Responses of Soil Microorganisms to Land Use in Different Soil Types Along the Soil Profiles
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 187 Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys Vedran RUBINIĆ ( ) Stjepan HUSNJAK Summary Pseudogleys (Stagnosols according to WRB-2014) represent the second most widespread soil type in Croatia, developed almost exclusively in its Pannonian region. Although most Croatian Pseudogleys are found on agricultural land or in agro- ecosystems, they usually have numerous constraints for agricultural production. Primarily, this is due to their unfavorable water/air regime (precipitation water periodically stagnates on/in the poorly permeable subsoil horizon). Th e aim of this study was to determine which signifi cant diff erences in physical properties and humus content exist between the eluvial horizon (Eg) and the illuvial horizon (Btg) in Croatian Pseudogleys. Total of 33 Pseudogley profi les were investigated at 11 forest sites across the Pannonian region of Croatia. Properties of Eg horizon signifi cantly diff ered from the properties of Btg horizon. Compared with the Eg horizon, the Btg horizon had more clay, higher bulk density, less pores, and lower capacity for air. However, the stability of microaggregates was higher in the Btg horizon than in the Eg horizon. Contents of clay and humus have the key impact on most soil physical properties. Th ese results should be borne in mind, both when converting natural Pseudogleys into arable soils and when ameliorating arable Pseudogleys that contain the Eg horizon below the Ap horizon. Key words stagnosols, Pannonian region of Croatia, forest soils, soil physical properties, humus University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 4, 2016 | Accepted: November 17, 2016 Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus . -
The Soil Map of the Flemish Region Converted to the 3 Edition of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources
Ontwikkelen en toepassen van een methodiek voor de vertaling van de Belgische bodemclassificatie van de kustpolders naar het internationale WRB systeem en generaliseren van de WRB-bodemkaart voor gans Vlaanderen naar het 1 : 250 000 schaalniveau The soil map of the Flemish region converted to the 3 rd edition of the World Reference Base for soil resources Stefaan Dondeyne, Laura Vanierschot, Roger Langohr Eric Van Ranst and Jozef Deckers Oct. 2014 Opdracht van de Vlaamse Overheid Bestek nr. BOD/STUD/2013/01 Contents Contents............................................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgement ...........................................................................................................................................5 Abstract............................................................................................................................................................7 Samenvatting ...................................................................................................................................................9 1. Background and objectives.......................................................................................................................11 2. The soil map of Belgium............................................................................................................................12 2.1 The soil survey project..........................................................................................................................12 -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR)
The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 1 Draft, Nov. 2007 The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e. V., Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Objectives 4 2. Concept 5 3. Procedure and scoring tables 7 3.1. Field procedure 7 3.2. Scoring of basic indicators 10 3.2.0. What are basic indicators? 10 3.2.1. Soil substrate 12 3.2.2. Depth of A horizon or depth of humic soil 14 3.2.3. Topsoil structure 15 3.2.4. Subsoil compaction 17 3.2.5. Rooting depth and depth of biological activity 19 3.2.6. -
Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils with Stagnic Conditions
Article Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils with Stagnic Conditions Stefan Julich 1,* , Janis Kreiselmeier 1,2,3 , Simon Scheibler 1, Rainer Petzold 4, Kai Schwärzel 2,3 and Karl-Heinz Feger 1 1 Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (K.-H.F.) 2 Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES), United Nations University, 01067 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] 3 Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany 4 Centre of Excellence for Wood and Forestry, Public Enterprise Sachsenforst, 01796 Pirna, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Tree species, e.g., shallow vs. deep rooting tree species, have a distinct impact on hydrolog- ical properties and pore size distribution of soils. In our study, we determined the soil hydrologic properties and pore size distribution at three forest stands and one pasture as reference on soils with stagnant water conditions. All sites are located in the Wermsdorf Forest, where historical studies have demonstrated severe silvicultural problems associated with stagnant water in the soil. The studied stands represent different stages of forest management with a young 25-year-old oak (Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) and Red oak (Q. robur)) plantation, a 170-year-old oak stand and a 95-year-old Norway Spruce (Picea abies) stand in second rotation. We determined the infiltration rates under saturated and near-saturated conditions with a hood-infiltrometer at the topsoil as well as the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention characteristic from undisturbed soil samples taken from the surface and 30 cm depth. -
Annex: Soil Groups, Characteristics, Distribution and Ecosystem Services
Status of the World’s Main Report Soil Resources Annex Soil groups, characteristics, distribution and ecosystem services © FAO | Giuseppe Bizzarri © FAO INTERGOVERNMENTAL TECHNICAL PANEL ON SOILS Disclaimer and copyright Recommended citation: FAO and ITPS. 2015. Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) – Main Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109004-6 © FAO, 2015 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. -
Assessment of Soil Degradation by Erosion Based on Analysis of Soil Properties Using Aerial Hyperspectral Images and Ancillary Data, Czech Republic
Article Assessment of Soil Degradation by Erosion Based on Analysis of Soil Properties Using Aerial Hyperspectral Images and Ancillary Data, Czech Republic Daniel Žížala 1,2,*, Tereza Zádorová 2 and Jiří Kapička 1 1 Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Žabovřeská 250, Prague CZ 156 27, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 29, Prague CZ 165 00, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +42-02-5702-7232 Academic Editors: José A.M. Demattê, Clement Atzberger and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 28 October 2016; Accepted: 28 December 2016; Published: 1 January 2017 Abstract: The assessment of the soil redistribution and real long-term soil degradation due to erosion on agriculture land is still insufficient in spite of being essential for soil conservation policy. Imaging spectroscopy has been recognized as a suitable tool for soil erosion assessment in recent years. In our study, we bring an approach for assessment of soil degradation by erosion by means of determining soil erosion classes representing soils differently influenced by erosion impact. The adopted methods include extensive field sampling, laboratory analysis, predictive modelling of selected soil surface properties using aerial hyperspectral data and the digital elevation model and fuzzy classification. Different multivariate regression techniques (Partial Least Square, Support Vector Machine, Random forest and Artificial neural network) were applied in the predictive modelling of soil properties. The properties with satisfying performance (R2 > 0.5) were used as input data in erosion classes determination by fuzzy C-means classification method. -
Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys
ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 187 Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys Vedran RUBINIĆ ( ) Stjepan HUSNJAK Summary Pseudogleys (Stagnosols according to WRB-2014) represent the second most widespread soil type in Croatia, developed almost exclusively in its Pannonian region. Although most Croatian Pseudogleys are found on agricultural land or in agro- ecosystems, they usually have numerous constraints for agricultural production. Primarily, this is due to their unfavorable water/air regime (precipitation water periodically stagnates on/in the poorly permeable subsoil horizon). Th e aim of this study was to determine which signifi cant diff erences in physical properties and humus content exist between the eluvial horizon (Eg) and the illuvial horizon (Btg) in Croatian Pseudogleys. Total of 33 Pseudogley profi les were investigated at 11 forest sites across the Pannonian region of Croatia. Properties of Eg horizon signifi cantly diff ered from the properties of Btg horizon. Compared with the Eg horizon, the Btg horizon had more clay, higher bulk density, less pores, and lower capacity for air. However, the stability of microaggregates was higher in the Btg horizon than in the Eg horizon. Contents of clay and humus have the key impact on most soil physical properties. Th ese results should be borne in mind, both when converting natural Pseudogleys into arable soils and when ameliorating arable Pseudogleys that contain the Eg horizon below the Ap horizon. Key words stagnosols, Pannonian region of Croatia, forest soils, soil physical properties, humus University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 4, 2016 | Accepted: November 17, 2016 Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus . -
Fsbdev2 034643.Pdf
Blank Back Page International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics: Land Use, Management and Global Change July 6‐9, 2009 Cheyenne Mountain Conference Center Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA Organizing Committee Keith Paustian – Colorado State University (Chair) M. Francesca Cotrufo – Colorado State University (Vice‐Chair) Richard Conant – Colorado State University Ronald Follett – USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins Eugene Kelly – Colorado State University Maurice Mausbach – USDA/Natural Resource Conservation Service (retired) Stephen Ogle – Colorado State University Eldor Paul – Colorado State University Gary Peterson – Colorado State University Michael Ryan – US Forest Service, Fort Collins Scientific Committee Olof Andrén – Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Carlos E.P. Cerri – University of Sao Paolo, Brazil Abad Chabbi – INRA‐UEFE, France Jorge Etchevers – Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico Paul Fixen – International Plant Nutrition Institute Jürg Fuhrer – ART, Zurich, Switzerland Peter Grace – Queensland University of Technology, Australia Georg Guggenberger – Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Henry Janzen – Agriculture and Agrifood Canada Miko Kirschbaum – Landcare Research, New Zealand Rattan Lal – Ohio State University, USA Johannes Lehmann – Cornell University, USA Roel Merckx – Belgium Genxing Pan – Nanjing University, China Phil Sollins – Oregon State University, USA Conference Sponsors 25×’25 Carbon Management Center, Colorado Clean Energy Collaboratory Chicago Climate Exchange College -
Effects of Soil Erosion by Water Under Different Tillage Treatments on Distribution of Soil Chemical Parameters
Original Paper Soil & Water Res., 13, 2018 (1): 36–43 doi: 10.17221/25/2017-SWR Effects of Soil Erosion by Water under Different Tillage Treatments on Distribution of Soil Chemical Parameters Ivica KISIC, Igor BOGUNOVIC*, Zeljka ZGORELEC and Darija BILANDZIJA Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Kisic I., Bogunovic I., Zgorelec Z., Bilandzija D. (2018): Effects of soil erosion by water under different tillage treat- ments on distribution of soil chemical parameters. Soil & Water Res., 13: 36−43. Soil losses by water erosion were studied under six different tillage treatments, which differ in depth and direction of tillage and planting during a twenty-year period (1995–2014) on Stagnosols in central lowland Croatia. Studied tillage treatments were: control plot (bare fallow-BF), ploughing up and down the slope to 30 cm (PUDS), no- tillage (NT), ploughing across the slope to 30 cm (PAS), very deep ploughing across the slope to 50 cm (VDPAS), and subsoiling to 50 cm + ploughing to 30 cm across the slope (SSPAS). The paper presents the following chemi- cal parameters: soil pH, soil organic matter (OM), plant available phosphorus (P-P2O5), plant available potassium (K-K2O), total carbon content (Ctot), total nitrogen content (Ntot) and CN ratio of non-eroded soil and soil loss from studied treatments. All soil sediments had significantly higher content of the studied parameters compared to non-eroded soil. The overall respective levels of OM, Ctot, Ntot, P-P2O5 and K-K2O loss by eroded soil were as follows: 0.86 (NT) − 10.86 (BF) t/ha, 0.10 (SSPAS) – 2.60 (BF) t/ha, 0.015 (SSPAS) – 0.392 (BF) t/ha, 0.012 (NT) − 0.173 (BF) t/ha and 0.017 (SSPAS) − 0.158 (BF) t/ha. -
Adsorption of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Soils
IINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALL AAgggrrroooppphhhyyysssiiicccss www.international-agrophysics.org Int. Agrophys., 2013, 27, 203-209 doi: 10.2478/v10247-012-0086-7 Adsorption of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soils N. Rampazzo*, G. Rampazzo Todorovic, A. Mentler, and W.E.H. Blum Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria Received February 15, 2012; accepted October 26, 2012 A b s t r a c t. The results showed that glyphosate is initially Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the active adsorbed mostly in the upper 2 cm. It is than transported and ad- compound in Roundup Max, a post-emergency non-selec- sorbed after few days in deeper soil horizons with concomitant tive broad spectrum herbicide widely applied in agricultural increasing content of its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid. practice. Glyphosate itself is an acid, but it is commonly Moreover, Fe-oxides seem to be a key parameter for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic adsorption in soils. This study con- used as a salt, most commonly as isopropylammoniumsalt. firmed previous studies: the analysis showed lower contents of The persistence is typically up to 170 days, with a half- dithionite-soluble and Fe-oxides for the Chernozem, with con- life time of 45-60 days (Peruzzo et al., 2008). Some studies sequently lower adsorption of glyphosate and aminomethylphos- however, show a half-life time of years. The major degrada- phonic as compared with the Cambisol and the Stagnosol. tion product of glyphosate is aminomethylphosphonic acid K e y w o r d s: adsorption, glyphosate, aminomethylphospho- (AMPA), (Gimsing et al., 2004; Locke and Zablotowicz, nic acid, soils 2004; Peruzzo et al., 2008). -
Colloid-Bound and Dissolved Phosphorus Species in Topsoil Water Extracts Along a Grassland” by Xiaoqian Jiang Et Al
Biogeosciences Discuss., doi:10.5194/bg-2016-434-AC2, 2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License. Interactive comment on “Colloid-bound and dissolved phosphorus species in topsoil water extracts along a grassland” by Xiaoqian Jiang et al. Xiaoqian Jiang et al. [email protected] Received and published: 30 January 2017 Reviewer 2: We thank the referee for the detailed comments which helped a lot to improve the manuscript. In this manuscript, we stated a new hypothesis, revised some explanations and conclusion as follows: Q: Comment 1: The paper does not give any information about the agricultural use of the sampled grassland sites. Are these sites used for cattle breeding. Do they receive P-containing manure? Are they, or were they, subject to inorganic P fertilization? Were the land use or P fertilization, if any, similar in the cambisol and stagnosol plots? The authors should provide information on those different points. C1 A: As we know, the grassland vegetation is dominated by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.). We do not have any in- formation about the amount of P fertilization but we know that there were different managements among these there soils according to personal observation as follows: -for the Cambisols: extensive meadow with three to four cuts per year, no cattle graz- ing. -for the Stagnic Cambisols: cattle pasture but with less frequent grazing than the Stagnosols -for the Stagnosols: intensively used as pasture with frequent cattle graz- ing followed by harrowing with a tire-drag harrow and application of organic manure (cattle slurry).