beyond The workshop was sponsored by a group of international organizations involved with development, povertyalleviation and wise use of natural resources: the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) and the IDRC Medicinal Plants Network (IMPN) both hosted and headquarteredby the International Development Research Centre of Canada (IDRC); the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). The Institute of Forestry of Tribhuvan University in Pokhara readily consented to co-sponsor the workshop and hosted it. Bamboo, rattan and medicinal plants are renewable natural resources. While rattan is more abundant at lower altitudes, many high-value medicinal plants grow at colder and higher altitudes, and bamboo is common throughout the greater part of the Himalayas. In addition, all three groups of plants are often common property resources and are of direct practical use to rural communities, offering oppor- tunities forincome generation, particularlyfor landless rural households: Therefore, the scope of this workshop encompassed the whole range of ecological zones in the mountains and involved discussions on the environmental, socio-economic, and cultural value systems in integrated development with a specific focus on bamboo, rattan and medicinal plants. While we have some understanding of the present use of these keystone commodities, we also know that the increasing levels of exploitation are not sustainable and that rural communities benefit insufficiently from this exploitation. The workshop participants identified the policies and practices for improved management of these groups of plants that would contribute to environmental stability, conservation vii The Role of -Bamboo, Rattan and Medicinal Plants in Mountain Development of the resources and enhanced utilization for increased incomes and other benefits to the poor mountain households of this region. Innovative mechanisms for improved resource management, processing and trade are required to tap the full potential of these versatile plants. It was clear that much remains to be done in developing a more comprehensive knowledge base and strategic approachesfor not only sustainable but also more productive systems. We hope that the present document can play a role in further promoting collaboration and information exchange in the development of this group of plants. Cherla B. Sastry Egbert Pelinck Abdon Salam Ouedraogo Director INBAR Director General Senior Scientist Director IMPN ICIMOD Forest Genetic Resources IDRC, New Delhi Kathmandu IPGRI, Rome viii Introduction Proceedings INBAR/IPGRI/ICIMOD/IDRC Workshop Inaugural Speech Hon. Mohan BahadurKhat,i Asst.Minister of Forest andSoil Conservation, HisMajesty's Government ofNepal On behalfof His Majesty's Government of Nepal, I extend greetings
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Status of Research on Rattans: a Review
    http://sciencevision.info Sci Vis 10 (2), 51-56 Research Review April-June, 2010 ISSN 0975-6175 Status of research on rattans: a review Lalnuntluanga1*, L. K. Jha2 and H. Lalramnghinglova1 1 Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796009, India 1 Department of Environmental Science, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India Received 20 July 2010 | Accepted 28 July 2010 ABSTRACT Rattan forms one of the major biotic components in tropical and sub -tropical forest ecosys- tem. Contributions made by the researchers on the distribution, taxonomy and uses of rattan species in the world with special reference to India are reviewed here. Key words: Rattan; distribution; taxonomy; utilisation; N.E. states. INTRODUCTION Argentina, the Caribbean, Africa and South-East Asian regions. Rattan diversity is rich in Malay- The name ‘cane’ (rattan) stands collectively sia, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Bangladesh, for the climbing members of a big group of Sri Lanka, Myanmar and India. Rattan is of palms known as Lepidocaryoideae, fruit bearing great economic importance in handicraft and scales. Rattans/canes are prickly climbing palms furniture making because of its richness in fibre, with solid stems, belonging to the family Areca- with suitable toughness and easy for processing. ceae and the sub-family Calamoideae. They are The innumerable pinnate leaves, which extend scaly-fruited palms. The rattans/canes comprise up to two metres in length, with their mosaic more than fifty per cent of the total palm taxa arrangement play a major role in intercepting found in India.1 They are distributed throughout the splash effect of rains and improve the water South-East Asia, the Western Pacific and in the holding capacity of the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
    Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S.
    [Show full text]
  • ON TUE OCCURRENCE of WARTY STRUCTURES in RATTAN Jianhua Xu 1 & Walter Liese2
    IAWA Journal, Val. 20 (4),1999: 389-393 ON TUE OCCURRENCE OF WARTY STRUCTURES IN RATTAN by Jianhua Xu 1 & Walter Liese 2 SUMMARY A study on cellular details of rattan sterns by the resin casting method revealed the presence of wart-like structures as apposition on the cell wall of metaxylem vessels, protoxylem tracheids, fibres and also paren­ chyma. They were apparent for some species, but not observed in oth­ ers. Conventional SEM confirmed the presence of warts with a con­ siderable variation in occurrence. Therefore they have only limited taxonomic significance for the rattans. Key words: Warts, rattan, wood anatomy, resin casting method, scan­ ning electron microscopy. INTRODUCTION The occurrence ofwarty structures respectively vestures as an apposition on cell walls and pit chambers in tracheids, fibres and vessels of gymnosperms and angiosperms has been extensively reviewed by Jansen et al. (1998). In contrast, records for mono­ cotyledons are rare. In bamboo they were reported for Dendrocalamus (Liese 1957) and further investigated by Parameswaran and Liese (1977) in 34 species, of which about half exhibited wart-like structures in fibres, vessels and parenchyma cells. For pa1ms wart-1ike particles were identified in the parenchyma cells of Mauritiaflexuosa (Hong & Killmann 1992). Detailed investigations on the structure of numerous rattan palms did so far not reveal any such structures (Bhat et al. 1990, 1993, Weiner & Liese 1990; Weiner 1992). This lack of information does not necessarily indicate their absence, but may also be related to the material investigated. Warts are generally small particles on the tertiary wall/S3 layer. Their size for fibres and vessel members ofbamboo ranges between 150-300 nm.
    [Show full text]
  • Drepanostachyum Falcatum (Nees) Keng F
    10th World Bamboo Congress, Korea 2015 Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic relationship among accessions of Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f. from the Garhwal Himalayas Chandrakant Tiwari* and Meena Bakshi Plant Physiology Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006 (Uttarakhand), India Email: [email protected] * corresponding author Abstract:. This study assessed the genetic diversity of 10 accessions of Drepanostachyum falcatum collected from different localities in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India , in the Hill bamboo germplasm collectionin Khirsu , using isozyme markers with four enzyme system (peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme). Isozymatic analyses were performed with polyacrylamide gels (one system), bands were scored as binary data. Cluster analyses were conducted, using Jaccard´s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method. Very high degree of similarity was reported i.e. 63- 94% among different accessions. Dendrogram revealed two major clusters with three (A8- A10) and seven (A1- A7) accessions respectively. The results obtained suggested low genetic diversity in the species and urgent need of the in situ conservation of the natural genetic resources of the D. falcatum species. Key words: Genetic diversity; isozymes; polyacrylamide; Jaccard’s coefficient Introduction: Genetic conservation programmes are directed towards the long-term preservation of genetic resources either in situ or ex situ so that the potential for continuing evolution or improvement could be sustained. In situ conservation includes the organization and/ or servicing of natural supplies where species are permitted to stay in maximum environments with the lowest of management. On the other hand, ex situ conservation includes the use of botanic landscapes, field farms, seeds shops and gene banks and germplasm.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Potential of Wild Edible Plants of Arunachal Pradesh
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 5(4), October 2006, pp. 541-550 Status and potential of wild edible plants of Arunachal Pradesh A Angami, P R Gajurel, P Rethy*, B Singh & S K Kalita1 Department of Forestry, NERIST, Nirjuli 791109, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh; 1Department of Herbal Remedies and Cosmetology, Rajiv Gandhi Polytechnic, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] Received 30 March 2005; revised 19 December 2005 The consumption of wild plants is one of the strategies, adopted by the local people for sustenance, is intrinsically linked to their strong traditional & cultural system and is inseparable. The indigenous communities continuously include wild edibles to their daily food intake and sales from the surplus add to their income. Simultaneously, an emphasis on the sustainable harvesting of wild edible plants will help enhance and maintain the region’s biodiversity. As the local people are endowed with a vast knowledge concerning the utilization of wild plants, the paper focuses on their knowledge and illustrates the need to select local priority plant species with potential to become valuable staple foods and important alternatives to the usual cultivated agricultural crops. Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, Medicinal plants, Sustainable harvesting, Wild edible plants IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K36/00, A61P1/02, A61P1/10, A61P1/12, A61P1/14, A61P11/00, A61P11/10, A61P19/00, A61P19/02, A61P29/00 Use of large number of wild species by the tribals to contribution to the populations’ nutrition throughout meet their diverse requirements is largely due to the the year6-10. Although the principal role of these plants prevalence of diversity of vegetation in the area1.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Four Different Types of Calamus Species
    Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal Research Article Open Access In vitro anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of four different types of calamus species Abstract Volume 5 Issue 2 - 2017 Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic Sajan Das, Rumana Akhter, Sumaiya Huque, drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the present study, methanol, ethanol and chloroform leaf extract Rafi Anwar, Promit Das, Kaniz Afroz Tanni of Calamus guruba, Calamus viminalis, Calamus erectus and Calamus tenuis were and Mohammad Shahriar explored for anthelmintic activity at two concentrations (50 and 100mg/ml), using Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh adult earth worm Pheretima posthuma. All the leaf extracts of Calamus species tested Correspondence: Mohammad Shahriar, Department for the anthelmintic activity possess significant activity in a dose dependent manner of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh, Tel as compared to the albendazole. The overall findings of the present study have shown +881841844259, Email [email protected] that Calamus guruba, Calamus viminalis, Calamus erectus and Calamus tenuis contain possible anthelmintic compounds. Received: January 30, 2017 | Published: April 17, 2017 Keywords: Calamus guruba, Calamus viminalis, Calamus erectus, Calamus tenuis, Anthelmintic activity, Pheretima Posthuma, Albendazole, In vitro study, hookworm infestation, entrobiasis, filariasis, taeniasis; hydatidcyst, fluke infection, helminthiasis, wonder drug, niclosamide, oxyclozanide, bithionol Introduction viminalis is known as Khorkoijja bet in Bangladesh and is widely used as handicrafts and furniture material. Ripe fruit pulps are edible. This Infections caused by various species of parasitic worms plant has also been used in traditional medicine for treatment of dog (helminths) of the gastrointestinal tract are the most widespread of bite, urogenital and gynecological infection.6 The leaf extract of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Bamboo Records (Public Information)
    Status Date Accession Number Names::PlantName Names::CommonName Names::Synonym Names::Family No. Remaining Garden Area ###########2012.0256P Sirochloa parvifolia Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########1989.0217P Thamnocalamus tessellatus mountain BamBoo; "BergBamBoes" in South Africa Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########2000.0025P Aulonemia fulgor Poaceae BamBoo Garden ###########1983.0072P BamBusa Beecheyana Beechy BamBoo Sinocalamus Beechyana Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.1070P BamBusa Burmanica Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0144P BamBusa chungii White BamBoo, Tropical Blue BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2007.0019P BamBusa chungii var. BarBelatta BarBie BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0471P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 2 BamBoo Garden ###########2001.0163D BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2012.0069P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0079P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0084P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2000.0297P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Silverstripe' Blowpipe BamBoo 'Silverstripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0090P BamBusa emeiensis 'Flavidovirens' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2011.0124P BamBusa emeiensis 'Viridiflavus' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1997.0152P BamBusa eutuldoides Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.0158P BamBusa eutuldoides
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Calamus Erectus in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2013, 3(1):47-53 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Calamus erectus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Mitali Ghosal and Palash Mandal* Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734 013. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The present study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of Calamus erectus (CE) fruit in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic wistar rat. The fruit extracts of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) were administrated orally to normal and STZ induced (55 mg/kg bw) diabetic (>200 mg/dl) rats. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) were used as a reference drug. Antioxidant effects were assayed in diabetic rats by estimating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. Daily oral treatment with 400 mg/kg fruit extract for 14 days resulted in 73.68, 20.46, 36.6 and 43.9% reduction of blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) respectively whereas HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol was found to be improved 12.7% when compared with STZ treated rats. GSH, SOD and CAT activity of liver homogenate was improved 33.46, 49.36 and 52.48% respectively while the TBARS decreased 36.18% with same treatment. Decreased levels of TBARS and increase of GSH, SOD and CAT activity indicated a reduction in free radical formation in liver of diabetic rats. The present study demonstrated that CE fruit extract possess good antidiabetic potential and could improve lipid profile and oxidative stress efficiently during diabetic condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Rattan Field Guide Change Style-Edit Last New:Layout 1.Qxd
    Contents Page Foreword Acknowledgement 1- Introduction . .1 2- How to use this book . 1 3- Rattan in Cambodia . .1 4- Use . .2 5- Rattan ecology and habitat . 2 6- Rattan characters . 3 6.1 Habit . 4 6.2 Stem/can . .4 6.3 Leaf Sheath . .4 6.4 Leave and leaflet . 6 6.5 Climbing organ . .8 6.6 Inflorescence . .9 6.7 Flower . .10 6.8 Fruit . .11 7- Specimen collection . .12 7.1 Collection method . 12 7.2 Field record . .13 7.3 Maintenance and drying . 13 8- Local names . .14 9- Key Identification to rattan genera . 17 9.1 Calamus L. .18 9.2 Daemonorops Bl. 44 9.3 Korthalsia Bl. 48 9.4 Myrialepis Becc. 52 9.5 Plectocomia Mart. ex Bl. 56 9.6 Plectocomiopsis Becc. 62 Table: Species list of Cambodia Rattan and a summary of abundance and distribution . .15 Glossary . 66 Reference . 67 List of rattan species . .68 Specimen references . .68 FOREWORD Rattan counts as one of the most important non-timber forest products that contribute to livelihoods as source of incomes and food and also to national economy with handicraft and furniture industry. In Cambodia, 18 species have been recorded so far and most of them are daily used by local communities and supplying the rattan industry. Meanwhile, with rattan resources decreasing due to over-harvesting and loss of forest ecosystem there is an urgent need to stop this trend and find ways to conserve this biodiversity that play an important economic role for the country. This manual is one step towards sustainable rattan management as it allows to show/display the diversity of rattan and its contribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Bamboos in Manual of Afforestation in Nepal
    MANUAL OF AFFORESTATION IN NEPAL J. K. Jackson Silviculturist, Forestry Research Project with sections on Bamboos by C.M.A. Stapleton and Daphne by J.—P. Jeanrenaud Nepal-United Kingdom Forestry Research Project Forest Survey and Research Office Department of Forest Kathmandu, Nepal 1987 Bamboos Gramineae by C.M.A. Stapleton Occurrence and importance Until recently little was known about the identity, distribution, and uses in Nepal of the different species of bamboo. The standard reference, Gamble (1896), is not at all adequate for identification purposes in Nepal, and the herbarium specimens available are not well determined. This is understandab1e as Nepal has not been adequately covered by bamboo taxonomists in the past, and also as accurate identification of bamboo specimens requires both flowers and vegetative material. As most bamboos do not flower frequently and many species drop all their leaves and culm sheaths when they do flower, these are not usually available together, so that specimens are fragmentary. A few publications have named species from Nepal, but these have often been more guesswork than accurate identification. However, Seeland (1980) studied the names and uses of the seven bamboo species known near a village in east Nepal and successfully identified the five most important. Acharya (1975) wrote a sensible feasibility study of bamboo as the basis of cottage industry expansion in central Nepal without attempting specific identification. He used the three categories into which bamboo species are most commonly grouped in Nepali: bans, nigalo, and malingo. These three groups probably constituted a more rational taxonomy at that time than the official genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Pdf of Bamboos of Nepal
    AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE Chris Stapleton Illustrations of the genera and species, with notes on identification, distribution, utilisation, and propagation BAMBOOS OF NEPAL: AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE Chris Stapleton Forestry Department, University of Aberdeen Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in association with Forestry Research and Information Centre Department of Forestry and Plant Research His Majesty’ s Government of Nepal Kathmandu Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on behalf of The Overseas Development Administration, London Forestry Research Programme, University of Oxford Published by The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew for The OverseasDevelopment Administrationof the BritishGovernment ForestryResearch Programme Universityof Oxford, Halifax House, 6 South Parks,Road, Oxford OX1 3UB All rights reserved.This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted,in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout written permission from the copyright holders. Firstpublished 1994 Design, illustrations,and layout by the author, Cover by Media Resources, RBG Kew, Research for this guide and its production were funded by the OverseasDevelopment Administration,under research grantsR4195 and R4849. Field work was implemented by the ForestryDepartment of Aberdeen Universityin conjunction with the Department of Forestryand Plant Research of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal. Illustrationsand camera-readycopy were produced at the Royal Botanic
    [Show full text]
  • THE BAMBOOS of NEPAL and BHUTAN PART III: Drepanostachyum, Himalayacalamus, Ampelocalamus, Neomicrocalamus and Chimonobambusa (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae)
    EDINB. J. BOT. 51(3): 301–330 (1994) THE BAMBOOS OF NEPAL AND BHUTAN PART III: Drepanostachyum, Himalayacalamus, Ampelocalamus, Neomicrocalamus and Chimonobambusa (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae) C. M. A. S TAPLETON * This paper completes the systematic treatment of the bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan, covering five genera from subtropical to lower temperate zones. Three further genera from the subtribe Arundinariinae Bentham are included: Drepanostachyum Keng f., Himalayacalamus Keng f., and Ampelocalamus Chen, Wen & Sheng . They have semelauctant ebracteate inflorescences, pachymorph rhizomes, and 3 stamens. Neomicrocalamus Keng f. has semel- auctant bracteate inflorescences and 6 stamens, and is in the new subtribe described here, Racemobambosinae. Chimonobambusa Makino has bracteate inflorescences and 3 stamens and is the only Himalayan genus in the subtribe Shibataeinae (Nakai) Soderstrom & Ellis. A new Drepanostachyum species from Bhutan is described as D. annulatum. Himalayacalamus , which was originally described as a monotypic genus, is enlarged by the description of five new species, H. asper , H. brevinodus , H. cupreus , H. fimbriatus , and H. porcatus , all from Nepal. A Himalayan representative of the genus Ampelocalamus , A. patellaris , is transferred from Dendrocalamus. Neomicrocalamus andro- pogonifolius from eastern Bhutan is transferred from Bambusa . STATUS AND S EPARATION OF THE G ENERA These genera have all been considered to be part of Arundinaria Michaux at one time. The type species of the genera Drepanostachyum Keng f. , Ampelocalamus Chen, Wen & Sheng, Neomicrocalamus Keng f., and Chimonobambusa Makino were originally described as species of Arundinaria Michaux, while the type species of Himalayacalamus was initially described as a species of Thamnocalamus Munro, before being transferred into Arundinaria .
    [Show full text]