Introduction Soil Excursion Signs of Wetness
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Eletrochemical Changes in Gleysol of the Amazon Estuary
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rca.1796 ORIGINAL ARTICLE George Rodrigues da Silva1* Paulo Augusto Lobato da Silva2 Sérgio Brazão e Silva1 Mário Lopes da Silva Junior1 Eletrochemical changes in Gleysol of the Marcos André Piedade Gama1 Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes1 Amazon estuary Alterações eletroquímicas em Gleissolo do estuário 1 Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, 66077-830, Belém, PA, amazônico Brasil 2 Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado do Pará – EMATER/PA, Rodovia BR- 316, km 12, s/n, 67105-970, Ananindeua, PA, ABSTRACT: Electrochemical reactions are intensified by soil flooding, which changes Brasil the dynamics of nutrients and negatively affects plant growth. In this work, we aimed to Corresponding Author: evaluate the changes in the redox potential (Eh), pH and nutrient availability in a Haplic E-mail: [email protected] Gleysol soil from a floodplain of the Guamá River, Belém, Pará State. During the period of floods (61 days), samples soils were collected on alternate days and analyzed in dry and wet conditions. Flooding resulted in higher pH values and decreased Eh, which stabilized after 32 days of flooding and did not affect the values of total nitrogen. An increase in the KEYWORDS Oxidation-reduction concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper and zinc were observed, and Availability of nutrients they were subsequently reduced with time of submergence. The reduction of sulfur occurred Waterlogged soils at low Eh and pH values near neutrality. The results show that nitrogen and sulfur do not limit agricultural production in the lowland soils of the Guamá River. -
81421371.Pdf
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 187 Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys Vedran RUBINIĆ ( ) Stjepan HUSNJAK Summary Pseudogleys (Stagnosols according to WRB-2014) represent the second most widespread soil type in Croatia, developed almost exclusively in its Pannonian region. Although most Croatian Pseudogleys are found on agricultural land or in agro- ecosystems, they usually have numerous constraints for agricultural production. Primarily, this is due to their unfavorable water/air regime (precipitation water periodically stagnates on/in the poorly permeable subsoil horizon). Th e aim of this study was to determine which signifi cant diff erences in physical properties and humus content exist between the eluvial horizon (Eg) and the illuvial horizon (Btg) in Croatian Pseudogleys. Total of 33 Pseudogley profi les were investigated at 11 forest sites across the Pannonian region of Croatia. Properties of Eg horizon signifi cantly diff ered from the properties of Btg horizon. Compared with the Eg horizon, the Btg horizon had more clay, higher bulk density, less pores, and lower capacity for air. However, the stability of microaggregates was higher in the Btg horizon than in the Eg horizon. Contents of clay and humus have the key impact on most soil physical properties. Th ese results should be borne in mind, both when converting natural Pseudogleys into arable soils and when ameliorating arable Pseudogleys that contain the Eg horizon below the Ap horizon. Key words stagnosols, Pannonian region of Croatia, forest soils, soil physical properties, humus University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 4, 2016 | Accepted: November 17, 2016 Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus . -
The Soil Map of the Flemish Region Converted to the 3 Edition of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources
Ontwikkelen en toepassen van een methodiek voor de vertaling van de Belgische bodemclassificatie van de kustpolders naar het internationale WRB systeem en generaliseren van de WRB-bodemkaart voor gans Vlaanderen naar het 1 : 250 000 schaalniveau The soil map of the Flemish region converted to the 3 rd edition of the World Reference Base for soil resources Stefaan Dondeyne, Laura Vanierschot, Roger Langohr Eric Van Ranst and Jozef Deckers Oct. 2014 Opdracht van de Vlaamse Overheid Bestek nr. BOD/STUD/2013/01 Contents Contents............................................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgement ...........................................................................................................................................5 Abstract............................................................................................................................................................7 Samenvatting ...................................................................................................................................................9 1. Background and objectives.......................................................................................................................11 2. The soil map of Belgium............................................................................................................................12 2.1 The soil survey project..........................................................................................................................12 -
Prairie Wetland Soils: Gleysolic and Organic Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan
PS&C Prairie Soils & Crops Journal Agricultural Soils of the Prairies Prairie Wetland Soils: Gleysolic and Organic Angela Bedard-Haughn Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Summary Gleysolic and Organic soils are collectively referred to as “wetland soils”. They are found in wet low-lying or level landscape positions. Gleysolic soils are found throughout the agricultural Prairies, in association with Chernozemic and Luvisolic soils. In semi-arid regions, they are frequently tilled in dry years and can be very productive due to their relatively high levels of soil moisture and nutrients. In the Prairie Provinces, Organic soils tend to be mostly associated with the Boreal transition zones at the northern and eastern perimeter of the Prairies. With proper management, these can also provide productive agricultural land, particularly for forages. Introduction Soils of the Gleysolic and Organic orders are collectively referred to as “wetland soils”. Soil maps of the agricultural region of the Canadian Prairies seldom have areas mapped as dominantly Gleysolic8 or Organic9; however, these soils are found throughout the region wherever climate and/or topography have led to persistent water-saturated conditions. Gleysols are mineral soils with colors that reflect intermittent or prolonged anaerobic (i.e., saturated, low oxygen) conditions (Fig. 1A). Organic soils reflect permanent anaerobic conditions, which lead to soils that are made up of variably decomposed plant residues, mostly from water-tolerant (i.e., hydrophytic) vegetation (Fig. 1B). Figure 1: A) Humic Luvic Gleysol, Saskatchewan and B) Typic Fibrisol (Organic), Manitoba7. Of the some 100,000,000 ha covered by the Canada Land Inventory (CLI) in the Prairie Provinces12, Gleysolic soils occupy less than 15% of the Prairie ecoregions and up to 40% in the Mid-Boreal (boreal = “northern”) Upland (Alberta) and Interlake Plain (Manitoba) ecoregions12. -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR)
The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 1 Draft, Nov. 2007 The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e. V., Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Objectives 4 2. Concept 5 3. Procedure and scoring tables 7 3.1. Field procedure 7 3.2. Scoring of basic indicators 10 3.2.0. What are basic indicators? 10 3.2.1. Soil substrate 12 3.2.2. Depth of A horizon or depth of humic soil 14 3.2.3. Topsoil structure 15 3.2.4. Subsoil compaction 17 3.2.5. Rooting depth and depth of biological activity 19 3.2.6. -
Correlation Between the Polish Soil Classification (2011) and International Soil Classification System World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015)
DE DE GRUYTER 88 OPEN CEZARY KABA£A, MARCIN ŒWITONIAK, PRZEMYS£AW CHARZYÑSKI SOIL SCIENCE ANNUAL DOI: 10.1515/ssa-2016-0012 Vol. 67 No. 2/2016: 88–100 CEZARY KABA£A1*, MARCIN ŒWITONIAK2, PRZEMYS£AW CHARZYÑSKI2 1 Wroc³aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wroc³aw, Poland 2 Nicolaus Copernicus University, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruñ, Poland Correlation between the Polish Soil Classification (2011) and international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2015) Abstract: The recent editions of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) have supplied the correlation table with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), which is the international soil classification most commonly used by Polish pedologists. However, the latest WRB edition (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) has introduced significant changes and many of the former correlations became outdated. The current paper presents the closest equivalents of the soil orders, types and subtypes of the recent edition of the PSC (2011) and WRB (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The proposals can be used for general correlation of soil units on maps and in databases, and may support Polish soil scientists to establish the most appropriate equivalents for soils under study, as well as make PSC more available for an international society. Keywords: Polish Soils Classification, WRB, equivalents, reference soil groups, soil types INTRODUCTION quantitative concept. Presently, the Soil Taxonomy is used in over 40 countries (Krasilnikov 2002) as a Pedology appeared in the second half of the 19th primary system for naming the soils. -
Responses of Soil Microorganisms to Land Use in Different Soil Types Along the Soil Profiles
Soil and Water Research, 15, 2020 (2): 125–134 Original Paper https://doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-SWR Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles Erika Gömöryová1*, Gabriela Barančíková2, Erika Tobiašová3, Ján Halás2, Rastislav Skalský 2, Štefan Koco2, Dušan Gömöry 1 1Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia 2National Agriculture and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia 3Department of Soil Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Citation: Gömöryová E., Barančíková G., Tobiašová E., Halás J., Skalský R., Koco Š., Gömöry D. (2020): Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles. Soil & Water Res., 15: 125−134. Abstract: The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Cherno- zem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), repre- senting a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found. -
Some Features of Soil Contamination Based on Soil Monitoring System in Slovakia
SOME FEATURES OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BASED ON SOIL MONITORING SYSTEM IN SLOVAKIA Jozef Kobza National Agricultural and Food Centre – Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional working place Banská Bystrica, Mládežnícka 36, 974 04 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] Identification of factors in relation to soil contamination 1. Natural (physical-geographical) factors include: V climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, speed and directions of wind) V soil - lithological conditions (geology, soil type, texture, occurrence of geochemical anomalies, etc.) V vegetation (type of vegetation, rooting, etc.) V topography (slope, relief, elevation/altitude) 2. Anthropogenic factors include: V land use and farming system (crop land, grassland, forest) V use of fertilisers and organic manures V irrigation, melioration practices V other sources (sealing, mining, waste disposal, pollutant emissions) Measured risk elements in soil monitoring network in Slovakia • Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Se, Co, As (aqua regia) • Hg (total content, AMA 254) • Fw (watersoluble fluorine measured by ionselective electrode) Mean content of risk elements on agricultural soils in Slovakia Soils As Cd Co Cr Cu Ni Pb Zn Se Hg FM 10.8 0.7 8.8 39.1 34.0 37.0 54.3 122.8 - 0.2 ČA 10.0 0.4 7.8 42.9 22.7 29.6 21.1 75.6 0.2 0.06 ČM 10.0 0.4 7.8 42.9 22.7 29.6 21.1 75.6 0.3 0.1 HM 9.2 0.2 10.0 41.5 22.9 32.6 19.7 68.8 0.1 0.05 LM+PG 9.9 0.3 9.7 42.8 17.0 23.3 24.2 66.7 0.2 0.07 KM 14.8 0.3 12.6 52.2 28.9 29.2 27.0 -
Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model
agronomy Article Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model for Bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cu in the Soils of the Republic of Serbia Jelena Maksimovi´c*, Radmila Pivi´c,Aleksandra Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c , Marina Jovkovi´c,Darko Jaramaz and Zoran Dini´c Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (A.S.-S.); [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (Z.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The principles of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century are based on the preservation of basic natural resources and environmental protection, which is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach in obtaining solutions and applying information technologies. Prediction models of bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) represent the basis for the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence in digital agriculture. Since the bioavailability of TEs is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil, which are characteristic of the soil type, in order to obtain more reliable prediction models in this study, the testing set from the previous study was grouped based on the soil type. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of improvement in the prediction of bioavailability of TEs by using a different strategy of model development. After the training set was grouped based on the criteria for the new model development, the developed basic models were compared to the basic models from the previous study. The second step was to develop Citation: Maksimovi´c,J.; Pivi´c,R.; models based on the soil type (for the eight most common soil types in the Republic of Serbia—RS) Stanojkovi´c-Sebi´c,A.; Jovkovi´c,M.; and to compare their reliability to the basic models. -
Topic 2 WRB MINERAL SOILS CONDITIONED by (SUB-) HUMID
TopicTopic 22 WRBWRB MINERALMINERAL SOILSSOILS CONDITIONEDCONDITIONED BYBY (SUB(SUB--)) HUMIDHUMID CLIMATECLIMATE AlbeluvisolsAlbeluvisols,, LuvisolsLuvisols andand UmbrisolsUmbrisols SoilSoil FormingForming FactorsFactors z Significant period (season) when rainfall exceeds evapo-transpiration: Excess water for redistribution. z History of glaciation and periglacial conditions. z Natural vegetation is woodland (boreal and temperate). z Three major types of Landform: - Pleistocene sedimentary lowlands: Glaciofluvial outwash; Glacial sands and Gravels: glacial till; glacio- lacustrine deposits; wind-blown silt (loess|) & sand. - Uplifted & dissected Pre-Pleistocene sedimentary ‘Cuestas’: Limestones; Sandstones & Mudstones, often with thin loess cover. - Uplifted and dissected Caledonian & Hercynian Massifs: Folded sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. CLIMATECLIMATE TheThe zonalzonal conceptconcept Boreal Forset Long-grass Steppe Tropical Rainforest Cool; P > Et Warm; P < Et Hot; P > Et Strong leaching of Weak upward flux of Leaching of mobile ions; mobile ions; mobile ions (Ca & Na); Strong mineral weathering (Fe Acidification; Salinization; & Al oxides); Low biological activity Strong biological activity; Strong biological activity; Deep rooting & & incorporation of OM Rapid OM cycling (low OC) incorporation of OM Transport of weathered products, Si, etc. ClimaticClimatic CharacteristicsCharacteristics Spring Temperature Recharge 0-50 50 – 250 250 – 500 500 1000 1000 – 2000 2000 - 3000 MainMain soilsoil formingforming processesprocesses -
ANTHROSOLS Profound Changes in Soil Properties (From the Greek, Meaning Soil)
JRC Soils Atlas 24/6/05 11:32 am Page 28 The soil of Europe The major soil types of Europe Soil with subsurface accumulation of low activity clay Acid soil with a bleached horizon penetrating a clay ACRISOLS minerals and low base saturation (from the Latin, acris, ALBELUVISOLS accumulation horizon (from the Latin, albus, meaning meaning very acid). white and eluere, meaning to wash out). An Acrisol is a highly weathered soil occurring in warm temperate regions and the wetter parts Albeluvisols have an accumulation of clay in the subsoil with an irregular or broken upper of the tropics and subtropics. Acrisols have poor chemical properties, low levels of plant boundary and deep penetrations or ‘tonguing’ of bleached soil material into the illuviation nutrients, high levels of aluminium and high susceptibility to erosion. These conditions are horizon. The typical “albeluvic tongues” are generally the result of freeze-thaw processes in strong limitations for agricultural use. Acrisols are similar to the Red-Yellow Podzolic soil of periglacial conditions and often show a polygonal network in horizontal cuts. Albeluvisols occur Indonesia), Red and Yellow Earths and are related to several subgroups of Alfisols and Ultisols mainly in the moist and cool temperate regions. Also known as Podzoluvisols (FAO), Ortho- (Soil Taxonomy). podzolic soil (Russia) and several suborders of the Alfisols (Soil Taxonomy). Left: Sheet and rill erosion on Left: Albeluvisols develop Acrisols; mostly under forest vegetation; Below: a natural Acrisol profile Below: Albeluvic tongues are exposed by deep gully erosion; clearly visible penetrating the The map shows the location of bleached illuvial horizon; The areas in Europe where Acrisols map shows the location of are the dominant soil type.