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Carotae-Crepidetum Rhoeadifoliae Hejný Et Grüll in Hejný Et Al

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Carotae-Crepidetum Rhoeadifoliae Hejný Et Grüll in Hejný Et Al Cent. Eur. J. Biol. • 8(8) • 2013 • 799-812 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0185-2 Central European Journal of Biology The role of rock mining for maintaining Dauco carotae-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae Hejný et Grüll in Hejný et al. 1979 – a new to Poland plant association Research Article Sylwia Nowak, Arkadiusz Nowak* Department of Biosystematics, Laboratory of Geobotany & Plant Conservation, Opole University, 45-052 Opole, Poland Received 03 December 2012; Accepted 20 March 2013 Abstract: This work presents the Dauco carotae-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae plant association, which is new to Poland. The association has been observed in industrial reclamation areas in the vicinity of carbonate mineral excavation sites in the central part of the Opole region. In the vast majority of cases, plots of this association developed in reclaimed areas. The majority of diagnostic species for the association was found within surveyed plots, including Verbascum thapsus, V. densiflorum and Bryum argenteum. Taxa characteristic of the alliance were also constantly present, i.e. Daucus carota, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis, Echium vulgare and Erysimum hieracifolium. This association belongs to the rarest syntaxa in Poland included in the Dauco-Melilotion alliance of ruderal communities with a predominance of hemicryptophytes, therophytes and perennials. The main diagnostic species - Crepis rhoeadifolia, belongs to very rare elements of Polish flora. It has been observed only in the southern part of the country in approx. 20 sites. Crepis rhoeadifolia had not been observed in Silesia for approx. 40 years, which is why it was considered to be an extinct taxon in this region. Rediscovering of the species allowed for diagnosing the Dauco-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae association. This association is an example of a pioneer phytocenosis of, most likely, anthropogenic origin in Silesia. Keywords: Crepis foetida • Asteraceae • Plant community • Rare species • Vegetation ecology • Opole Silesia • SW Poland © Versita Sp. z o.o. 1. Introduction Mineral excavations, both disused and currently exploited ones, are convenient habitats for numerous 1.1 Mineral excavations and post-mining plant species [e.g. 3,4]. Quarry flora and vegetation reclamation areas as a focal point of was researched in the United States, [5,6] showing, floristic studies among others, a range of rare and vanishing species The Silesian region is of exceptional importance (=sozophytes sensu Nowak A. [7]) at national scale. In for rock mining. This is caused by a variety of rock Germany, rare and receding species were observed in masses of differing age presenting nearly the entire quarries by Mückschel [8] and other authors. In Silesia, history of the Earth’s crust development from the research concerning mineral excavations has been Precambrian Era. In the vast majority of cases, rock conducted with moderate intensity. Such research materials are excavated by means of strip mining. was performed by Stojanowska [9], Badora et al. [10], The so-called Opole District of Carbonate Mineral Kompała-Bąba & Błońska [11], as well as by Nowak A. Excavation established in 1976 is an example of [12,13] and Kasowska [14,15] and others. intensive excavation of carbonate minerals, leaving behind numerous strip excavation sites [1] and is 1.2 Crepis rhoeadifolia M. Bieb. [=Crepis based on Triassic and Cretaceous formations. The foetida L. subsp. rhoeadifolia (M. Bieb.) district includes 16 geologically documented deposits Čelak] in Poland with several dozen quarries, out of which approx. 70% Crepis rhoeadifolia is easy to distinguish from other are now disused [2]. species of its genus. It has outer involucral bracts * E-mail: [email protected] 799 The role of rock mining for maintaining Dauco carotae-Crepidetum rhoeadifoliae Hejný et Grüll in Hejný et al. 1979 – a new to Poland plant association between 1-1.5 mm wide and lanceolate, c. 2/3 as long as 1999); Kaliszany - quarry (Kucharczyk M. 1997), doubtful inner, with mostly or entirely glandular hairs. Receptacle site; FE50: (Piotrowski K. 1897), doubtful site; FE52: without scales. Marginal achenes 5-7 mm, the inner Dorotka (Kucharczyk M. 1997); Sulejów (Kucharczyk 12-16 mm with long beak. The plant is 20-50 cm high M. 1997), doubtful site; FE62: Nowe (Kucharczyk M. with a rhizome and a very unpleasant smell. The stalk is 1997); Biedrzychów (Kucharczyk M. 1996), doubtful branched, with leaves, covered with rigid glandular hairs site; FE71: Ożarów (Piotrowski K. 1897), doubtful at the top, together with petioles and petiole covers. The site; FE73: Opoczka Mała (Kucharczyk M. 1996); pappus strongly protrudes from the cover. It blossoms in Opoka (Kucharczyk M. 1999); Nowiny (Kucharczyk July and in August [16,17]. Dry grasslands and slopes in M. 1997); Piotrowice (Kucharczyk M. 1996), doubtful eastern Poland are the habitat of Crepis rhoeadifolia. It is site; GD00: Mielnik at Bug river (Sychowa M. 1972); mostly included in communities of the Dauco-Melilotion GE36: Dorohusk by Chełm (Fijałkowski D. 1968, LBL); alliance which is abundant in the Dauco-Crepidetum GE52: Krasnystaw (Fijałkowski D. 1970); GE62: Izbica rhoeadifoliae, as well as in Sisymbrio and found, usually (Fijałkowski D. 1951); GE78: Czumów by Hrubieszów in limestone and warm areas [18,19]. (Fijałkowski DE. 1958); GF01: Florianka by Zwierzyniec Crepis rhoeadifolia M. Bieb. belongs to the (Fijałkowski D. 1965, LBL); GF05: Grodek (Fijałkowski Astraceae family and represents the Pontic-Pannonian D. 1970); GF11: Józefów (Fijałkowski D. 1956, LBL); sub-element in Poland [20]. The general distribution Górecko Kościelne (Fijałkowski D. 1958, LBL); GF12: of this taxon encompasses the area of South-Eastern Hamernia (Fijałkowski D. 1958). Europe (from South-Eastern Russia to the Balkans) and extends to the west across the Danube area, Karynthia, 1.4 Distribution of historical and current sites South-East Styria to Upper Austria, the Czech Republic in the Opole Province and Silesia. Further to the north, only anthropogenic In Opole Silesia, Crepis rhoeadifolia was observed sites are known. Outside Europe, Crepis rhoeadifolia very rarely in disused quarries, rendzina fields, in occurs in the Caucasus, South Caucasus, Asia Minor, roadside areas, in the vicinity of limestone quarries North Persia and Syria, over to the Black Sea coast, near Gogolin [25,26], near Górażdże [26], in Kamień Anatolia and the Caspian Sea [19,21-23]. Śl. and in Tarnów Opolski [26-29]. After the year 1945, In Poland, the species was very rarely observed in the taxon was observed only in 1969 in old quarries in western Volhynia, in the Lublin region, the Małopolska Szymiszów and Gogolin [30]. As no information had Upland, Opole and Cieszyn Silesia. The north-western been available about the occurrence of this species in limits of the species’ range are situated in Poland Silesia for over 40 years, it was considered to be extinct [17,24]. According to the database of vascular plant in the region [31]. The plant is regarded vulnerable in distribution in Poland, Crepis rhoeadifolia occupies 23 the Czech Republic [32]. In Germany, it is considered as squares of the size of 10x10 km, while 16 occurrences an extinct species in Saxony and vulnerable in Bavaria are regarded as certain sites, and only 14 sites are and Baden-Würtenberg [33]. In the year 2012, Crepis regarded as natural countrywide. rhoeadifolia was rediscovered south of Nakło (CF06), between Nakło and Otmice (CF06), in Tarnów Opolski 1.3 List of Crepis rhoeadifolia sites in Poland (CF06), west of Kamionek (CF16) and in Górażdże according to the ATPOL data base known (CF16; Figure 1). till 2000 CF06: Tarnów Opolski (Michalak S. 1965); CF16: Gogolin (Kobierski L. 1974); CF17: Szymiszów 2. Experimental Procedures (Kobierski L. 1974); DC73: Kulin by Włocławek, doubtful site (Kobendza R, 1918); FD09: Rozwadów-Sarnaki Field studies were conducted on the potential (Głowacki Z. 1985); FE13: Puławy (Siemionow A. 1887, occuppancy area of Crepis rhoeadifolia in Silesia, LBL; Berdau F. year not known, LBL); FE23: Kazimierz mainly within the limestone outcrops in central part of (Fijałkowski D. 1959); Męćmierz (Kucharczyk M. 1996); Opole Silesia, including natural and man-made habitats. Podgórz (Przychodzeń 1979, LBL; Kucharczyk M. 1984), Altogether 21 limestone excavation were investigated Podgórz (Kucharczyk M. 1996); Dobre (Fijałkowski D. within the area delimited by Opole, Krapkowice, Gogolin, 1959, 1961, LBL; Kucharczyk M. 1984, 1985); FE28: Góra św. Anny, Strzelce Opolskie and Izbicko (Table 1). Długie by Lublin, (Fijałkowski D. 1948, 1949, LBL); Sites were studied with respect to habitat conditions and Rudnik by Lublin (Izdebski K. 1957, LBL; Fijałkowski species composition of vegetation patches. The plot D. 1968); FE42: Podole (Kucharczyk M. 1997); Raj size used to sample vegetation was set in such a way (Kucharczyk M. 1999); Raj–Sadłowice I (Kucharczyk M. as to represent full floristic composition. It varied from 20 800 S. Nowak, A. Nowak Figure 1. Distribution of Crepis rhoeadifolia M. Bieb. in Poland. to 25 m2 depending on plant density and homogeneity including 24 plots of Dauco-Crepidetum from Czech of vegetation cover. For each vegetation plot all vascular republic (Figure 2). To find differences between the plants were recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet vegetation patches, all relevés were analyzed using the cover-abundance scale. The 7-degree scale was used detrended correspondence (DCA) functions of the Canoco [34]. Syntaxa were classified according to Chytrý [35] software
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