DOCSLIB.ORG

Adsorption of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Soils

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adsorption of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Soils IINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALL AAgggrrroooppphhhyyysssiiicccss www.international-agrophysics.org Int. Agrophys., 2013, 27, 203-209 doi: 10.2478/v10247-012-0086-7 Adsorption of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soils N. Rampazzo*, G. Rampazzo Todorovic, A. Mentler, and W.E.H. Blum Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria Received February 15, 2012; accepted October 26, 2012 A b s t r a c t. The results showed that glyphosate is initially Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the active adsorbed mostly in the upper 2 cm. It is than transported and ad- compound in Roundup Max, a post-emergency non-selec- sorbed after few days in deeper soil horizons with concomitant tive broad spectrum herbicide widely applied in agricultural increasing content of its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid. practice. Glyphosate itself is an acid, but it is commonly Moreover, Fe-oxides seem to be a key parameter for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic adsorption in soils. This study con- used as a salt, most commonly as isopropylammoniumsalt. firmed previous studies: the analysis showed lower contents of The persistence is typically up to 170 days, with a half- dithionite-soluble and Fe-oxides for the Chernozem, with con- life time of 45-60 days (Peruzzo et al., 2008). Some studies sequently lower adsorption of glyphosate and aminomethylphos- however, show a half-life time of years. The major degrada- phonic as compared with the Cambisol and the Stagnosol. tion product of glyphosate is aminomethylphosphonic acid K e y w o r d s: adsorption, glyphosate, aminomethylphospho- (AMPA), (Gimsing et al., 2004; Locke and Zablotowicz, nic acid, soils 2004; Peruzzo et al., 2008). The glyphosate fate and behaviour in soil are affected INTRODUCTION by different soil factors and processes, but depends also on Soils play an important role in the regulation of conta- interactions between herbicide and soil under the specific minants in ecosystems. Identification and understanding of local conditions (Gimsing et al., 2004; Locke and Zabloto- the mechanisms controlling the fate of chemicals as a source wicz, 2004; Soulas and Lagacherie, 2001). Thus, traces of of environmental contamination, especially in soils and this herbicide have been found in many surface- and ground- water are of major concern. A better understanding for the water systems, (Landry et al., 2005; Peruzzo et al., 2008). organic pollutant behaviour in soils is important for the Consequently, farmers should strive for improved manage- improvement of environmental protection. ment practices in the use and release of these chemicals. This The behaviour of organic contaminants in soils is gene- calls for considering the pesticide type and application rates rally governed by a variety of physical, chemical and biolo- as well as the characteristics of the application site (Soulas gical processes, including sorption-desorption, volatiliza- and Lagacherie, 2001). tion, chemical and biological degradation, uptake by plants, run-off, and leaching (Mamy et al., 2005). One of the key problems for obtaining reliable results Organophosphonates are released into the environment from field samples is to control the possible biodegradation in enormous quantities and, among the non-selective herbi- of glyphosate during storage and preparation of the soil cides, glyphosate is applied at a volume corresponding with samples because the glyphosate content can be influenced about 60% of the global sales (Candela et al., 2007). Glypho- by soil microbes. sate is a polar, highly water-soluble substance that easily The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of forms complexes with metals and binds tightly to soil com- glyphosate and AMPA at different soils and time intervals ponents (Ghanem et al., 2007; Gimsing et al., 2004; after field application. Schnurer et al., 2006). *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] © 2013 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences 204 N. RAMPAZZO et al. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pyhra: – immediately after the Roundup Max application, at 0-2 cm The experiments were carried out at agricultural experi- soil depth; mental fields, where different tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), – 28 days after application at 0-2, 2-5, and 5-10 cm soil direct drill, no plough, with a winter green vegetation cover depth; and maize crop in spring, and conventional tillage (CT), Pixendorf: plough with or without a winter green vegetation cover in – immediately after the Roundup Max application, at 0-2 cm 3 field replications are tested since 2007 (Kirchberg, Styria), soil depth; 1999 (Pyhra and Pixendorf, Lower Austria). – 3 days after application at 0-2 and 2-5 cm soil depth; Three soils under different climatic conditions and fea- – 10 days after application at 0-2, 2-5, and 5-10 cm soil depth. turing different physico-mineral composition were investi- After each soil sampling soil samples were immediately gated: a sandy stagnic Cambisol (WRB, 2006; Nestroy et al., transported to the laboratory in cooling boxes. In the labo- 2000) at Kirchberg (Styria) from tertiary carbonate free sedi- ratory all samples were stored at -18 °C until measurements. ments, a loamy Stagnosol (WRB, 2006; Nestroy et al., 2000) All physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were from carbonate free sediments (flysch, sandstone) at Pyhra carried out according to the standard methods. (Lower Austria) and a Chernozem (WRB, 2006; Nestroy et al., RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2000) from loess at Pixendorf (Lower Austria). Moreover, these three soil types were selected because of their contrast- The investigated soils show their distinguished forma- ing physico-chemico-mineralogical parameters eg texture, car- tion through very different textures. The Chernozem shows bonate content, pH-value, and Fe-oxides for a better under- the development from loess with typical high silt content. The Stagnosol has a heterogeneous texture, typical for standing of their influence on the glyphosate behaviour and a loamy soil and the high amount of silt and clay explains the extraction from soils. All three sites were under comparable water stagnation of this soil. The Cambisol is a sandy soil, tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) in long- with over 50% mass of sand fraction. term experiments (Klik et al., 2010). There is a distinguished difference between the CT- The soils investigated are representative for the main plots and the NT-plots. NT-plots show higher bulk density agricultural regions of Austria, where Cambisols – 50%, Cherno- and lower total porosity than (CT) plots. This compaction is zems – 18%, and Stagnosols cover approximately – 10% of known from the literature and is due to a natural settlement the agricultural land use of Austria (Haslmayr, 2010). of particles free from tillage practices. As a consequence, The Roundup Max application was performed at all there is a loss of coarse pores which leads to a slightly three sites according to the common agricultural practice ie diminished available water capacity (Table 1). 4 l Roundup Max (450 g glyphosate /l Roundup Max) were The silty Chernozem is slightly alkaline with a medium dissolved in 200 l of water and applied per ha (2 % herbicide carbonate content. The siliceous Stagnosol and Cambisol solution). This corresponds to an application of 1 800 g gly- are weakly acidic, according to their formation conditions. phosate ha-1 or 180 mg glyphosate m-2. The application was The contents of soil organic matter decrease with soil depth carried out at sunny and not windy weather at the NT-plots. (Table 2). Soil bulk samples from all plots (NT and CT) were taken Pedogenic Fe-(Al)-oxides are important indicators for for physico-chemico-mineralogical analysis at each site at eg weathering intensity and redox processes in soils. They two soil depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm), collected from 10 diffe- play also a major role as absorbers for glyphosate in soils. rent points/field replication. The samples were air-dried and The dithionite-soluble Fe(Fed) indicates the total amount of sieved at 2 mm size (fine earth). Moreover, for further phy- pedogenic formed Fe-oxides, that means organically bound, sical analysis undisturbed samples (cylinders with 200 cm3) amorphous and well crystallized. This Fe-extraction does were taken separated from each NT and CT field replication not allow any conclusion about the type of Fe-oxide (goet- at 5-15 cm soil depth each in 5 repetitions. hite is however the most relevant Fe-oxide in Central Europe). In order to investigate the fate of glyphosate and AMPA The Chernozem features a low content, the Stagnosol in depth and time after Roundup Max application, soil bulk a medium content and the Cambisol a high content of Fe- samples were taken at different time intervals after applica- oxides (Table 3). From this, the expected sorption capacity tion at 10 points within each NT-field replication (pooled for glyphosate and AMPA increases respectively from the than to one sample per site) as follows: Chernozem, over the Stagnosol to the higher weathered Kirchberg: Cambisol. All sites show a low Fe-oxides/ dithionite-soluble – immediately after the Roundup Max application, at 0-2 cm Fe(Feo/Fed) ratio which indicates that in all soils investi- soil depth; gated the most relevant amount of pedogenic Fe-oxides is – 3 days after application at 0-2 and 2-5 cm soil depth; well cristallized (Table
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 81421371.Pdf
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 187 Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys Vedran RUBINIĆ ( ) Stjepan HUSNJAK Summary Pseudogleys (Stagnosols according to WRB-2014) represent the second most widespread soil type in Croatia, developed almost exclusively in its Pannonian region. Although most Croatian Pseudogleys are found on agricultural land or in agro- ecosystems, they usually have numerous constraints for agricultural production. Primarily, this is due to their unfavorable water/air regime (precipitation water periodically stagnates on/in the poorly permeable subsoil horizon). Th e aim of this study was to determine which signifi cant diff erences in physical properties and humus content exist between the eluvial horizon (Eg) and the illuvial horizon (Btg) in Croatian Pseudogleys. Total of 33 Pseudogley profi les were investigated at 11 forest sites across the Pannonian region of Croatia. Properties of Eg horizon signifi cantly diff ered from the properties of Btg horizon. Compared with the Eg horizon, the Btg horizon had more clay, higher bulk density, less pores, and lower capacity for air. However, the stability of microaggregates was higher in the Btg horizon than in the Eg horizon. Contents of clay and humus have the key impact on most soil physical properties. Th ese results should be borne in mind, both when converting natural Pseudogleys into arable soils and when ameliorating arable Pseudogleys that contain the Eg horizon below the Ap horizon. Key words stagnosols, Pannonian region of Croatia, forest soils, soil physical properties, humus University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 4, 2016 | Accepted: November 17, 2016 Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus .
    [Show full text]
  • The Soil Map of the Flemish Region Converted to the 3 Edition of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources
    Ontwikkelen en toepassen van een methodiek voor de vertaling van de Belgische bodemclassificatie van de kustpolders naar het internationale WRB systeem en generaliseren van de WRB-bodemkaart voor gans Vlaanderen naar het 1 : 250 000 schaalniveau The soil map of the Flemish region converted to the 3 rd edition of the World Reference Base for soil resources Stefaan Dondeyne, Laura Vanierschot, Roger Langohr Eric Van Ranst and Jozef Deckers Oct. 2014 Opdracht van de Vlaamse Overheid Bestek nr. BOD/STUD/2013/01 Contents Contents............................................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgement ...........................................................................................................................................5 Abstract............................................................................................................................................................7 Samenvatting ...................................................................................................................................................9 1. Background and objectives.......................................................................................................................11 2. The soil map of Belgium............................................................................................................................12 2.1 The soil survey project..........................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
    ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR)
    The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 1 Draft, Nov. 2007 The Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) FIELD MANUAL FOR DETECTING AND ASSESSING PROPERTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR CROPPING AND GRAZING Lothar Mueller, Uwe Schindler, Axel Behrendt, Frank Eulenstein & Ralf Dannowski Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e. V., Muencheberg, Germany with contributions of Sandro L. Schlindwein, University of St. Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil T. Graham Shepherd, Nutri-Link, Palmerston North, New Zealand Elena Smolentseva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ISSA), Novosibirsk, Russia Jutta Rogasik, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Braunschweig, Germany 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Objectives 4 2. Concept 5 3. Procedure and scoring tables 7 3.1. Field procedure 7 3.2. Scoring of basic indicators 10 3.2.0. What are basic indicators? 10 3.2.1. Soil substrate 12 3.2.2. Depth of A horizon or depth of humic soil 14 3.2.3. Topsoil structure 15 3.2.4. Subsoil compaction 17 3.2.5. Rooting depth and depth of biological activity 19 3.2.6.
    [Show full text]
  • Responses of Soil Microorganisms to Land Use in Different Soil Types Along the Soil Profiles
    Soil and Water Research, 15, 2020 (2): 125–134 Original Paper https://doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-SWR Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles Erika Gömöryová1*, Gabriela Barančíková2, Erika Tobiašová3, Ján Halás2, Rastislav Skalský 2, Štefan Koco2, Dušan Gömöry 1 1Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia 2National Agriculture and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia 3Department of Soil Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Citation: Gömöryová E., Barančíková G., Tobiašová E., Halás J., Skalský R., Koco Š., Gömöry D. (2020): Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles. Soil & Water Res., 15: 125−134. Abstract: The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Cherno- zem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), repre- senting a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils with Stagnic Conditions
    Article Hydraulic Properties of Forest Soils with Stagnic Conditions Stefan Julich 1,* , Janis Kreiselmeier 1,2,3 , Simon Scheibler 1, Rainer Petzold 4, Kai Schwärzel 2,3 and Karl-Heinz Feger 1 1 Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (K.-H.F.) 2 Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES), United Nations University, 01067 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] 3 Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany 4 Centre of Excellence for Wood and Forestry, Public Enterprise Sachsenforst, 01796 Pirna, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Tree species, e.g., shallow vs. deep rooting tree species, have a distinct impact on hydrolog- ical properties and pore size distribution of soils. In our study, we determined the soil hydrologic properties and pore size distribution at three forest stands and one pasture as reference on soils with stagnant water conditions. All sites are located in the Wermsdorf Forest, where historical studies have demonstrated severe silvicultural problems associated with stagnant water in the soil. The studied stands represent different stages of forest management with a young 25-year-old oak (Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) and Red oak (Q. robur)) plantation, a 170-year-old oak stand and a 95-year-old Norway Spruce (Picea abies) stand in second rotation. We determined the infiltration rates under saturated and near-saturated conditions with a hood-infiltrometer at the topsoil as well as the saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention characteristic from undisturbed soil samples taken from the surface and 30 cm depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex: Soil Groups, Characteristics, Distribution and Ecosystem Services
    Status of the World’s Main Report Soil Resources Annex Soil groups, characteristics, distribution and ecosystem services © FAO | Giuseppe Bizzarri © FAO INTERGOVERNMENTAL TECHNICAL PANEL ON SOILS Disclaimer and copyright Recommended citation: FAO and ITPS. 2015. Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) – Main Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109004-6 © FAO, 2015 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Soil Degradation by Erosion Based on Analysis of Soil Properties Using Aerial Hyperspectral Images and Ancillary Data, Czech Republic
    Article Assessment of Soil Degradation by Erosion Based on Analysis of Soil Properties Using Aerial Hyperspectral Images and Ancillary Data, Czech Republic Daniel Žížala 1,2,*, Tereza Zádorová 2 and Jiří Kapička 1 1 Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Žabovřeská 250, Prague CZ 156 27, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 29, Prague CZ 165 00, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +42-02-5702-7232 Academic Editors: José A.M. Demattê, Clement Atzberger and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 28 October 2016; Accepted: 28 December 2016; Published: 1 January 2017 Abstract: The assessment of the soil redistribution and real long-term soil degradation due to erosion on agriculture land is still insufficient in spite of being essential for soil conservation policy. Imaging spectroscopy has been recognized as a suitable tool for soil erosion assessment in recent years. In our study, we bring an approach for assessment of soil degradation by erosion by means of determining soil erosion classes representing soils differently influenced by erosion impact. The adopted methods include extensive field sampling, laboratory analysis, predictive modelling of selected soil surface properties using aerial hyperspectral data and the digital elevation model and fuzzy classification. Different multivariate regression techniques (Partial Least Square, Support Vector Machine, Random forest and Artificial neural network) were applied in the predictive modelling of soil properties. The properties with satisfying performance (R2 > 0.5) were used as input data in erosion classes determination by fuzzy C-means classification method.
    [Show full text]
  • Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys
    ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 187 Clay and Humus Contents Have the Key Impact on Physical Properties of Croatian Pseudogleys Vedran RUBINIĆ ( ) Stjepan HUSNJAK Summary Pseudogleys (Stagnosols according to WRB-2014) represent the second most widespread soil type in Croatia, developed almost exclusively in its Pannonian region. Although most Croatian Pseudogleys are found on agricultural land or in agro- ecosystems, they usually have numerous constraints for agricultural production. Primarily, this is due to their unfavorable water/air regime (precipitation water periodically stagnates on/in the poorly permeable subsoil horizon). Th e aim of this study was to determine which signifi cant diff erences in physical properties and humus content exist between the eluvial horizon (Eg) and the illuvial horizon (Btg) in Croatian Pseudogleys. Total of 33 Pseudogley profi les were investigated at 11 forest sites across the Pannonian region of Croatia. Properties of Eg horizon signifi cantly diff ered from the properties of Btg horizon. Compared with the Eg horizon, the Btg horizon had more clay, higher bulk density, less pores, and lower capacity for air. However, the stability of microaggregates was higher in the Btg horizon than in the Eg horizon. Contents of clay and humus have the key impact on most soil physical properties. Th ese results should be borne in mind, both when converting natural Pseudogleys into arable soils and when ameliorating arable Pseudogleys that contain the Eg horizon below the Ap horizon. Key words stagnosols, Pannonian region of Croatia, forest soils, soil physical properties, humus University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 4, 2016 | Accepted: November 17, 2016 Agriculturae Conspectus Scientifi cus .
    [Show full text]
  • Fsbdev2 034643.Pdf
    Blank Back Page International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics: Land Use, Management and Global Change July 6‐9, 2009 Cheyenne Mountain Conference Center Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA Organizing Committee Keith Paustian – Colorado State University (Chair) M. Francesca Cotrufo – Colorado State University (Vice‐Chair) Richard Conant – Colorado State University Ronald Follett – USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins Eugene Kelly – Colorado State University Maurice Mausbach – USDA/Natural Resource Conservation Service (retired) Stephen Ogle – Colorado State University Eldor Paul – Colorado State University Gary Peterson – Colorado State University Michael Ryan – US Forest Service, Fort Collins Scientific Committee Olof Andrén – Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Carlos E.P. Cerri – University of Sao Paolo, Brazil Abad Chabbi – INRA‐UEFE, France Jorge Etchevers – Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico Paul Fixen – International Plant Nutrition Institute Jürg Fuhrer – ART, Zurich, Switzerland Peter Grace – Queensland University of Technology, Australia Georg Guggenberger – Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Henry Janzen – Agriculture and Agrifood Canada Miko Kirschbaum – Landcare Research, New Zealand Rattan Lal – Ohio State University, USA Johannes Lehmann – Cornell University, USA Roel Merckx – Belgium Genxing Pan – Nanjing University, China Phil Sollins – Oregon State University, USA Conference Sponsors 25×’25 Carbon Management Center, Colorado Clean Energy Collaboratory Chicago Climate Exchange College
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Soil Erosion by Water Under Different Tillage Treatments on Distribution of Soil Chemical Parameters
    Original Paper Soil & Water Res., 13, 2018 (1): 36–43 doi: 10.17221/25/2017-SWR Effects of Soil Erosion by Water under Different Tillage Treatments on Distribution of Soil Chemical Parameters Ivica KISIC, Igor BOGUNOVIC*, Zeljka ZGORELEC and Darija BILANDZIJA Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Kisic I., Bogunovic I., Zgorelec Z., Bilandzija D. (2018): Effects of soil erosion by water under different tillage treat- ments on distribution of soil chemical parameters. Soil & Water Res., 13: 36−43. Soil losses by water erosion were studied under six different tillage treatments, which differ in depth and direction of tillage and planting during a twenty-year period (1995–2014) on Stagnosols in central lowland Croatia. Studied tillage treatments were: control plot (bare fallow-BF), ploughing up and down the slope to 30 cm (PUDS), no- tillage (NT), ploughing across the slope to 30 cm (PAS), very deep ploughing across the slope to 50 cm (VDPAS), and subsoiling to 50 cm + ploughing to 30 cm across the slope (SSPAS). The paper presents the following chemi- cal parameters: soil pH, soil organic matter (OM), plant available phosphorus (P-P2O5), plant available potassium (K-K2O), total carbon content (Ctot), total nitrogen content (Ntot) and CN ratio of non-eroded soil and soil loss from studied treatments. All soil sediments had significantly higher content of the studied parameters compared to non-eroded soil. The overall respective levels of OM, Ctot, Ntot, P-P2O5 and K-K2O loss by eroded soil were as follows: 0.86 (NT) − 10.86 (BF) t/ha, 0.10 (SSPAS) – 2.60 (BF) t/ha, 0.015 (SSPAS) – 0.392 (BF) t/ha, 0.012 (NT) − 0.173 (BF) t/ha and 0.017 (SSPAS) − 0.158 (BF) t/ha.
    [Show full text]
  • Colloid-Bound and Dissolved Phosphorus Species in Topsoil Water Extracts Along a Grassland” by Xiaoqian Jiang Et Al
    Biogeosciences Discuss., doi:10.5194/bg-2016-434-AC2, 2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License. Interactive comment on “Colloid-bound and dissolved phosphorus species in topsoil water extracts along a grassland” by Xiaoqian Jiang et al. Xiaoqian Jiang et al. [email protected] Received and published: 30 January 2017 Reviewer 2: We thank the referee for the detailed comments which helped a lot to improve the manuscript. In this manuscript, we stated a new hypothesis, revised some explanations and conclusion as follows: Q: Comment 1: The paper does not give any information about the agricultural use of the sampled grassland sites. Are these sites used for cattle breeding. Do they receive P-containing manure? Are they, or were they, subject to inorganic P fertilization? Were the land use or P fertilization, if any, similar in the cambisol and stagnosol plots? The authors should provide information on those different points. C1 A: As we know, the grassland vegetation is dominated by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.). We do not have any in- formation about the amount of P fertilization but we know that there were different managements among these there soils according to personal observation as follows: -for the Cambisols: extensive meadow with three to four cuts per year, no cattle graz- ing. -for the Stagnic Cambisols: cattle pasture but with less frequent grazing than the Stagnosols -for the Stagnosols: intensively used as pasture with frequent cattle graz- ing followed by harrowing with a tire-drag harrow and application of organic manure (cattle slurry).
    [Show full text]