Mt. Vernon Medical and Sur- gical Sanitarium An Institution Centrally Located in the Most SELECTED—We pay a Healthful Portion of the State bonus over the regular price Equipped with modern appliances for surgical in October, the month of the grape har- work and the treatment of chronic disorders. ¶ Latest improved apparatus for Hydrotherapy, vest. Thus we secure fresh-picked, the Electrotherapy, Phototherapy, Mechanotherapy, very choicest of the very best Concord grapes Massotherapy. ¶ Physiologic System of Treat- in the Chautauqua belt—the finest in the ment and Diet fully carried out in the institu- world. The grapes come to us a few tion. ¶ Pleasant Rooms ; Elevator ; Hot Water Heating System ; Natural Gas ; Quiet, Secluded hours after being gathered—fresh from Grounds; Christian Attendants of both sexes. the vines. ¶ Noted Medicinal Springs in the immediate vicinity. ¶ Offensive patients not received in the WASHED— The selected and inspected building. ¶ Wtite for information. grapes are then washed in clean, pure MT. VERNON, OHIO water, which is constantly renewed. RINSED—On leaving the washing tank the grapes are rinsed by jets of clear water, so that no possible chance remains for them not to be perfectly clean. Welc 's Nation al Grape Juice

STEMMED— No human hand touches the grape; after they go into the washing and ti sing process. They are mechanically conveyed to the stammer, which automatic- ally removes the stems. PRESSED—The grapes travel in an aluminum pipe line to the presses, where the juice is squeezed out under heavy pressure. PASTEURIZED—As rapidly as the juice is pressed, Man's belt—front view it is conveyed through aluminum tubes to the pasteurizers where it is scientifically pasteurized. This leaves the life and freshness in the juice and makes preservatives 1 The "Storm" Binder unnecessary. An Abdominal Supporter SEALED—Immediately after being sterilized the pure juice is hermetically sealed in glass, and it will keep Adapted to Men, Women, Children, and Babies indefinitely. It is as fresh when you get it as it was No whalebones, no steel, no leather in its construction. when it left the grape. Washable as underwear. A perfect support. For use after There are forty years of successful experience In the above operations on any part of the abdomen. Comfortable for condensed story of WELCH'S grape juice. It in to-day the most popular and most delicious natural drink you can get. work or recreation. For use in obesity, general relaxation, You should keep a case at home all the time. Our free book- sagging of stomach, intestines, or pelvic organs, and many let of recipes tells of many dainty desserts and delightful hernias. drinks you can make of It. Send for this booklet at once. Illustrated folder and price-list sent on application. Your grocer or druggist will supply you with WELCH'S if you ask for it. Trial 4-oz. bottle by mall, 10c. Trail case of 12 pints, Mail orders filled within 24 Hours express prepaid east of Omaha, 83.00. THE WELCH GRAPE JUICE CO. Katherine L. Storm, M. D. Westfield, N. Y. 1612 Diamond Street Philadelphia

When you write to our advertisers, please say ' I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." The Prevention SLIGHTLY DAMAGED and Treatment and old editions of our best-selling books at of Tuberculosis greatly reduced prices! HOME AND HEALTH A 600-page compendium of valuable Authoritative Articles by home and health information. We have a few copies of the library edi- Specialists tion that are slightly damaged — scarcely enough to be noticed, but enough so that it is impossible for us in the to sell them as new. The regular price of this edition is $4. While they last, we will send them, Journal of the ppaid,ost- for $2.25 BIBLE READINGS Do you know that more copies of OUTDOOR LIFE this book have been sold in America since it was first published than of The Anti-Tuberculosis Magazine any other book except the Bible? We also have a few damaged library edi- tions of this excellent work, regularly sold at $4. Special price, post-paid 2•25 GREAT CONTROVERSY Invaluable to tuberculosis One of the most widely circulated patients taking the cure, to their of all of our books. Every home should have a copy. We are anxious families, to physicians, nurses, to close out the old edition, so that we may have none in stock but the social workers, and laymen in- new. The old edition is as good as it ever was — and the principal differ- terested in the campaign. ence between it and the latest edition is the illustrations. Regular price, li- brary binding, $4. Special 75 10 cents a copy, $1.00 a year price, post-paid Heralds of the Morning Six selected back numbers We are sacrificing over one-half to close out the old edition of this book, containing helpful articles, simply that we may have' only the new edition on our shelves. No book so cents, prepaid. we publish has been more popular with those who are interested in the second coming of Christ than " Her- alds of the Morning." The cloth edi- tion sells regularly at $2. Special price to close out the old edition, post-paid, go cents. Morocco bind- ing, regular price, $4: spe- Journal of the cial price $1.40 OUTDOOR LIFE Write at Once, While the Supply Lasts 2 Rector Street, New York City Review & Herald, Washington, D. C.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your 'ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." This Issue

F we do not have the privilege of living in the sun-kissed land described in the article by Mr. James, we may at least learn, every one of us, to understand better and to love more the out-of-doors. After all, the coun- try right around us has just as much enchanting beauty as that de- scribed, awaiting the interpretation of some appreciative bard. With this issue we begin a series of articles by Dr. H. J. Achard, already known to old readers of LIFE AND HEALTH. The series on "The Home Care of Consump- tives," which will be continued during several numbers, while in some ways heretical,— and what thinking man is not a heretic? — is full of practical instruc- tion on a most important theme. Mrs. R. S. Cummings, by means of a storyette, " Joy and Peace Restored," gives some valuable hints to mothers, which may be the means of effecting a great economy of time and a saving of nervous energy. Barnum used to say that the American people love to be fooled. They do not. They are chagrined when they find they have been duped; but a vein of credulity in a large proportion of people leads them to open themselves to some new fraud as soon as the true nature of an old one is demonstrated. The articles by Dr. Cramp, on "Gas-Pipe Therapy," begun in this number, throw light on one phase of the great American game of fisherman and sucker. The statement, "A sucker is born every minute, " is, perhaps, no exaggeration, in view of the large sums of money that pass into the hands of unscrupulous scoundrels. One of the marks of civilization is the improved attitude toward the insane. Specialists have long ago come to recognize the mentally deranged as a class requiring hospital treatment rather than prison treatment. Dr. Wagner's article brings this changed attitude home to the laity, and makes some suggestions which may be the means of preventing or alleviating mental trouble. Mr. Ballou has written a series of articles, "The Law of Rest in the Healing of Disease, " said by some readers to be the best exposure of the weakness of Chris- tian Science, New Thought, and the like. The third article of the series appears in this issue. The final article will appear in the next issue. In connection with Mr. Ballou's article, "Unnecessary Loads," by Mrs. Helena H. Thomas, may be read with profit. "The Prevention of Colds" contains excellent spring-weather advice. The Next Issue For April we again have so much matter in hand we hardly know how to crowd it all in. Among the important articles are: — By Dr. Cramp, the conclusion of "Gas-Pipe Therapy. " By Mr. James, "Surprises of the Out-of-Doors." By Dr. Achard, "Fads in the Treatment of Tuberculosis," the second of his series on "The Home Care of Consumptives." By G. D. Ballot], conclusion of the series "The Law of Rest in the Healing of Disease." By H. W. Francis, "Behind the Immoralities, " which seeks to lay the blame for crime where it rightfully belongs. By W. J. Cromie, instructor of gymnastics, University of Pennsylvania, "Com- mon Sense Eating and Drinking." By Anne Guilbert Mahon, "Special Exercises for Business Women." By Geo. E. Cornforth, another article on the " Cooking of Vegetables." . By J. R. Leadsworth, B. S., M. D., "Bilious Headaches." If you enjoy the March issue, you will surely want the April number.

CONTENTS FOR MARCH

GENERAL ARTICLES PAGE Restfulness and Peace of God's Out-of-Doors, George Wharton James iso Home Care of Consumptives, H. J. Achard, M. D. 155 Joy and Peace Restored, Mrs. R. S. Cummings 158 Gas-Pipe Therapy, Arthur J. Cramp, M. D. 161 The Emancipation of the Insane, Charles G. Wagner, M. D. 165 The Law, of Rest in the Healing of Disease, G. D. Ballou 169 The Servant Question, F. W. Fitzpatrick 181 The Prevention of Colds, A. P. Reed, M. D. 185 Unnecessary Loads, Helena H. Thomas 186 HEALTHFUL COOKERY Shoots, Stems, Leaves, and Inflorescence, Geo. E. Cornforth 172 EDITORIAL 177 Disease a Bad Habit of Cells — Is It Possible to Be Humane and Yet Inhuman? —The Cause of Infantile Spinal Paralysis. THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AT WORK Among the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru, F. A. Stahl 188 CURRENT COMMENT 190 Exposed Foods — Can We Eat Too Much? — Alcohol and Cell Life. ABSTRACTS 192, 201 A Brief View of Medical History — Overeating: the Great American Crime — The Fallacy of Fighting It Out in Nervous Diseases — Hygiene of the Mouth and Teeth

SOME BOOKS 195 • • • • • • • • IN THE MAGAZINES • 196 NEWS NOTES • • • • • " • • " ...... 198 As WE SEE IT • • 204 Osler's Challenge — To Spit or Not to Spit — Cactus Proved to Be Inert.

Entered as second-class matter June 24, 1904, at the post-office at Washington, D. C., finder the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. TERMS: $1 a year; to cents a copy. Special rates to agents. POSTAGE IS PREPAID by the publishers on all subscriptions to all countries. CHANGE OF ADDRESS.— When a change of address is ordered, both the new and the old address must be given. HOW TO REMIT.— Remittances should be sent by draft on New York, Express-or- der, or Money-order. Cash should be sent in Registered Letter. Address, Life and Health, Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. e Guarantee the reliability of every advertisement inserted in Life and W Health. We want every reader to feel that he can deal with our advertisers with the fullest confidence of fair treatment. If, notwithstanding our most thorough investigation of all advertising submitted for publication, an advertisement should be published through which any subscriber is dishonestly dealt with or imposed upon, we request that full particulars be sent us at once so that we may take proper action for the protection of our readers. In one of these canyons there were hundreds, possibly thousands, of palms native to California. It was a place bathed in a wonderful restfulness, leading the mind almost • irresistibly to a contemplation of God

VOL. XXVI MARCH No. 3 LIFEsIMEALTI-1 1911 THE NATIONAL HEALTH MAGAZINE

AIM: To assist in the physical, mental, and moral uplift of humanity through the individual and the home

Published Monthly GEORGE HENRY HEALD, M. D., EDITOR Washington, D. C.

EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS G. K. Abbot, M. D. D. H. Kress, M. D. H. F. Rand, M. D. W. A. George, M. D. R. S. Ingersoll, M. D.. M. R. C. S., Eng. R. Leadsworth, A. B., M. D. Lauretta Kress, M. D. W. W. Worster, M. D.

A FEW HEALTH BRIEFS

One of Gelett Burgess's clever sayings is In the treatment of the insane, also, play this: " There is work that is work; there is and interesting occupations are proving to play that is play; there is work that is play, be more potent than any other factor in and there is play that is work; and in only restoring the mental condition to the one of these lies happiness." It is only in normal. furnishing work that is play that we can Ill fully accomplish our object.— Occupation as a Therapeutic Agent in Insanity, Dr. Mary Children counted as " backward " and Lawson Neff, in Medical Record. " defective," who have been a source of despair to teachers after the old methods, are, through play and interesting occupation, "Interesting work is, psychologically developed into useful citizens. speaking, play." The playground properly supervised and the children's garden in which the occupa- Uninteresting play is, by the same token, tions, because of the intense interest they work. afford, partake of the nature of play, do more than any other factor in reducing ju- venile delinquency. Play, because of interest, is a much more powerful mental and physical developer ite than work. " All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

The most useful work, done in a per- functory manner, only makes the doer a A potato carried in the pocket is an effi- cient preventive of an attack of rheumatism drudge. — which would never have occurred with- out the potato. 41# The most useless play, entered into with spirit and enthusiasm, tends to perpetuate The potato at least affords mental com- the youthfulness and the mental and phys- fort to the simple-minded. It costs less than ical health of the player. the gas-pipe and other trinkets sold to the gullible as cure-alls, and for this reason it is not so highly esteemed. We do not value that for which we do not have to pay. The greatest good is accomplished when one engages in purposive useful work with tti such enthusiasm that the work becomes Sea water is a most effectual remedy for play to him. certain conditions. But sea water does not lend itself to exploitation. There is no mys- tery about it, and there is an abundant sup- The value of play as a developer is recog- ply; so it may never be popular, though it nized in the fact that no university worthy has more virtue than ninety-nine one hun- of the name attempts to eliminate play as an dredths of the proprietary advertised rem- essential feature of the curriculum. edies. 149 S we grow older, we long for children, so the Lord pitieth them that peace and rest. Life has many fear him." struggles, conflicts, heartaches, It is well for one when he comes to worries distresses, burdens, and sor- this period in his life if he has learned rows, as well as joys, happiness, pleas- what I might term the spirituality of ures, and loves. We desire surcease God's great out-of-doors. For then he from the struggles and burdens. That discovers that these mountains, valleys, we need not have had woes with our canyons, oceans, islands, plains, deserts, burdens; that we need not have had forests, clouds, sky, and other things, worries with our sorrows ; that we which he has come to regard as mere need not have had defeats and heart- nature, in reality possess within them- aches with or after our conflicts, does selves many characteristics which lead not alter the facts. We have had the mind to the contemplation of their them, or think we have, forgetful of divine Author. the promise of the Master, " Seek ye Sorrow is often the only teacher from first the kingdom of God, and his right- whom men will learn this lesson. Sor- eousness; and all these things shall be row and the burdens of life drove added unto you." So we long for rest Moses forth into the wilderness, but it after the strife, even though convinced was there he saw the " burning bush." that the pain of the strife was unneces- Elijah was bowed down with the weight sary. of griefs and woes when he went forth How full the Bible is of suggestions into the wilds, but it was there that God of the comforting power of God : he is passed by and he. heard his voice. our shepherd; he leadeth us through Driven into the wilderness by heart- green pastures and beside the still breaking sorrows and the burdens of the waters; he comforteth as a mother corn- sin of the world, Christ gained strength forteth; " as a hen gathereth her chick- to come back and drink the last final cup ens," so would he gather us ; " he know- in triumph. eth our frame; he remembereth that we When the heart has been weaned away are dust; " " like as a father pitieth his from the deceiving pleasures of the world 150 FIG. I There is a quiet serenity in such a mountain snow scene that, " like the sound of a great Amen, comes to one's fevered spirit with a touch of infinite calm " by sorrow and pain, one dimly begins to urated with rain. I have sat out and discern the spiritual in nature and fly watched the most stupendous display of to it. How like a child flying to its forked lightning that eye of man ever mother's bosom when injured or made gazed upon. At first sight my compan- afraid ! Happy the man who, like dear ions and T were almost paralyzed with old Gilbert White, of Selborne, England, fear of it; then the thought arose that or Thoreau, or John Burroughs, or John even these manifestations were an ex- Muir, learns this lesson early. Such pression of some thought in the mind of men learn the lessons of the out-of- God, and that if we could but realize it, doors in a closer sense than the majority we might learn an important lesson from of mankind, and the result is they escape it. So, although afraid, I came out to most of the petty trials and worries, the see this wonderful display of God's fire- burdens and distresses that generally works. I have been in cloudbursts, and harass and disturb their fellows. seen the Colorado River in the heart of I have learned to love nature in all the Grand Canyon rise sixty feet in one her moods,— in the stormy, tempestu- hour. My companions and I have bat- ous, torrential, cyclonic moods, as well as tled to push our boat through miles of in the more peaceful ones. I have been dangerous quicksand, where even the in storms when for days and nights at a Indians contended that we could never time my companions and I did not wear pass. In all these apparently adverse a dry thread of clothing, or sleep one manifestations of nature, there has been moment save in blankets thoroughly sat- hidden something of joy, something of i51 FIG. 2 A glacial lake arrests and holds the strenuous racer through life, and he sits down perforce, and soon relaxes physically and mentally beauty, something of strength, that with- desolation — the emptiness of life appar- out those experiences I should never ently swept bare of everything — have have known. allurements, attractions, richness of It was not until I had leirned much color, ecstacies of feeling, that no other of the sterner moods of life that I be- place in the world affords. gan to understand, appreciate, and seek Then I found leading down into these the sweet peace and restfulness that na- vast desert areas, numerous canyons, ture so abundantly knows how to impart. each one of them with a charm and There once came an epoch in my life a beauty peculiarly its own. In one when it seemed that an avalanche dashed (frontispiece) there were hundreds, pos- over me, the earthquake shook down sibly thousands, of palms native to Cali- everything that I had erected, and the fornia, palms found nowhere else in the cloudburst swept it all away. There world. Under the shelter of these ma- seemed to be nothing left. Then it jestic giants, which can live only with was I learned to appreciate to the full their feet in the water and their heads the peacefulness and restfulness of na- in the burning sun, I found a peace and ture. I hastened to the desert, and rest that I had never before. known. It there in perfect solitude regained what was a place bathed in a wonderful rest- I had lost of spiritual equilibrium. In fulness, leading the mind almost irre- those immense, wide stretches of nature sistibly to a contemplation of God. I learned to take a larger outlook upon At another time I fled to the Sierras life, and to realize that barrenness and in wintertime (Fig. I), and there learned 152 FIG. 3 I have seen Mt. Shasta wreathed in a filmy veil of cloud, as soft and delicate, as refined and ethereal, as the daintiest bridal veil ever devised by man the marvelous peace and rest found in never tires. They arrest and hold one; the snow-clad mountain landscape where and the strenuous racer through life, sits all the slopes are covered with towering down perforce, and soon relaxes phys- trees, each of which bears its heavy and ically and mentally in the presence of beautifully perfect load of snow. There their calm, quiet, peaceful serenity. is a quiet serenity about such a scene as Who has not felt the sense of peace this from which one can never escape. and restfulness in sight of one of the Like " the sound of a great Amen," it stupendous mountains of the world ? comes " to one's fevered spirit with a How calm, majestic, noble, grand, these touch of infinite calm. It quiets pain immovable mountains are! They have and sorrow, like love overcoming strife, stood the storms of thousands of years, and seems the harmonious echo from and yet they present the most placid, our discordant life." Feverishness, the serene, and beautiful faces, their sum- heat of passion, man's anger, hatred, and mits outlined against a perfect blue sky, all the burning and inflaming passions of inviting man to lose his sense of hurry, life, simply cease to exist in the presence bustle, restlessness, in the deep folds of of such calm, peaceful restfulness as this. their tree-clad slopes. I have seen Mt. It is in the mountains, too, that you Shasta (Fig. 3) wreathed in a filmy veil learn the peacefulness and restfulness of of cloud as soft and delicate, as refined lakes. (Fig. 2.) There are no more and ethereal, as the daintiest bridal veil soothing and quiet spots than the glacial ever devised by man. Nay, refine the lakes of the high Sierras. One sits and finest veil a thousandfold, and it still looks at them with a fascination that would not be as delicate as this filmy 153 FIG. 4 What a wonderful thing is night, when all nature itself seems hushed to rest! veil of peacefulness floating over the thing is night, when all nature itself face of this giant monarch of the ages. seems hushed to rest ! In the large cities, And, thank God, while stupendous life would be impossible to one of my mountains are to be found only here and temperament were it not for the sooth- there on the earth's surface, there is ing, restful night of peace, which quiets scarcely a habitable country on the globe all the feverish pulses of the day, stills without its pastoral scenes, where quiet the noises and the confusion, and renders rivers (see title illustration) sleepily undisturbed sleep possible. flow through tree-clad fields, where the Words are feeble things to describe gentle lowing of kine, the calls of the what nature gives to man of restfulness lambs to the sheep, the whole scene made and peace. There is but one way of musical with the songs of the birds, really knowing it, and that is unreserv- make one think of the " green pastures " edly to trust yourself to nature at every and " still waters " which restore the possible opportunity until the peaceful- soul. • ness and restfulness, which are among Then, too, everywhere we have the the most important elements of her spirit, peace and quiet and restfulness of the flow naturally and abundantly into your night. (Fig. 4.) What a wonderful own soul. 154 14C, O.Dt ON .LIINIPTIVf, Pc1. Ac hard, M.D

T is a pleasing innovation that before Christ, when a very careful and physicians find encouragement detailed description of the disease and a in giving to the laity informa- description of its treatment were given tion on problems of sanitation and hy- by one of the most noted physicians of giene and even on questions concerning all times, down to the present day, many diseases, and it is a subject for physicians have studied consumption, congratulation that the public are inter- have experimented in regard to it, have ested in so many questions of this nature. attempted special methods of treating In years gone by the physician used to it and curing it ; and just about one be considered as a sort of magician who, hundred years ago it was , very much to in some inscrutable manner, influenced the fore, through the investigations of the diseased body so that more or less some French pathologistS, who helped suddenly the disease which his patients materially in bringing about the happy were suffering from would disappear. results we have witnessed in the last People are beginning to understand that thirty years. there is absolutely no sorcery, nothing Paradoxical as it may seem, tubercu- mysterious about it ; that we physicians losis is perhaps the most curable disease can not cure disease,— if you wish to that man is subject to; and, on the other be absolutely exact,— but that we can hand, consumption is the most difficult only guide nature and support the dis- disease that physicians are called upon eased organism in such a manner that it to treat. Let us see what we understand shall be able to fight against the offend- by these terms. Tuberculosis is a disease ing substances in its economy which which may affect any organ of the body, have produced the disease; and just be- but most frequently attacks the lungs. cause this is being more fully under- It is due to the action of the tubercle stood, the work of physicians, in a great bacillus, a microscopical fungus discov- many ways, is becoming easier; for if we ered by Robert Koch in 1882. When tu- can work with our patients, or, reversely, berculous disease is well established, a if our patients will work with us instead destruction or wasting of tissue occurs, of simply passively adhering to direc- and we have consumption, which thus tions, our endeavor will be so much more forms the later and terminal stage of tu- successful. berculosis. There are a great many things in re- The tubercle bacilli may be introduced gard to tuberculosis and consumption into the body years before consumption that have puzzled investigators for many occurs, and one noted German scientist centuries. Ever since five hundred years has even asserted that the infection oc- curs, through the agency of milk, in in- This lecture, delivered at the Chicago pub- fancy, and that, therefore, consumption lic library,' Saturday evening, Nov. 5, 191o, was the first of a series delivered under the au- is but the end of the song which was spices of the Chicago Medical Society. sung at the cradle. This opinion is un- 155 156 LIFE AND HEALTH doubtedly not only extreme but incor- year are due to progressive pulmonary rect, because only a relatively small tuberculosis ; so that a great many more number of cases of tuberculosis are due people become tuberculous than die of to milk infection; and if milk infection tuberculosis; which establishes the fact were of such immense importance, the that tuberculosis is an essentially curable frequency of infantile tuberculosis would disease. On the other hand, once a pa- be far greater than it is. In countries tient has arrived at the destructive stage where cow's milk is not used at all, of tuberculosis, at consumption, the dis- where, therefore, the possibility of milk ease is extremely difficult to treat. This infection is eliminated, tuberculosis is is largely on account of the chronic just as frequent as where milk forms a nature of the affection, which takes a. staple article of diet. very long course. It runs anywhere The fact that small infants are not at from three to five or seven and some- all resistant to tuberculosis further op- times more years before it terminates, al- poses this theory; and, while for later most invariably fatally, if the disease has periods of age tuberculosis is one of the progressed at all before it is taken in most curable diseases, in the first six hand. months of life the mortality from tuber- Then, again, the disease has many pe- culosis is one hundred per cent. The culiarities, one of which is that it often essential curability, however, of tubercu- causes exacerbations. There may be an losis in -adult life is easily proved if we acute aggravation, followed by a remis- consider the fact that out of one hundred sion and a period of health, during which so-called healthy, or presumably healthy, the patient feels completely well. The persons, at least eighty have had at one fever disappears; night-sweats cease; the time or another tuberculosis in a more or patient feels like new, and says, " I am less mild degree. Their individual nor- cured, I am all right." Then he goes mal resistance was sufficient to overcome to work, and possibly gets careless, and this infection and to prevent progressive the first unfavorable accident, such as disease. taking cold, such as an undue amount of It was shown six years ago by a pa- work, such as excesses, may cause the thologist in Zurich that out of one hun- tubercle bacilli in his body to be reacti- dred patients dying of other diseases, vated. The disease takes a new start, ninety-four showed traces of tuberculo- and proceeds to a further degree. A lit- sis. Nor was he the first one to say it. tle more of the lung is destroyed, and In 1837, a French pathologist found that then perhaps the process is arrested out of fifty inmates of an old ladies' again. And so it goes on, sometimes for home, forty-seven showed traces of tu- months, sometimes for years, until per- berculosis; and these women had lived haps, for some reason or another, in most unfavorable conditions before for instance, through an acute intercur- being admitted to the asylum. All these rent disease like influenza, the tubercu- women had at one time or another had losis becomes acute, rapidly progressive, tuberculosis, and the disease had been and fatal. arrested, had ceased to be progressive, The Care of Consumptives and had clinically been cured. The care of consumptives includes While thus let us say eighty per cent two important phases, which may be sub- of all the people have at one time or an- divided in various ways. The two prin- other had tuberculosis, only about eleven cipal considerations are, first, the care per cent of all deaths in the course of a of the consumptive as a patient, and, sec- GENERAL ARTICLES 157 ond, the care of the consumptive as a nurse are necessary to act as a corollary possible source of infection for others, to the advice of the physician; and in or the prevention of the spread of infec- that respect the patients who are mem- tion. While the second does not, per- bers, if I may use the expression, of tu- haps, strictly belong under the subject berculosis dispensaries, are very well off, heading of my lecture to-night, it is of because they receive the gratuitous serv- immense importance, and I should hardly ices of physicians and nurses. After feel justified in not considering it. I the doctor has examined the patients and shall therefore try to discuss it as fairly has decided upon their treatment and as may be. care, the nurses visit the homes, and To begin with the care of the con- see that the directions of the physician sumptive himself. There is one point are properly carried out. They see that which I feel obliged to impress upon you the house and homes are arranged as most, and that is this fact, that a person well as possible for the benefit of the suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis tuberculous patient, as well as for the which is progressive, or active, should, benefit of the family; see that proper under no condition, depend upon him- medicines are taken ; that a proper self for the needed efforts to fight his amount of food is ingested; that proper disease, but should always be under the exercise is indulged in; that proper rest care of a physician and of a nurse, even is administered. The nurse, in short, 'if such a patient is not able to pay for a gives instructions, and sees that the di- physician's services and assistance. It is, rections of the physician are carried out. as I have already intimated, for a great Again, it is extremely difficult to over- many reasons extremely difficult to treat come all phases of consumption without the disease, and there are many things some assistance in the way of medicine, which might be injurious to the patient; by which I mean any kind of remedial he might very easily hurt himself un- agent, whether drug or mechanical treat- wittingly by some exposure or exertion ment; and for this, of course, the advice which he hardly realizes to be such ; he of a physician is needed. Except by might act very foolishly in a great many the advice of a physician, consumptives ways, and harm himself, preventing his should never take any medicine what- recovery, and, on the other hand, encour- ever, and especially should they never aging his disease to progress the more buy any " consumption cures," so called, rapidly. But not only for this guarding because there are a great many medi- against of accidents, but more especially cines recommended for the use of for the proper guidance in the search for consumptives, principally quack medi- health, in the struggle against this invid- cines, advertised in the daily press and ious and treacherous disease, the serv- highly lauded as specifics for consump- ices of a physician are necessary. tion, or, better, against consumption, On the other hand, the services of a that are extremely harmful. Most of them simply dull the symptoms, and do not in any way assist in overcoming the disease or in arresting it, and for this reason it is most important that a phy- sician should have the supervision. SAY, Mabel, I'm getting tired stretched out on the couch in the bay of this thing of coming home window, but before reading he said — to dinner and waiting until " Mabel, you seem to have unusually there's no time left to eat; can't you have hard work in managing the children. I dinner ready at twelve sharp? " , These don't believe you understand how to ac- were the words of the ambitious Mr. complish your work and care for the Cleveland as he walked into the kitchen, babies, too. How would you like to at- where his wife was struggling to get din- tend the mothers' meeting held once a ner ready to serve, with a boy of three week at the club-house ? I don't know poking his finger into the butter on the much about it, but perhaps you could table, and a wee baby girl of ten months. get some ideas that would make it easier tied in a high-chair, crying vigorously in to manage your home duties. Get Alice her vain efforts for freedom. Newman to come to-morrow afternoon " Please don't scold, dear," said Mabel, and stay with the children, and then you as she turned her warm, tired face to can go down to the club-house. Here is greet her husband. " If you knew all I ten dollars with which to pay Alice and have had to endure this morning, you do what you like down-town." wouldn't wonder that dinner is late." " You are a good boy, Jack, and I do " Perhaps ,that is so, but if it only want to have things more pleasant for happened once in a while I wouldn't you ; but somehow I don't seem to man- mind, but it is nearly every day. Per- age the babies very well. I hope they haps I would better take dinner down- will have some real practical ideas at the town," said Mr. Cleveland, as he turned mothers' meeting to-morrow. Come, I to the empty table in the dining-room. guess everything is ready now." " No, please don't do that. I see so The dinner was soon eaten. Mr. little of you as it is." Cleveland rushed off to his office, and Mr. Cleveland got a paper, and Mabel was left to finish her day's work. 158 GENERAL ARTICLES 159

The next day things went about the spite of the new arrangement, she was same, but Mabel got off in time for the delighted. After a few trials, the pen meeting. As she entered the door, Mrs. was unhooked at the corners and put to Barton met her with a cordial greeting, gether in a sunny part of the dining• and introduced her to a number of the room, where, when Mrs. Cleveland was ladies. Soon the chairman called the busy with cooking so baby couldn't be meeting to order. After the formal watched, Dorothy could still play with opening, a paper was read by Mrs. Mar- her blocks and rag doll, and even help tin, who had such a charming matronly herself to walk by going around the in- appearance and winning ways that every side, holding to the top rail. When she one was ready to give attention, espe- was tired, she sat down on the pillows cially Mrs. Cleveland. All knew Mrs. put on the floor for her comfort. Martin would be practical, for she was It was just a week after the meeting the mother of five dear children, three at the club-house that things were run- girls and two boys, and she always knew ning well. What a different picture what she was talking about. The subject when Mr. Cleveland came home to din- of her paper was, ner ! The table "Some Little was spread, and Comforts for His mother had even Majesty the Baby, put a bowl of Also the Young sweet peas in the Mother." Follow- center. As he en- ing this was a tered the dining- demonstration on room, baby looked the proper cooking up from her cor- of grains and veg- ner and smiled, etables, and then and Harry hur- the close of the riedly put the last meeting. block in the toy- All the way home Mrs. Cleveland was box and ran to climb up on papa's planning on carrying out at least two of shoulder. They trotted off into the Mrs. Martin's suggestions. That eve- kitchen, and there was Mabel, calm and ning after the babies were asleep, Mabel self-possessed, just turning the soup into and Jack sat in the library, and had a the tureen. Even the potatoes looked discussion on the paper heard at the club- cleaner as they lay in the open oven. house. " Well, Mabel, how does the pen As a result, early the next morning work ? " Mr. Cleveland was whistling gaily in the " Can't you see, Jack? I don't see tool-house, where he was starting to why we couldn't have thought of that make an enclosure for baby Dorothy, long ago. It is the greatest comfort to 4 x 6 feet, and four rails high, called in both baby and me. She doesn't have to the paper, a " pen," or " baby yard." In sit in the high-chair and get so tired, a few days, by using his odd minutes, but can play about in perfect safety ; and it was finished, and at Mrs. Martin's sug- more than that, I can get a good dinner gestion placed on the grass first, so as to and have it on time, too, so now you make a good impression on Dorothy, as won't need to think of going anywhere already several' months of her existence else for dinner. Come, let us eat while had accustomed her to other plans. In things are hot. Come, Harry, let mama 160 LIFE AND HEALTH put on your bib while papa puts sister and mama made a bed in one corner on in her chair." the pillows, where the baby was placed How pleasant this picture in contrast for his nap when it was convenient. with the other! Later, as he grew older, he would waken One other suggestion from Mrs. Mar- all alone sometimes, and if mama hap- tin's paper was carried out later when pened to be in another room, he would baby Russell made his appearance, and creep off the pillows, and be playing with that was the use of the sleeping-bag. a string of spools or some other simple Mrs. Cleveland had always had a time yet marvelous thing. trying to keep her babies covered at Little by little the baby began to exer- night. She had pinned them in and cise himself by taking hold of and sha- rolled them in and king the sides of so on ; but nothing the pen, and his was very satisfac- life was a happy tory. So for Rus- one. When mama sell, besides his was too busy to let four outing-flannel him be out in the nightgowns, s h room, Harry made an equal would take him number of sleep- with Dorothy to ing-bags. These ride in his new were made by sim- wagon, or he ply folding two would entertain yards of twenty- himself in the pen, seven-inch material together and sewing which sometimes was in the house and up both sides, leaving the corners square sometimes outdoors where he could so as to give him plenty of room to watch the older children make mud pies, stretch his arms as he grew older. They and 0, how he wanted to get his wrig- were buttoned in front, and had a soft gling fingers into that pan of mud ! neck-band, to avoid danger of choking After about fourteen to sixteen by use of a string. At the bottom they months, each baby was graduated from were hemmed and a tape put in, so as to the pen, with already some training in close the bag at the feet. In this ar- self-reliance and obedience. Papa Cleve- rangement the new baby was always as land never had half the chance to scold, warm as toast. and Mama Cleveland grew to be a queen Baby Dorothy had outgrown the pen in her happy domain, and often wrote by the time Russell was four months old, helpful things to be read at the club- so papa gave it a fresh coat of paint, house. 0).), ARTHim RAM P,

The Modern Substitute for the Rabbit's Foot and Other Amulets and Charms — No.

HEORETICALLY, most intel- ize this very human weakness, this tend- ligent people accept the tru- ency to mistake sequence for effect, to ism, " Physicians treat ; nature reason post hoc, ergo propter hoc,— cures ; ' practically, they reject it. The " following this, therefore because of healing power of nature — vis medico- this,"— to be able fully to appreciate trix naturce — is to most of us a theory what follows. rather than a condition; an abstraction The Birth of the Gas-Pipe Therapy rather than a fact. A not inconsiderable At first sight it might seem that to proportion of those who are sick, and a attempt to capitalize, as a panacea for still larger percentage of those who all earthly ills, a piece of nickel-plated think they are sick, would get well either brass pipe with a flexible cord attached, without treatment or possibly in spite of would tax the ingenuity of even a get- treatment; but human nature is so con- rich-quick Wallingford. Yet it has been stituted that it desires to credit to human done, and has evidently proved a most agency all favorable changes in physical profitable piece of promoting. The mas- conditions. On this weakness the nos- ter mind that conceived the idea of what trum exploiter fattens, and the founder may be called the gas-pipe cure, was one of healing cults thrives. Hercules Sanche, whose " professional " John Smith is ill, and, after a period, history as recorded in the medical di- gets well again. If during the interim rectories for the past twenty-five years John has taken a widely advertised pat- is enlightening: — ent medicine, the credit for his recovery 1886: Port Gibson, Miss. is given to the nostrum; if he has em- 1890: Detroit; inventor of electropoise. braced the latest healing cult, the ism 1893: Detroit; discoverer of the laws of adds one more cure to its list of victo- spontaneous cure of disease; founder of spontaneous cure school and hos- ries; if John has turned for help to pital. electric belts or magnetic rings, these 1896 : Detroit and New York City; inventor theatrical, but innocuous devices get the of oxydonor and viomotor. 1900: Detroit and New York City; licensed praise; if he has called in the family in medicine 1854; practised medicine physician, to the doctor belongs the exclusively until 1869; practised med- glory. That John Smith would in all icine and diaduction together for comparison from 1885; discoverer of probability have recovered without any diaduction; originator of diaductive artificial assistance, real or imaginary, he practise. is not willing to admit. Whatever he 1902: Chicago, Detroit, and New York City. may have done during the period of his 191o: Detroit and New York City. physical abnormality, he believes that is Sanche's claim to have discovered what cured him,— whether it be Peruna, " the law of the spontaneous cure of Christian Science, electric belts, or the disease " is, of course, an absurd untruth.. doctor's calomel. It is necessary to. real- Natural laws — and this is a natural law 161 162 LIFE AND HEALTH

— are not discov- 011•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• were probably in- ered, but formu- centives for a I lated, and this par- more ambitious at- ticular law was I tempt to humbug formulated centu- the public. San- ries before San- che's later instru- che's time. Had Price Reduced to $10. ment was chris- he dubbed himself 11011.00•INXINIMIDOM100041.1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• tened the oxydo- " discoverer of the FIG. I nor victory (Fig. undeveloped com- Photographic reproduction (reduced) of one of 2), though of late Sanche's early advertisements — the electropoise, mercial possibili- the original gas-pipe cure years the last part ties in the " spon- of the name seems taneous cure of disease," his claim might to have been dropped. have gone unchallenged. The oxydonor differed slightly from The Electropoise the electropoise. It, too, was a nickel- The electropoise,— the original gas- plated metal cylinder, but it was a little pipe cure,— was a hollow, empty, nickel- shorter than its prototype, and, instead plated metal cylinder, not quite four of being empty, it contained a stick of inches long, and weighing somewhat less carbon held in place by means of sealing- than five ounces (Fig. 1). Attached to wax or resin. The most important point the cylinder by a small removable cap of difference, however, was the price; it was a single cloth-covered wire cord. At sold for thirty-five dollars instead of ten the free end of this cord there was a dollars, although the amount asked seems small metal disk that could be attached to have fluctuated during the past fifteen to the wrist or ankle of the user by or twenty years. Possibly waves of cre- means of an elastic band that was fas- dulity sweep over the land at intervals, tened to it. This silly piece of charla- and the greater demand for humbugs of tanry sold for ten dollars. all sorts at such times permits greater To sell the thing it was necessary, of prices to be asked and obtained. course, to give a more or less plausible The price is not the only thing about explanation of its alleged powers. It the oxydonor that has changed with was given: — time; the claims made for the instru- " The electropoise supplies the needed ment have undergone modification. amount of electric force to the system. and More than ten years ago we read : — by its thermal action places the body in condition to absorb " The oxydonor victory gen- .rates or absorbs oxygen from oxygen through the lungs and the water, and forces it by the pores." law of induction through the " It introduces this potent, system." curative agent, oxygen, into the remotest and most recondite More recently, however, it parts." is said: — Meaningless, to be sure ! "Oxydonor causes the body but the unintelligible always to absorb large quantities of appeals to the unintelligent. oxygen — the vitalizer of the FIG. 2 blood — through the myriad The Oxydonor The oxydonor was ad- pores of the skin." The success which attended vertised to cure prac- tically every disease The Force of Diaduction the exploitation of the electro- from toothache to lock- In applying the oxydonor poise and the verification of jaw. This fake has sold at different times for it is essential, so the " in- Barnum's classic aphorism from $1 o to $35. ventor " says,— and if he GENERAL ARTICLES 163 doesn't know, who does? — that the cyl- imaginary hypothesis merely for the inder be placed in a glass jar containing purpose of obtaining a patent on a very cold water, or, preferably, ice-water. simple contrivance, which was not pat- Then, with the disk at the free end of entable unless the claim was reinforced the cord buckled to the bare ankle of the by some such pretended discovery." In individual using it, the " diaductive " any case, whether the " force " was force begins to work. This hypothetical brought into being to further the sale of force,—" diaduction,"— was apparently the oxydonor, or the oxydonor was in- invented by Mr. Sanche about the same vented for the purpose of capitalizing time that he brought the oxydonor into the imaginary force, no one but Sanche existence. In his attempt to prevent imi- knows. That the combination makes as tators from infringing on the patent picturesque a humbug as can be found which he had taken out on the oxydonor, in the history of charlatanry, all who Sanche gave the courts an opportunity have given the matter any study must to express a judicial opinion on his admit. newly invented " force." Here is what The Fraternity of Duxanimm Mr. Justice Shiras (who later became a Nor was Sanche content with this member of the United States Supreme double-barreled, interacting fake. Still Court) said regarding " diaduction : "— further to augment the sale of the oxy- " I am entirely certain that I do not under- donor, he attempted to found a fraternal stand the working of this so-called force, if any such exists, and I greatly doubt whether organization whose aims and objects Dr. Sanche has any clear conception of the were the exploitation of his " pocket dia- force or principle which he seeks to describe ductive instrument " — the oxydonor. under the name diaduction.' " The name given to this organization was And more recently a New York judge "Fraternitas Duxanimce," or " the Fra- said : — ternity of Duxanimae," and its " first " From the record evidence we have tried president " was, of course, Hercules to get some intelligent idea of diaduction.' Sanche. The aims, purposes, and raison We have failed utterly." d'etre of this concern were set forth in a There seems little doubt that the the- book of seventy-six pages — a book with ories enunciated by Sanche were in- an opening sentence four hundred sixty- vented for the ex- eight words long!

press purpose of CONVERTIBLE DONATIONS TO THE FUND OF THE It would be hard to giving " an air of CAUSE OF DUXANIMAE BY DIADUCTION. find within the same dam Mina the Imem..6:7; year Imaz verisimilitude t o a Popular Diadbee.nel Oayele:. dem. ea De. Flea Smnebe, el obi illmb Avelar. tle• Ter. space as much unin- _d At era Pr-°'"` "° bald and otherwise area Oat:,1e . .mme mbe mael.Itzed Att. a= me ea, ea. nY telligible nonsense vi o/ Dame" Dia.. awl a. N.., el Deasels...11 parbm a tn. World. le be Mt by . me . vimosago. wee.. le wr• Odgmeat sad feme.s. unconvincing narra- lweer te,b. ere mem logbelt/yrer. combined with op-

tive." In fact, the Wm mho hereby eq that :hmrftet el per awe Wm mbe m9a4 era bouffe philos- deamtions shall "erne nen-ceaven. as .1. courts have stated febearigeleme bee.. Y Se City el tbe State. ophy and blatant as much ; they have om doe 4.3, egotism as goes to W. Ow mans may end 41., Atm demfa Seuees am lee rigid baed (damn expressed the opin- make up this " lit- ion that the theory erary " production. "is a mere pretense, To attempt to ana- FTC. 3 that is to say, a the- 1 y z e the volume ory not entertained Photographic reproduction (reduced) of part would be as impos- of the form to be filled out by those dupes by the inventor who wish to further " the cause of duxani- sible as it would be in good faith, but mm; " that is, help the sale of oxydonors, and unprofitable, but the furnish Sanche with money for " personal and put forward as an other expenses in travel" crux of the whole 164 LIFE AND HEALTH matter may be summed up in the words : The money thus donated was to be Buy the oxydonor ! " convertible into loans," which would be Nor was this all. Elaborate and ab- paid to the donors or their beneficiaries, strusely worded forms were sent out to " to the proportion of fifty per cent, or be filled and returned by those who were the full amount when current expenses willing to make " donations to the cause are well provided for." Not in cash of duxanimx by diaduction " (Fig. 3). were these loans to be paid, if we read What these donations were for is hinted the contract aright, but " on dues for at in the opening paragraph of the the diaductive treatment of any case of printed forms: — disease . . . or on the regular retail ". . . the undersigned . . . donate to Dr. prices of any diaductive instruments Hercules Sanche, of 261 Fifth Avenue, New [oxydonors !] or devices that, as the head York City, U. S. A., . . . amounts that we of the firm, I manufacture, or of any write on the same line with, or on the line next to our signatures, for his own use in books that as such I publish." Could paying his personal and other expenses in even that visionary but lovable old pro- travel and other incidental costs incurred by moter, Colonel Sellers, have conceived a his promoting the general cause of duxanimer by diaduction . . . to be used by him to the more elaborate way of painlessly and best advantage, according to his own best speedily separating the fool and his judgment and discretion, upon his honor money ? which we trust implicitly herewith." [Italics mine.— A. J. C.] Chicago, Ill. This article was not written for the purpose of casting odium upon one man or one set of men, but to caution readers against some of the schemes for gently relieving them of their money. Millions of dollars are being con- stantly poured into the pockets of smooth talkers, who promise something for nothing or health to the incurable. It would seem that the more brazen and impossible the assertions, the more readily the people are deceived. The gov- ernment has saved millions of dollars sent to these rascals by people with more credulity than judgment; but they can not prevent all fraudulent work. They must first have definite proof of fraud before they can proceed. We urge our readers to learn the lesson, not only regarding the gas- pipe " cures," but regarding all schemes promising or guaranteeing marvelous cures. After all, there is nothing so cheap and so plentiful as pure air and pure water. And that, perhaps, is the reason why these remedies are so gen- erally disregarded. The next issue will contain another paper giving some more astounding facts regarding the gas-pipe therapy.— Ed. The lANDIDATION f ofilxe9 IN sArsc

Charles G. Wagner, M. D., Superintendent Binghamton State Hospital for the Insane, Binghamton, N. Y.

years before Christ (1063 B. c.). The same record tells us that five hundred years later Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, " was. driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was HE subject of insanity has al- wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs ways been of absorbing inter- were grown like eagles' feathers, and his est. Its history runs back nails like birds' claws "— and that after through the ages to the earliest times, six years his reason returned unto him, and its strange phenomena have played and he was re-established in his king- a conspicuous part in human affairs dom. Dan. 4: 33. since the advent of man on earth. In those early times the symptoms of Other affections or diseases cause the insanity were almost universally re- loss of one or more of the bodily organs, garded as manifestations of spirits, but insanity involves the unfortunate sometimes benevolent, sometimes evil or sufferer's whole being, and changes his avenging; and the treatment was relig- relations with the entire external world. ious in character. The " possessed " It robs him of self-control; it takes away were sent to the temples, where the his responsibility before the law, and priests sought, by exorcism, purification, frequently renders him a pitiable, help- ablution, and, sometimes, by the blood less wreck, wholly dependent upon oth- of sacrificial victims, to effect cures. ers for all his wants. It is an ailment Occasionally the patient survived the that comes alike to the rich and to the treatment, and then the cure was poor, and often brings the shadow of ap- ascribed to the appeasement of an of- palling disaster into the home where be- fended deity or demon, and the zeal of fore were happiness and contentment. the priest was rewarded by many and The earliest figure in history present- costly gifts. ing symptoms of mental derangement is Insanity had no recognized status as found in the Old Testament, wherein a disease until the coming of Hippoc- Saul is spoken of as possessed of an rates, the " father of medicine." With evil spirit, and is said to have been so- his advent, 400 B. c., we behold the first laced by the music of David's harp, and physician who recognized the brain as made well again. This was a thousand the organ of the mind, and mental de- 165 166 LIFE AND HEALTH

rangement as the result of brain disease. All over Europe the conditions were After Hippocrates came the Graeco-Ro- practically the same. In Paris as late man school, with Celsus, Aurelianus, and as 1793 the asylums were in a shocking the great Galen, who wrote five hundred condition. Misfortune, infirmity, vice, memoirs and whose ideas had great in- crime, and diseases of the most loath- fluence in his own time and for centuries some character were to be found, in the after. Under the wise teachings of these midst of the most disgusting surround- great physicians, the true nature of in- ings. Men and women were to be seen sanity gradually became more and more covered with filth, cowering in stone appreciated, and a system of treatment cells, narrow, cold, and damp, and fur- was devised which, although crude in its nished solely with straw beds, that were details, was highly creditable. rarely renewed until extremely foul. Unfortunately, the bright prospects Into these frightful dens, in which we with which the Christian era dawned would now refuse to house cattle, the were destined soon to fade away. With unfortunate insane were rudely thrust, the fall of the Roman empire and the and their only attendants were convicts subsequent decline of civilization, the from the prisons. If it happened that whole world lapsed into darkness and they were noisy or violent, the camisole, superstition, and the study of insanity the straight-jacket, or manacles were was lost in the chaos of the Middle Ages. used to keep them quiet. Is it to be Demoniacal possession again became the wondered at that such unhappy wretches, accepted belief and filled all imagina- in their despair and rage, made their dis- tions. Superstition prevailed every- mal quarters resound with their out- where. It was the reign of sorcery and cries and the clanking of their chains? witchcraft, and the noble acquisitions of The belief was well-nigh universal science and religion, the accumulations that the insane could be controlled only of . centuries of loving labor, were to- by harsh measures; so the poor maniac tally destroyed. Barbarism reasserted continued to wear his chains, and to drag itself, and the most cruel tortures that out a miserable existence, until welcome human ingenuity could invent were prac- death came to his relief. Such was the tised on the insane, with the idea of fate of the unfortunate lunatic on the expelling demons from their bodies; and European continent prior to the appear- thousands were burned at the stake for ance of Pinel, whose advent may well the loss of their reason. be counted the beginning of the mod- Toward the middle of the eighteenth ern period in the history of insanity. century, the idea of diabolical agency in It was in 1792 that Dr. Philippe Pinel mental disease again began to give way. became physician in chief at the asylum The study of mental pathology was re- in Paris called the Bicetre, where two vived, and the treatment of the insane hundred male patients were quartered, began to improve; but even then prog- and where the most shocking cruelties ress was slow, and little was done for were habitually practised upon the in- them beyond providing places of deten- mates by their keepers. Pinel had at- tion, where the dark cell, foul air, poor tained some distinction as a physician. food, and chains were their unhappy lot. He was a diligent student of mental dis- Few patients were housed in hospitals or eases, and his first step as the head of asylums, and those who were fared badly the asylum was to discard utterly the enough, as the so-called hospitals were in whole doctrine of spiritual influence as reality little less than prisons. a cause of insanity. He held to the GENERAL ARTICLES 167 theory that mental derangement was the plish this end, nature does her part by result of physical disease, and undertook surrounding each cell with a network of to prove that kindness, good food, and little vessels, which help to hold it in proper hygienic surroundings would go its proper place, and through which the far toward curing disordered minds, heart sends the blood stream, loaded with while brutality and chains only tended nourishment, rushing with endless cur- to confirm the malady. rent while we sleep as well as during our He went to the dismal quarters in the waking hours. wards of the asylum, where fifty-three For protection from injury she en- men were in chains, some of them hav- velops the brain in a strong, tough mem- ing been thus confined for many years, brane, called the dura mater ; and over and brought them forth from their dun- this she places the skull, with its thick, geons and cells. He gave them light, bony walls in the form of an arch, well air, and the food they needed. In place calculated to guard the delicate struc- of chains he clothed them, and instead tures underneath from external violence. of harsh commands he spoke to them in Notwithstanding the great care nature mild and kindly language. The treat- takes to protect the brain from external ment was simple, but the effect was injury, this vital organ is extremely vul- magical. To the surprise of the attend- nerable to attacks from within. The ants, who expected to see the maniacs ever-flowing blood stream not only bears ferociously attack their liberator, those the food supply for the brain cells, but it who had been the most fierce when also carries to them the deadly poison chained left off their ravings with their of alcoholic stimulants, and the equally manacles, and showed no disposition to dangerous drug intoxications, especially make violent use of their new-found opium and cocain, when these substances freedom. Strange as it may seem, it is are used to excess. Such poisons inevi- recorded on excellent authority that the tably impair the mental powers of the lunatic who had been regarded as the individual, and are frequently important, most dangerous madman, and who had factors of what may be called the pre- survived forty years of inhuman treat- ventable causes of insanity. There are ment, was afterward known as the faith- also many other causes which may be ful and devoted servant of Pinel. Thus, classed as preventable; among them are in Paris, more than one hundred years bad hygienic surroundings, insufficient ago began the movement which we may food, syphilitic infection, and the intense justly regard as having resulted in the struggle for existence which modern so- universal emancipation of the insane. cial conditions impose upon many inhab- Appreciation of the true nature of itants of large cities, especially in the insanity as a mental disorder due to dis- crowded tenement districts. ease of the brain, has been steadily grow- To recognize the early symptoms of ing during the past century, and to-day insanity is not always easy, even for the the insane man is everywhere looked trained physician, and it is still more dif- upon as a sick man in need of care and ficult for the layman. No general rules treatment. The human mind may be governing diagnosis can be laid down ; roughly defined as the functional activity but when a marked change in an indi- of the brain cells, and the maintenance vidual's habit of thought, feeling, and of these brain cells — this wonderful conduct is observed, and especially when mind tissue — in a healthy state is es- such change is accompanied by the ex- sential to the sound mind. To accom- pression of delusions, mental unsound- 168 LIFE AND 1-1ALTI-1

ness is to be apprehended. For example, the patient's mind, and his entire envi- if a careful, prudent business man, of ronment is made comfortable and home- •strong religious convictions and high like. The greatest amount of individual moral principles, suddenly neglects his liberty consistent with safety is al- business, becomes profane, immoral, and lowed, and each patient is encouraged careless of public opinion, suspicion as to spend much of his time in the open to his sanity is warranted. An eminent air. divine forsakes his ordinary walk of life, Many light occupations are devised, and frequents the race-track and the such as rug, broom, and brush making, gambling-den. Here again is such a basket weaving, sewing, shoemaking, marked departure from normal conduct gardening, etc.; for it is a well-known that suspicion of insanity is at once fact that when an insane patient can be aroused. In determining the mental induced to employ his hands in some state, comparison is always to be made useful occupation, his mind is less given between the individual's symptoms at to introspection, and his chances of re- the time of observation and his previous covery are proportionally increased. habit of thought, feeling, and action, The treatment of the insane to-day when he was known to be in a state of may be summed up as the provision of mental health. proper medical attendance, good nursing, The treatment of insanity requires suitable diet, baths, entertainment, con- knowledge and skill not ordinarily pos- genial occupation, and pleasant sur- sessed by physicians in general practise; roundings, all of which are to be found nor is the home of the patient usually a in the most effective form in our hos- suitable place for the care of such cases. pitals especially designed for the care For these reasons and others of impor- of such cases. Some cases of insanity tance, nearly every State in the Union are practically hopeless from the begin- has provided hospitals for the insane, ning of the disease, but in a large per- with special equipment for their care centage of the cases a cure may be ef- and treatment. Skilled physicians and fected if treatment is- begun before trained nurses are employed, and the chronicity is established. It is, there- best sanitary appliances of every kind fore, of the utmost importance that the that may contribute to recovery are early symptoms of mental unsoundness provided. Such institutions maintain be recognized, and that remedial meas- schools for the training of nurses; and ures of appropriate character be insti- the doctrine that kindness will tend to tuted at the earliest possible moment. restore a disordered mind to health, To bring the facilities of State hospi- while harshness only confirms the mal- tals for the insane more easily within the ady, is everywhere a fundamental prin- reach of incipient cases in need of care ciple of instruction. and treatment, some of the States, no- In these hospitals the old-time me- tably New York, have made provision chanical restraints, such as manacles, for the admission of patients on their chains, straight-jackets, camisoles, mit- own application without legal procedure tens, etc., which were once the main re- of any kind. Such patients simply make liance of every asylum, have been com- application in writing to the superintend- pletely abandoned, together with the cell ent, and agree to give five days' notice solitary confinement, and harsh meas- before leaving the hospital. This ar- ures of every kind. The idea of prison rangement has been found to work well walls is removed as far as possible from in many instances. ccl-ke) "Aleut 0f c,5t) indletkaliu EG(tuo&

NOTE.— This is the third of a series of pa- pers by Mr. Ballou. We give, on the follow- ing page, a very brief synopsis of the matter contained in the first two issues.

Mental Causes and Remedies

F to the adverse mental causes quire further amplification in this ar- already mentioned we add ticle. pride and lust, we have suffi- To lust and pride, surgeons say, are cient to account for perhaps nine tenths due nearly all disorders requiring ab- of all disease. dominal surgery. Are we overstating Pride shapes the choice of clothing as the matter when we affirm with others regards style and material, hampers the higher in authority that nine tenths of human body of civilized women at the all cases of human disease and suffering most vital point, the waist line, exposes, are due directly or indirectly to mental half-clad, the extremities, and deforms causes? the feet by small, ill-fitting shoes. We send missionaries to China to reform the The Remedy pride which leads to foot-binding, while, The most important preventive of suf- through pride, a crusade against life is fering is mental and spiritual training. progressing in America. Many pro- If adverse mental conditions were pre- lapsed organs are traced by surgeons di- vented, or even circumscribed, dire con- rectly to the use of the corset. Lungs sequences might be greatly mitigated. enfeebled by the use of stays have per- If peace, quietness, and repose reign in mitted the lodgment of tubercle bacilli. the human mind, there will be no chance Commercialism conspires with pride for the onset of diseases due to mental to continue the awful tragedy; for " cap- causes. The principles of self-denial ital " has learned that it can make gain and self-control, trained into the life, no more surely than by catering to and would raise a barrier against the flood directing the changes in fashion. of evil emotions which now afflict hu- Lust fastens upon the very life-blood manity. of thousands of victims. There is no town or hamlet or country neighborhood A Perfect Remedy that does not bear testimony on this Right relationship to the Creator is point, and the facts are too patent to re- essential in order that life may prevail in 169 170 LIFE AND HEALTH

all its fulness. " Thou wilt keep him an ecstatic frame of mind evolved from in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed one's own inner consciousness. It is on thee: because he trusteth in thee." just trusting and believing and loving Isa. 26 : 3. him who is the author of all life and Restful, loving confidence in the being. It is feeling at home in the pres- Creator brings perfect peace and pros- ence of his Spirit, which is sent to re- perity, and where peace and prosperity prove and to comfort all his children. prevail there must Partial Mental be health, except Re/mike as some damage Sunlight, air, water, food, clothing, exercise, A mill flume may arise from rest, — these seven. Take care of them, and brings a full sup- physical causes. a kind nature will take care of you. ply of water to For years physical causes of disease have The Master said, received attention. Latterly, the pendulum has keep every ma- " Come unto me, swung the other way, and many are looking to chine running to all ye that labor the mind as the one cause of disease, and the its full capacity. and are heavy la- one means of cure. One night an en- den, and I will A rational view considers both body and emy bores a hun- mind as acting together in the causation of both give you rest." It health and disease. — Synopsis of first ar- dred auger holes is the mission of ticle, October, 1910. in the flume. The the religion of the Seeds of conditions adverse to life were next morning the Bible to work out sown in our natures at an early period ; and mill runs slower, of human minds now we find everywhere doubt, unbelief, and some of the fear, hatred, envy, jealousy, evil surmisings, and hearts all care, anxiety, worry, remorse, agony, despair. machines are not adverse mental These conditions breed death. As all the running fast causes by working possibilities of the oak are pent up in the acorn, enough to do good in favorable men- so the misery and wretchedness of the entire work. tal conditions. race were pent up in the first doubt. This represents Care, anxiety, and worry sap the life forces, Thus religion and and leave their victim weak and spiritless. the human body true hygiene work Remorse and despair prepare for the suicide's when under the hand in hand, re- end. We do not have to reflect long to bring influence of ad- deeming this life to mind scores of cases of chronic conditions verse mental con- which prove that unhappy mental moods tend from evil conse- ditions. What to sickness and death. — Characteristic quo- quences and turn- tations from second article, December, shall we do? We ing it into channels 1910. may go at once of rest, peace, and and stuff the holes repose. Perfect full of sod, grass, rest and peace leave no room for leaves, or mud, and secure a fair doubt or fear or wrath or envy, nor supply of water once more; but we for worry, care, or anxiety. Pride know these repairs will soon decay, and lust and all evil mental states and the flume will leak as badly as will flee apace before that fellowship before. The only permanent remedy is with the personal Creator which comes to rebuild the flume with new material to those who seek it. This fellowship is of the original kind. Anything that will just as real and just as easily attained diminish the leakages of body energy as that which springs up between a true and bring in a measure of mental peace parent and a true child that has never and quietness, will also bring a measure been deceived. It is not a far-away of physical health and comfort to the dream nor a phantasm of the mind nor body. The assurances of the doctor, the GENERAL ARTICLES 171 cheerful, happy moods of some loved perverted mind, it may, like a spring friend, a journey among new scenes, from which the load is suddenly re- mental diversion by music, mirthfulness, moved, come back quickly to its normal expectation, or curiosity,— anything, in condition. fact, to draw the mind from its old These results are no more marvelous moods, such as promises of cure and than that water will quench thirst or false suggestions,— will produce a meas- fire warm the body ; but the devout dis- ure of confidence, trust, and rest. Even ciple of these systems of healing in- a pleasing falsehood may be made to terprets the operations of this natural minister healing and comfort to the law of rest as marvelous instances of afflicted one. divine healing. This is made possible be- Trust in a heathen joss may bring tem- cause of the vague, undefined sentiment porary rest and cure. Occultism and that prevails everywhere, that whatever mysticism have in them curative power is accomplished for the human body by because they excite curiosity and expec- other than physical means must be by tation, and satisfy the love of the mar- divine interposition. velous, thus diverting the mind away Here, then, are results due entirely to from its distressing states. mental causes of which the people know It is so easy for man to interpose his comparatively nothing. If 'the healer personality, his influence,— they call it professes to use some occult method, magnetism in these times,— that this is the occultism gets the credit. If Chris- the course usually pursued by the so- tian Science is managing the sleight-of- called mental and divine healers. Like mind performance, Christian Science Simon of old, they give out that " them- gets the credit, and of course to the pa- selves are some great ones." Then the tient this proves the doctrine true. Now enchantment begins, and sufferers forget all these instances of physical restoration their troubles ; and the organs that, by modern healers might be fully accom- through worry, care, anxiety, or perhaps plished by any one through any other through fear of hell or remorse of con- means which would restore the mind to science, have been robbed of vitality, a state of rest or attract it away from once more rally and return to compara- its destructive moods. tive health. It is such results that have Hypnotism is doing the same thing. given reputation to several flourishing but in a more arbitrary and unnatural systems of healing. manner. One human mind is induced to submit fully to another, when a condi- Sudden Relief tion follows in which the subject loses Sometimes sudden, or reasonably sud- all self-control and all responsibility, and den, relief follows the restoration of par- through the suggestions of the operator tial confidence and rest of mind, and this the mind is at least temporarily changed is heralded as a miracle of divine power. so that the tobacco or liquor or other Now if sudden fear or the agony of physical or mental habits become repug- disappointment can rapidly prostrate one nant to the patient, and a remarkable with a sensitive nervous system, and in cure is reported. But we do not hear some cases cause death, may not a sud- of the relapses which occur in any of den restoration of confidence and hope the cases cured by these various systems. as quickly give relief, and allow the phys- An old mental science healer of twenty-. ical powers to rally? If the body is not five years' experience told me after she too much worn out by the nagging of a (Concluded on page 184) _,--r ELI --af .511t" ...ft, EALTHFU eT177-7_,7,1 ----- tts,.,.. .-.2.---- •• — _. ,,. )/' e---<- ---- K ERY

SHOOTS, STEMS, LEAVES, AND INFLORESCENCE George E. Cornforth EGETABLES belonging to this is done. When it is tender, lift it out of the class are valuable not for the water onto a hot dish, and untie the bunches. Dip nicely prepared thin slices of zwieback amount of nourishment they into the water in which the asparagus was contain but for their mineral matter, boiled. Place each slice on a hot individual which helps to keep the blood in a platter. Put a few stalks of the asparagus on each slice of toast, the tips all the same way, healthy condition. and pour a little cream sauce over the tips. Asparagus Stewed Asparagus FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE Cook the asparagus as in the first recipe. PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL When tender, make a gravy of the water in 2.1 .5 3.8 6.4 which the asparagus was cooked, by adding a Asparagus With Cream Sauce little cream or vegetable oil, and thickening it to the consistency of gravy with flour stirred Wash the asparagus, and break it as far as smooth with cold water. This also may be it is tender into inch-length pieces. Put it to served over slices of zwieback. cook in barely enough boiling water to cover it, and cook it till just tender, which will be Asparagus and Peas twenty minutes if it is young (if it is old, Prepare asparagus as in the first recipe, it may require forty-five minutes), adding salt using with it an equal quantity of green peas. a few minutes before it is done. Drain, saving Celery the water for soup stock, and pour over it a cream sauce. FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL The tough lower portion of the as- 1.3 .3 3.8 5.4 paragus stalk may be used in making Celery is one of the most valued of soup. salad herbs, and one of the nicest flavor- Asparagus Tips on Toast ings. Celery is best when eaten raw, if Wash the asparagus, breaking off the tough fresh, crisp, and tender, but it should be portions. Tie it in bunches of eight or ten thoroughly masticated. To prepare it stalks with the heads even. With a sharp knife cut off the lower ends so that the bunches for the table break the stalks apart, wash will stand upright; and clean them then stand them in a thoroughly with a kettle containing boil- ing water, allowing vegetable b r us h, the heads to be well rejecting any green out of the water. portions and tough Cover the kettle tightly. In t his stalks. Then put way the tips will them in ice-cold be cooked by the water for an hour steam by the time the less tender por- before serving. tion is cooked, and The green portions will not be cooked and tough stalks to pieces. Add salt a few minutes be- may be used in fore the asparagus ASPARAGUS TIPS ON TOAST making soups. 172 HEALTHFUL COOKERY 173

To keep celery fresh when it is not to Cream Celery Toast be used as soon as purchased, wrap the Cut tender stalks of celery into one-fourth- inch pieces, and add them to a nice cream bunches in brown paper, sprinkle them sauce. This should be served on thin slices with cold water, wrap in a cloth wrung of zwieback, which have been slightly mois- out of cold water, and put them in a tened in hot water. cool, dark place. While it seems to me Braised Celery on Toast cooking spoils the flavor of celery, the I pt. water 2 tomatoes or an equal quantity of canned following are good recipes: — tomatoes Stewed Celery r tablespoonful chopped carrot Cut tender stalks of celery into inch-length I tablespoonful chopped turnip pieces. Put it into a stew-pan, and add enough tablespoonful chopped cabbage boiling water to half cover the celery. Put a tablespoonful chopped onion cover on the stew-pan, and cook the celery bay leaf slowly till it is tender. Add salt and a little teaspoonful nut butter cream, and when boiling thicken with a little 1/2 teaspoonful sage flour. tablespoonful browned flour Celery on Toast Mix the ingredients, and stew slowly for one and one-half to two hours, adding boiling Cut tender stalks of celery into pieces about water as it may be necessary to keep the orig- two and one-half inches long. Put them into inal quantity of liquid. Strain through a fine a stew-kettle with sufficient boiling water to strainer and press the vegetables to extract half cover them. Stew till tender, adding salt all the juice. Add salt to this stock, and in just before it is done, and serve on toast in it cook for one hour celery which has been the manner in which asparagus tips on toast cleaned, cut into three-inch pieces, and tied in are served. bundles. When tender, remove the bunches Celery With Tomato Sauce and thicken the stock with one tablespoonful Prepare the celery as directed for stewed of flour stirred smooth with a little cold water. celery, and serve it with — Serve a few pieces of the celery on slices of Tomato Sauce moistened zwieback with some of the gravy I cap of the water in which the celery was poured over them. Spinach cooked cup stewed strained tomatoes FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE 2 tablespoonfuls oil PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL 2 tablespoonfuls flour 2.4 .8 3.7 6.9 1/2 teaspoonful salt " It is a singular fact that the water Heat the tomato and water to boiling, and thicken with the flour rubbed smooth with a drained from spinach after being boiled, little cold water. Add the salt and oil. is capable of making as good match

CELERY, CRISP AND REFRESHING 174 LIFE AND HEALTH paper as that made by a solution of ni- table from very early times. The an- ter." Spinach is valuable as a source of cients thought it was easily digested and iron in the diet. very wholesome. It is, however, when What was said in the previous lesson cooked, one of the least easily digested about the cooking of greens, applies of vegetables. That it is a valuable anti- equally to spinach. Spinach should be scorbutic has long been recognized. carefully looked over, rejecting tough Cabbage contains such a large quantity stalks and imperfect leaves, and should of water that, when dried, the solid sub- be washed in several waters, lifting the stance from a great quantity of cabbage spinach from one pan to another each makes only a small bulk. For this rea- time it is washed, thus allowing the sand son cabbage is dried for the use of trav- to settle to the bottom, to be sure that it elers, or where it is necessary that the is entirely free from grit. Steaming is food be light and occupy little space. the best method of cooking spinach, be- Boiled Cabbage cause it extracts less of the mineral mat- Remove all dried outside leaves, and cut the ter. One should be sure to have enough cabbage into eighths or smaller, removing the spinach, as it shrinks to one tenth or core. Look it over, wash carefully, and put one eighth of its original bulk. it to cook in a small amount of boiling water. Be careful that it does not scorch at first. As Boiled Spinach it cooks, water is extracted from the cabbage, One peck of spinach should be cooked in in which it will cook without scorching. Boil three-fourths cup of water, great care being till tender, which will require from three taken that it does not scorch. When tender, fourths of an hour to two hours, according to drain and press it to extract all the water. the age of the cabbage. Do not cook it too Chop it, and season with salt, and a little long, as this will turn it dark-colored and im- cooking oil. Use sliced hard-boiled eggs to pair its flavor. Add salt and a little vegetable garnish it, and serve lemon quarters with it, cooking oil, when it is about three fourths or lemon juice may be mixed with the spinach. done. Serve with lemon quarters or .pour lemon juice over it. A small amount of the water drained Creamed Cabbage from the spinach may be used in vege- After cleaning and washing the cabbage, cut table soup or broth ; a little of it added it into shreds with a large, sharp knife. Steam to gravy will give a meaty taste. it or boil it in a small quantity of water till tender. Drain off the water, which may be Cabbage used for soup stock, and pour cream sauce FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE over the cabbage. PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL Cabbage in Tomato Sauce 9.I 1.8 .8 6.5 Cook as in the above recipe, using tomato The cabbage has been a favorite vege- sauce instead of cream sauce.

SPINACH WITH EGGS AND LEMON HEALTHFUL COOKERY 175

Chopped Cabbage ter, and then its narcotic property is After cleaning and washing the cabbage, more fully developed. chop it fine and mix with it lemon juice, clear or diluted, a very little salt, and a little sugar. Lettuce is used principally as a gar- Cabbage Salad nish for salads and meats. Those who Prepare the cabbage as in the preceding do not serve meat may use it to garnish recipe, or shred it, and for one pint of the the dishes which replace the meat. cabbage use— Preparation for the Table '/2 cup thick cream Pull the head apart, breaking the leaves tablespoonful sugar from the stalk. Wash it well, and put in ice- 2 tablespoonfuls lemon juice cold water for an hour or more before serving. Mix the lemon juice and sugar. Whip the When ready to use it, shake the leaves dry. cream, not too stiff, carefully mix with it the Serve lemon quarters with the lettuce, or make mixed lemon juice and sugar, and then add a dressing for it of equal parts of lemon juice, it to the chopped cabbage. Slightly sour cream sugar, and water, or a smaller proportion of may be used instead of sweet cream. sugar may be used. Sweet cream, to which a Baked Cabbage little sugar and a pinch of salt have been Prepare and cook the cabbage as for added, may be liked as a dressing. A cream creamed cabbage. Then put it into a baking- dressing, such as was described for cabbage pan in layers with a sauce made by mixing salad, may be used with it. It may be served together the following ingredients, and bake with mayonnaise salad dressing; with lemon till set: — juice, salt, and olive oil; or with the follow- cup milk ing: — beaten egg French Dressing teaspoonful salt 3 tablespoonfuls lemon juice Hot Slaw tablespoonful salad oil 1/2 teaspoonful salt Shred one-half head of cabbage. Put into a stew-kettle the following: — Or — I tablespoonful cooking oil 11/2 tablespoonful lemon juice 3/ cups water 11/2 tablespoonful salad oil 1/2 cup lemon juice 1/2 teaspoonful salt Put in the cabbage and cook till tender. Or — Cabbage and Cream I tablespoonful lemon juice 3 tablespoonfuls salad oil Chop fine one-half head of cabbage. Put it IA teaspoonful salt into a sauce-pan with — The proportions may be varied to suite the r tablespoonful cooking oil taste. Mix the salt and oil together; then A teaspoonful salt whip it vigorously with a batter-whip while tablespoonful flour the lemon juice is slowly added, and the mix- Stir these well together; then add — ture will become creamy. Pour it over the / cup cream lettuce and serve at once. The dressing must Cook for about forty-five minutes. not be prepared till just before serving. Lettuce A sour cream dressing for lettuce may be made as follows: — FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL Sour Cream Salad Dressing 1.4 .8 3.4 5.6 2 tablespoonfuls water Lettuce is another vegetable which has cup lemon juice I egg been used from very early times. Herod- A teaspoonful salt otus says it was served on the tables of level tablespoonful sugar the Persian kings four hundred years teaspoonful oil before the Christian era. Lettuce has Beat the egg, add the other ingredients, and cook in a double boiler, stirring it till creamy. been supposed to contain a narcotic and Cool, and add one-half cup sour cream. sedative principle ; but this occurs only Some may like a — to an infinitesimal extent in the young. Sweet Egg Sauce tender leaves which are commonly used I egg as a salad. When the flowering stem 1/2 tablespoonful salad oil t1/2 tablespoonfuls lemon juice develops, the sap becomes milky and bit- tablespoonful sugar 176 LIFE AND HEALTH

Beat the egg very light, then beat into it the into which one-half cup of cottage-cheese has remaining ingredients, and pour it over the been mixed. Sprinkle the top with zwieback- lettuce. crumbs, and bake. Cauliflower Cauliflower au Gratin FOOD VALUE IN CALORIES PER OUNCE Boiled cauliflower PRO. FAT CAR. TOTAL r pt. slightly sour cream 2.1 I.3 5.5 8.9 egg yolk Cauliflower is botanically allied to cab- 1/2 teaspoonful salt bage. It is more easily digested than Place the cauliflower in an oiled baking-pan, pour over it the cream, egg yolk, and salt, most other vegetables. which have been beaten together. Sprinkle Preparation and Cooking the top with zwieback-crumbs. Bake till set. Break off the outside leaves, cut the flower- Cauliflower Salad ets from the stalks about two inches below the Prepare and cook the cauliflower as directed top of the floweret. If the flowerets are large, for steamed or boiled cauliflower. When divide them. Wash and place it in salted cooked, pour lemon juice over it, and allow water to drive out any insects that may be it to stand in the refrigerator for one hour or hidden in it. Much the better way to cook it longer. Prepare the following dressing : — is steaming. It should be cooked till it is just tender, which will require from twenty to Salad Dressing forty minutes. Longer cooking will turn it Yolks 3 eggs dark-colored. cup sugar Boiled Cauliflower teaspoonful salt tablespoonful flour Usp a kettle of such size that when the cauli- cup lemon juice flower is stood in it stem downward it will 3 tablespoonfuls oil hold the cauliflower upright. Have in the ket- tle barely enough boiling water to cover the Beat the yolks, and add to them the sugar top of the cauliflower. Add salt when it is and flour. Mix the lemon juice and oil and about three fourths cooked. Treated in this heat to boiling; then pour them over the egg manner the delicate top will not cook to pieces mixture, beating it well as in making frosting. before the stalk is tender. Cook in a double boiler till thick, and cool. The cauliflower may be served with Whip one-half cup of thick cream, adding to it sufficient of the dressing to make the de- lemon juice, cream sauce, parsley sauce sired consistency, and flavor. Take the cauli- (cream sauce with chopped parsley flower from the lemon juice, and place it on a added), egg sauce, or tomato sauce. salad plate. Pile the dressing on top of the cauliflower, then arrange on the dressing thin Baked Cauliflower strips of cooked beet which have been soaked Place boiled cauliflower in an oiled baking- in lemon juice. Plain cream may be used i pan, and pour over it one pint of cream sauce place of the whipped cream.

CAULIFLOWER SA LAD The picture does not show the beautiful contrast between the green of the parsley, the white of the cauliflower, the gold of the dressing, and the red of the beet DISEASE A BAD HABIT OF CELLS ACH cell has its specific func- cells which have to do with the metab- tion. Muscle-cells can not se- olism of the body — that is, the tissue crete mucus ; salivary cells can changes — have formed some bad habit, not make hydrochloric acid; nerve-cells and, like an army of undisciplined la- can not secrete urea. borers, are working at a disadvantage, Whatever stimulus is applied to the turning food material into fat, which muscle-cell, whether it be heat, cold, elec- normally should be disposed of in some tricity, percussion, or nervous impulse, other way. the response is a contraction. Whatever The gouty person is not necessarily a stimulus is applied to the mucous cell, the heavy meat eater. He probably has response is the elaboration and discharge learned that he must abstain strictly from of mucus. The work of the cell may be meat, tea, coffee, alcohol, and the like, increased or diminished, but, so far as and that the least infraction brings on a we know, can not be changed in its na- gouty attack ; but his neighbor eats a ture. A cell may cease to react to normal porter-house, drinks whisky several times stimuli. In muscular atrophy, for in- a day and several cups of coffee, and has stance, the muscle-cell will no longer no gouty symptoms. Perhaps the gouty contract in response to the appropriate person has in some of his tissue cells a stimulus ; or the cell may react inade- bad habit that favors an excessive pro- quately; or its reaction may be excessive, duction or a deficient elimination of uric as in the hypersecretion of gastric juice. acid. a habitual condition in certain nerve It may be, and seems quite probable, states. that cancer is but the changed habit of When a cell has established a wrong cells ; that is, certain of the cells which habit of response, there seems to be a in adult life ordinarily learn to behave tendency for that habit to continue. As themselves decently, as is the case with new cells are formed to take the place of adults generally, have forgotten that they the older ones, these new cells may in- are adults and have again become chil- herit the same abnormal characteristics. dren ; in technical language, there is a This may explain many of the abnormal- " reversion to the embryonic type," that ities of the body which we term disease. is, to unrestricted and unlimited growth. The fat person is not necessarily so be- This theory of change of cell habit cause he eats too much. Many persons does not run counter to the germ theory. who eat more than they should are not It dovetails with it at every point. Nor- fat, and often the heavy person eats mally the intestinal walls secrete sub- lightly, sometimes even to the extent of stances inimical to the growth of the producing weakness, and yet all the food putrefactive germs. A change of habit material seems to go to the production in these cells, brought about perhaps by of fat. continued indiscretions, causes a change It would seem in such cases that the in the substances secreted by the intes- I77 178 LIFE AND HEALTH tinal walls, and thus produces conditions effort on the part of these cells becomes, favorable to the growth of putrefactive to a certain extent, habitual. Perhaps it germs. These germs, gaining a foothold, is for this reason, partly at least, that multiply and produce poisonous sub- when a person is inoculated with the stances, which may be absorbed into the vaccine of cowpox, which is simply a system. modified form of smallpox, the person Normally the intestinal walls prevent is afterward immune or nearly so from the entrance of germs from the intes- smallpox. The cells in overcoming the tinal tube into the body. A change of milder disease have formed a habit the habit of the cells forming this wall which makes them better able to over- may so lower the line of defense that come the more serious disease. germs find opportunity to enter into the It is for this same reason that there blood-vessels and into the system gen- are many diseases which themselves pro- erally. There is probably, also normally, duce immunity from a second attack. a mechanism which prevents the entrance That is, the one attack produces a habit of certain poisonous products from the of resistance in the cells which after- intestines. A change of cell habit might ward enables them to overcome subse- be the means of permitting these to quent attacks. enter readily into the blood. This is an attempt to explain briefly Again, the defensive liver- and kidney- a very complicated process, which is cells whose work is to dispose of the not thoroughly understood, and which poisons entering the body, or produced would require volumes adequately to in the body, may be so altered in habit explain. that they fail partly or wholly to do their work. Thus, while we recognize the influ- Is It Possible to Be Humane and Yet ence of disease germs in the production Inhuman? of morbid conditions in the body, we I it possible that some may acquire must also remember that there are cer- such an overweening regard for the tain changes taking place in the body it- lower animals as to lose perspective, and self which permit disease germs to gain fail to realize the value of human life? a foothold, and that these changes in There is something psychologically po- the body are, to a certain degree, tent in a name. In a past age in certain changes in the cell habit. What causes countries it was only necessary to brand this changed cell habit? — Disobedience a man as a heretic — it mattered not how to what are ordinarily known as the exemplary his life — he paid the penalty. laws of hygiene; in other words, the With the masses now a word may be indulgence in dietary errors, careless- more weighty than the most logical ar- ness as to body cleanliness, neglect of guments. Witness the word " scab." In exercise, and the like. it is pent up all the hatred against an We may also understand that what is idea ; and it matters not that the idea known as artificial immunity is probably may be ill-defined. Its force comes not due, partly at least, to changes in the cell from long logical reasoning, but from the habits. If a small quantity of poison is cumulative influence of crowds. Ob- introduced into the body, a quantity not serve any assembled multitude that re- enough to overcome the body, the cells sorts to violence and you will learn that of the body immediately assume the de- the " straw that broke the camel's back " fensive and set up a resistance. This was some catch phrase, passed like wild- EDITORIAL 179 fire, which turned the pent-up feelings ing the humane treatment of animals. into seething billows of ungovernable One of the persistent complaints fury and the crowd into a mob. A reser- raised by these people is the unnecessary voir is converted by a ruptured dam into loss of life, especially of cats and dogs. a destructive, raging torrent, and the Do they know that in New York City rupture is caused by the catch phrase alone there are put to death, in order to passed from mouth to mouth. be rid of the excess, more than ten times Where such catch phrases are used, the number of cats and dogs used in all there is no need of argument. Argument the laboratories in the country? And is powerless with a madman or a mob. this only in one city. Why do they not Argument means reason. The catch raise the outcry against this " waste " by phrase means unreason. the poundman? Such is the thought that comes to mind But these people claim that all they when one reads the choice catch phrases want is reasonable inspection of labora- invented by those who oppose animal ex- tories. Is it? In England they have periment. Such phrases as " a vile pur- such inspection, and in no country is suit," " a devilish science," " an organ- there such an active, persistent attempt ized system of barbarity," and the equally to do away with laboratory experiment choice terms employed to the workers altogether as in England, though the in this line,— " fiends," " demons," " hu- public hearings have repeatedly failed to man monsters," and the like, being fair show cases of inhumane treatment of examples. animals. After all, is not this the cry But surely where there is so much of the cults who say in effect that all smoke there must be fire. Can we be animal life is as sacred as human life, sure that there is no cause for the out- and that rather than sacrifice a few cry against animal experiment? Most monkeys or rabbits for experiment, it certainly these humane people who have would be better to let cerebrospinal undertaken to protect the dumb brutes meningitis and other fatal diseases con- are conscientious and careful in their tinue to mow down our babies ? statements ? Alas ! that is just the thing But another cry is raised : " Animal that stands most in need of proof. experiment has never taught us any The writer himself, as a medical stu- truths that really result in the saving of dent, had ample opportunity to know human life." This statement absolutely what kind of work is done in the labora- ignores some of the most patent and im- tories, and to know the kind of men who portant facts of medical history, facts do such work ; and he has not been able which must be known to any one who to adjust his knowledge of these things has read the history of our conquest of to the descriptions of animal experiment the mosquito diseases and any of the published broadcast by the people who germ diseases. To be consistent with oppose laboratory methods. According themselves, these people necessarily deny to their own testimonies, most, if not all, that germs have anything to do with dis- of these people are entirely ignorant of ease except as a result. what takes place in laboratories. They As a matter of fact, this campaign is have never witnessed the work. They conducted by people who refuse to ac- know nothing of the precautions taken quaint themselves with the results of the to obviate unnecessary pain. They ig- work that has been done by laboratories. nore the fact that reputable laboratories They are wilfully ignorant of the fact in this country have strict rules regard- that our knowledge of tuberculosis as a 180 LIFE AND HEALTH disease affecting cattle as well as man, tion through the finest filters. It is too and communicable from cattle to man small to be seen with the ordinary mi- through milk, has been established by croscope, and has not been certainly seen animal experiment. By this means we even with the ultramicroscope. It ap- arc enabled to discover, tuberculosis in pears to be highly resistant to agencies animals ; and our modern treatment and that destroy ordinary micro-organisms. prevention of dysentery, lockjaw, cere- By animal experiment we know the brospinal meningitis, bubonic plague, ma- incubation period of infantile paralysis laria, and other diseases are directly or ranges from three to thirty-three days, indirectly due to animal expeiiment. averaging eight or nine days. The symp- Cut out the results of animal experiment toms and post-mortem appearances in and our modern knowledge of 'diseases animals are strikingly similar to those in would amount to nothing. the human subject, but the mortality in Why not admit it? Why not give the monkeys is greater than in humans, be- men engaged in this work of disease ing fifty per cent in monkeys and ten study the credit for average humanity? per cent in man (infants, largely). Why not realize that the increase in our Animal experiment shows that the knowledge of disease conditions and sa- nasopharynx is the favorite point of in- ving of human life is worth infinitely troduction for the disease. There is evi- more than all the animal life that has dence favoring the view that the nasal been sacrificed to obtain it? mucous membrane may be, not only the s.tf means by which the disease is received, but also the means by which it is given The Cause of Infantile Spinal Paralysis off. An attempt is being made to es- HIS elusive disease, which has tablish artificial immunity against the T spread as a pandemic over a large disease. part of the civilized world, is beginning Dr. N. S. Bryant reported in a recent to • yield its secrets to the laboratory work- New York Medical Journal the result of ers. The infectiousness of the disease eighteen months' experience with the has been• suspected for more than a quar- disease, and, according to him, it is trans- ter of a century, but has not been defi- mitted by means of the nasopharynx. nitely proved until recently. In case of epidemics of infantile paraly- Though there are reports of animal sis he says there is a large amount of paralysis in connection with the epidem- nasopharyngitis present. ics of human paralysis, laboratory work- Infantile paralysis, according to Dr. ers have not succeeded until recently in Bryant, is a contagious and infectious inoculating animals with the disease. disease. The infection seems to enter Dr. Simon Flexner, of the Rockefeller the system by way of the nasopharynx. Institute, has succeeded in inoculating The disease proper, uncomplicated by monkeys with the infection, and is trans- sequelm, yields to local treatment of the mitting the disease from monkey to pharynx. The most important prevent- monkey ; and similar work is being done ive measure, according to the doctor, in other laboratories. is nasopharyngeal hygiene. In times of It is now known that the organism of epidemic, all cases of nasopharyngitis this disease is smaller than any of the (" colds ") should be regarded with sus- known bacteria, being capable of filtra- picion, and should be treated thoroughly. orvanp ilue)tionk flifitzratrid MVP ,,1f4

all seem to be round pegs that have been properly fitted by their training and en- vironment into round holes. Ample time has elapsed and all of that family are settled enough for me to state most ANY, years ago I won a prize positively that the theories and practises offered by one of the big mag- of the parents that I then described have azines for the best paper sub- been proved correct, sound, praise- mitted on the subject of " The Child's worthy, and deserving of emulation. Proper Development." It was easy Now, that family is not only happy money to me; for I was fortunate in and wise, but also, being thrifty, is hon- having a friend who had a whole brood est,, hard-working, and moderately " suc- of healthy, attractive, and well-han- cessful,"' as the term is applied in a dled children, and I merely quoted his worldly sense, living comfortably and en- theories of child-training, jotting down tertaining largely,— not in the accepted my observations as to the working out of sense, but in having friends, particu- those theories in practise. The paper not larly needy ones, make them long visits. only won the prize,— there were several There is much to do in house and stable hundred competitors,— but it stirred up work and all about the place, and many a good deal of interest and the usual servants are employed. I have kept my number of letter-writers. There were a eyes open to see how that detail was flattering lot of approvals, but also a suf- managed. I have had many talks with ficient number of croakers and prophets master and mistress and servants on the of evil, who foretold dire happenings to subject, and my conclusion is that there those children as a result of that kind of is no " servant problem " in that house- training, to make me, a novice in the hold. child business, a bit skeptical as to its Everywhere else it is such a bugbear. ultimate outcome. Well, the years have Other friends are taking to living in galloped by, and still I have the privilege hotels and flats to escape the servant of intimacy in that interesting family, problem, and it is so much discussed and and have continued to observe its evolu- rehashed the country over, the main topic tions and progress with solicitous inter- of conversation generally, that I am im- est. Its mode of life has continued un- pelled to believe that my friend — let us changed. Several of the eight children call him X — is as sound on that subject have become men and women, and now as he was on the child subject. There- there are four grandchildren. All the fore, I feel it almost a duty to describe members of that large family are well his handling of that generally moot ques- and happy, and apparently there is not tion for the benefit of long-suffering and even one black sheep in the fold. They servantless households. It may help

181 182 LIFE AND HEALTH them. I thoroughly believe it will if they ter " to have to wrestle with it. People " go and do likewise." It will not be a are employed to do certain work in that long dissertation, nor overtedious and re- household; they are as essential in it as plete with detail, for the simple reason the so-called " master." It is communal there is not much to tell. X's theories and at the same time patriarchal. If and solutions of troublesome problems those helpers do their work well and are are beautifully simple, direct, and effect- decent, in other words, if they fit into ive. their places, they are shown every con- Before going farther let me say that sideration, and soon find themselves as X means Mr. and Mrs. X. There is no deeply interested in the common good as headship nor " lord of the manor " there. are the members of the family. If they It is a full-fledged do not fit, they are partnership. There eliminated, but even is no clash, for they that is done nicely. both intuitively wish X has not any " old to do the right thing family servants of his and the same thing. father's " to draw At times there are upon ; his 'supply is discussions, but these from the same. com- are not to establish mon stock you and I which of the two draw upon, but some- shall have his or her how or other the ideas carried out, but right kind drift in his merely to thrash out direction. Perhaps it all the possibilities of is luck, but I think the case. Indeed, it , rather it is good man- is more than a part- agement. That house nership, it is an has a reputation; if ideally communal and a servant is sick or socialistic organiza- marries and goes off, tion. The children there is a cousin or have a voice in the a sister waiting and arrangement of fam- anxious to help out. ily affairs; they ex- And they seem to ar- press their opinions, range all that by and the parents con- X TALKED OVER THE HORSES WITH themselves. At any sider them, often de- THE STABLEMAN rate, in an intimate ferring to them. It has not spoiled the acquaintance with the X's of over thirty children, but has imbued them with a years I have seldom known or heard of delightful sense of responsibility with their having to go • on servant-hunting the parents, a keen interest in the com- expeditions. mon welfare, and cultivated a logical, There is not the usual abyss of class dispassionate, and unselfish desire to be dividing master and servant in that right and do things right. house. Each is interested in the other; It is so with the servants. One reason it is in the atmosphere. If the helpers why there is no servant problem there is are in trouble or need help, physical, because X avers that there are no " serv- mental, or financial, there is a frank ants " to create a problem, and no " mas- avowal to X, and he does what is best, GENERAL ARTICLES 183 not merely expedient, in every case. lace, do everything willingly, voluntarily. There are no " orders " given; Mrs. X I know this sounds like exaggeration, but discusses the marketing and supplies it is not; they often do more than the X's with the cook; X talks over the horses expect. The driver will suggest that it with the stableman ; the butler is an im- is so fine a day Mrs. X may care to go portant personage, and his opinions are out, and he can just as well take his listened to. After a particularly good afternoon some other day; the cook dinner cook and butler may get a word hears that the folks are going out for of approval from Mrs. X, and the pres- the evening, and stays up to fix a little ence of several guests makes no differ- supper for them when they come home. ence; if anything goes wrong, the " help- Of course, they are pleased with the at- ers " as frankly state, then and there, the tention, and say so. It is not a politic cause, and express heartfelt sorrow. It cajolery to encourage future efforts, but is all done spontaneously, naturally. a genuine expression of pleasant sur- There is no false-front nor " company prise and gratitude. It is real, and comes manners " to be put on and off. from right thinking, and is catching. Those helpers have good rooms ; their Let the helper be white, black, yellow, or food is the same as the family's, not the purple, he or she will get into the same left-overs and cold victuals, and Mrs. X spirit in short order. insists upon good hot meals for them I have known X to try dangerous ex- and at regular hours. Their amusements periments. One was to take a fellow and time off are matters of real inter- fresh from jail into his employ. He est to the family, not to be curtailed and worked faithfully for a while, then the dodged, but a necessary part of the eco- old disease broke out again ; he " lifted " nomic system. one of X's suits of clothes and some Some will say that house must be money and decamped ; but, years after- chaos itself, cheeky servants who run ward, he wrote X a letter, enclosing some things, a thoroughly scared, weak mas- of the money and expressing gratitude ter, etc. Well, I've been around a good for the kindness shown him. Last year deal and kept my eyes open, and never, X picked up a half-frozen and thor- in palace or cottage or army post or col- oughly saturated " bum," cleaned him up, lege, have I seen so much harmony, so fixed him comfortably in an outhouse, smooth-running domestic machinery, so and set him to sawing wood. As he wholesome discipline, and so much real became more respectable, he obtained a comfort and all-round happiness as at footing among the other helpers,— the X's. there's no caste there, but each one's I say they discuss things with the serv- standing is just what he or she makes it. ants. It is hardly that. It is a bit hard He braced up, and ultimately X helped to explain properly. It must all be in him start out as a pedler of clocks, rugs, the right kind of feeling on the part of and what-not in the rural districts. To- the X's that gets into the atmosphere, day he has a little store and is doing and makes the others feel the same way, well ; he is a respectable citizen, and looks for there is absolute devotion, no wran- upon X as his savior. True, poor X has gling nor bother. Never is there any had some off-color and amusing experi- question about this one's not doing cer- ences with his experiments ; but however tain things he was not hired to do, or unworthy and perhaps debased the ex- that otie's complaining that the other perimentee may have been and thankless was shirking his share. They fit, inter- at the time, the influence of X's kindness 184 LIFE AND HEALTH

has had its effect; it has not been lost. Try it. Forget the servant part of it. The very fact that some one has shown Under old conditions your forebears may real interest in him will help tone up have been serfs, vassals, or tenants. the most hardened criminal, and oft- They rebelled ; to-day you are an em- times save him from criminality. ployee, clerk, or assistant. Do unto X's helpers work for him by prefer- the servants as you would be, and have ence, and do more, even at lower wages insisted upon being, done by. Give them than they could get elsewhere. The kind treatment, not doled out as charity work is not looked upon as menial. from a superior being, but as their due, Every one in that house works. If there —real consideration in the true spirit of is a party or extra crowd, the daughters an ideal democracy,— and you will soon think nothing of helping wash the dishes. have as little trouble and as great pleas- What is usually regarded as menial work ure and contentment as has X ; and it is looked upon differently there, it is will not be long before you realize that a part of the whole, as• respectable as most of your troubles were imaginary, anything else if done in the proper spirit, self-imposed, or self-created, and that and the proper spirit reigns there. there really is no servant question.

• THE LAW OF REST IN THE HEALING OF DISEASE (Concluded from page 170 had been converted from the delusion, and his body, being unhampered by a that she had frequently to " cure " the false mind, will retain its vigor until age same persons over and over again of the only shall dim the vital powers. same difficulty. Denial Evidently it is nut so easy to bring into It is useless to deny the existence of the human soul the true spiritual rest in physical causes or of adverse conditions Jehovah as it is to induce one mind to to get rid of them. Try as hard as we yield to another and repose in its sup- can, we may not successfully continue to posed power. fool ourselves. We may deny lust and But when one is induced to yield this pride, not their existence and reality, but to the Creator, self-control, instead of their control of us, and successfully being lost as in hypnotism, is suddenly escape the consequences due to the folly strengthened, and responsibility is greatly of yielding. We may deny the power of increased; and as long as th., condition of appetite and of evil mental states in gen- trust is maintained, that man's mind will eral, and escape the multitude of human be free from all advers.2 mental causes, ills due to adverse mental conditions. DEVENTI ON of) OLD. YoyA.P.I/eed,M.D

COLD in the head is second as possible, by baths and frequent mas- in abomination to one in the sage. It is a good plan to place some heart, yet, withal, is such a salt in the bath water. Avoid indiges- grievous menace to the house in which tion and overwork, loss of sleep, or any- we live that he who successfully anti- thing that has a tendency to depreciate dotes it will perhaps be more gratefully the reserve power; and, not least, have received than he who essays to antidote the best air possible indoors and out. The the cold in the heart. sleeping-rooms should have a large vol- Such is humanity, and herein I find ume of air circulating through them all justification for giving some of that pre- night, avoiding only strong drafts. vention which is better than cure. Places of public assembly should be well Every one may catch cold, but certain ventilated, very much better than is apt people have what may be called an in- to be the case, since the matter is too herent — which may be an inherited — often entrusted to the care of some one tendency to colds. These people have who knows little of ventilation princi- hypersensitive mucous membranes, with ples, and probably cares less, aiming only diminished resisting power to invading to conserve the heat by closing up air germs. If such persons could have an entrances, at the expense of the health equable temperature to live in, they of the audience. would probably get along with a far less To those already having a cold T would number of colds, while the ones they did say, You owe it to others to take every have would be less of a menace. precaution as to the spreading of your The immediate cause of colds is to-day cold. To this end you should avoid understood to be an infection from im- spraying the atmosphere, by always pla- pure air, dust, etc. Owing to their con- cing before your nose and mouth a hand- tagious character, colds are found going kerchief when you sneeze or cough ; and from one to another of the same family these handkerchiefs should be washed or association, as in schools, stores, of - separately from other clothing. fices, and wherever people are massed, By the frequent use of antiseptic this massing of people always being a sprays and gargles you will be doing con- menace requiring extra care to avoid va- siderably more in this direction, and still rious deleterious outcomes. Whenever a more by having your own individual city neglects to sprinkle its streets, it has towel and drinking-cup, and by sleeping been noticed that nasal and throat irrita- alone. tions, leading up to catarrh, acute and Rooms occupied by those having colds chronic, are much more prevalent. need to be flooded with pure air fre- To keep up a good resisting power by quently. According to some of the best keeping up the health standard goes a authorities, it is not advisable to take long way toward immunity. The circu- large quantities of water except when lation of the skin should be kept as good sweating is to be promoted.

185 Ora Helena H. Thorn_y-

HROUGH a vista of years and weary man, who had seated himself on years I seem to see the man of a bench, and as he took off his hat to whom the very thought af- wipe the perspiration from his face, one frighted my childish self, because of a boy exclaimed : — distorted imagination, owing to the name " He is a fool if he isn't ' crazy' ! Just by which he was usually called —" Crazy see him trying to rest with that heavy Jonathan." Consequently, he was a ter- load on his back! " ror ,to the children for miles around, Then one, more bold than the rest, though I can not recall one unkind act on drew a few steps nearer, and ven- the part of the man of whom we stood tured : — in such awe. " Say, mister, why don't you take off No one seemed to know whence he your pack, so's you can rest better? We came or why he led such a wandering won't touch it! " life. Had he lived in this generation, he But with a decided shake of the head, would have doubtless been called a the wanderer dolefully made answer:answer:— " tramp " instead, but he lived at a time "I'd have to load up again! " when a man who would not work was " Crazy Jonathan " had, I supposed, generally supposed to have a diseased faded entirely from my memory, but the brain. Anyhow, " crazy " he was always' picture he made that spring day, sitting called, though he was allowed to wander under a wild cherry tree abloom, as he at will from place to place. said, with a weary sigh, " I'd have to He usually put in an appearance in my load up again! " was vividly brought to home town about twice a year, and when mind recently by the remark of a woman his coming was noised about among the who, though considered sane, gave evi- schoolchildren, they did not venture dence of the same lack of wisdom as alone on the street, for " Crazy Jona- did " Crazy Jonathan " long years ago. than " not only muttered as he walked However, the pack which she carries is the streets, but he always carried a large not on her shoulders, as was his, yet it pack upon his back, which doubtless con- is more burdensome to the wearer, me- tained his few belongings, but, to the thinks, and taxes others as well ; for her childish mind, hideous indeed were the pack-worries not only rob her of rest, contents of that mysterious pack. but they depress all about her. One day a curious group of little She had been as usual airing her dread folks stood at a safe distance from the of being helpless in her old age, and kin- T86 GENERAL ARTICLES 187 dred worries, when a light-hearted per- Even the beast of burden is wiser than son ventured to say: — such, for, as the poet has beautifully " 0 grandma, make a resolve to live expressed it,— just one day without worrying; it would " The camel, at the close of day, be such a wonderful rest for you! " Kneels down upon the sandy plain To have his guide remove his load, But the old lady shook her head as she And rest to gain. said plaintively : — " The camel kneels at break of day " The worries would all be there just To have his guide replace his load, the same, and I'd load up again, come Then riseth up anew to take night, so what's the use ! " The desert road." Her argument did not show any more Life's " desert road " is hard enough wisdom than did that of the one called at best, but 0, how it would lighten the crazy Jonathan, and yet, as the one re- load for some of us if we would give called the other, the writer fell to won- closer attention to the divine Guide who dering if both were not a type of many left the injunction: — persons who foolishly " load up " with " Sufficient unto the day is the evil unnecessary burdens and worries. thereof."

EHRLICH'S NEW REMEDY " 606 " ALVARSAN, as it is called other arsenic preparations, it is not with- commercially (the chemical out its dangers, and we may yet learn of name is too long for com- blindness and even death as the result of mon use), is proving a sore disap- medicinal doses of the new remedy. pointment to those who supposed that In the experience with " 6o6 " we are one of the cruelest diseases that inflict having a repetition of old history, show- humanity was about to be eradicated, and ing the tendency of man to build a high possibly a happy disappointment to the structure on a very imperfect foundation. other class, who look upon the attempt Some physicians have had brilliant and to extirpate syphilis medically as an en- lasting results with this remedy; others couragement to vice. The fact is that have had no better results than with while " 6o6 " is useful in the specific dis- mercury. As the mode of administration ease, causing usually a disappearance of is definitely prescribed, and as the drug the characteristic reaction and symptoms, is only made by one house, such a va- and Of germs in the specific sores, its riation of results between men equally in- apparent benefits seem to be in many telligent leads to the natural conclusion cases at least only temporary. We are that these men, in spite of scientific' at- informed positively by some investiga- tainments, are apt to find what they are tors that salvarsan does not cure the dis- looking for. The history of every new ease. Moreover, it is asserted that, like remedy presents a similar phase. THE MEDICkl, MIS NAK9Y-c-AT WORK,

AMONG THE AYMARA INDIANS OF BOLIVIA AND PERU F. A. Stahl HERE are about one hundred them. They compelled us to stay longer fifty thousand of these people; than we had planned, the people coming Peru claims fifty thousand, and for miles around. Bolivia the greater part. The Aymara At one place we were invited to speak Indians are naturally a strong, sturdy in their church. This we dedicated to race, the severe climate and their rough the worship of the true God. The way of living allowing only those to live church belongs to the Indians, and has who are strong. But the use of alcohol been used for years in connection with and coca is making terrible inroads the worship of images; but the people among them. Diseases which were un- have now cleaned these out. known to them a few years ago, are now They brought many sick for us to cutting them down in great numbers. treat, and we visited at their homes oth- From our first meeting with them in ers that they could not bring. God blessed La Paz, we have been interested in this this work, and many were healed, not so people. The more we have seen their much on account of what we did as in need, the greater our interest has grown. answer to earnest prayer. At one place, A few weeks ago, I received a letter where a father called for us, we found from A. N. Allen, of Peru, asking me his daughter ill with typhoid-pneumonia, . to work with him among the Aymara struggling for life. We told them to Indians at Puno, Peru, a town on the take the fire out at once, as the place shores of Lake Titicaca, the border line was full of smoke. We instructed the between Bolivia and Peru. When they mother how to care for her daughter, received word that we were coming, hun- how to use the chest compress, and to dreds came out to meet us, some carry- give cool sponges ; we explained the ne- ing flags, giving us a most hearty wel- cessity of giving the patient plenty of come. After each one had embraced us, cold, pure water to drink (as this had — a custom the people have, which takes been withheld), and advised as to her some time where there are several hun- diet. Then Brother Allen and I invited dred to deal with,— they called for a the father and mother, with others who meeting. The first meeting lasted from were there, into this rude hut, and prayed 9 A. M. to 4 P. M., with one hour intermis- for the life of this daughter. God heard sion for lunch. The speaking was done and answered, and has restored her to through two interpreters. The interest her happy parents. these people manifested was intense. At We were led to another hut not far times they could not contain themselves, from this place. As our eyes became and would repeat the words spoken, over adapted to the dim light, we were almost and over again. Every day the interest overcome by the sight that met our eyes. increased, and we received invitations On the floor on one side of the hut lay a from other villages to speak and instruct woman dying. At her feet lay two very 188 THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AT WORK 189 sick children. On the other side lay a weather was cold, and a light snow fall- man groaning in agony; and at his feet ing, but they did not mind this. They lay another child very sick. A whole were happy in the thought that God family ill with typhoid. The floor of the loved them, and that they could also fol- hut was covered with filth. In one cor- low in the footsteps of the dear Saviour. ner was a pile of decaying food. Near It was a new thing for these poor In- the sick children were placed bowls of dians to hear that God really loves them. chopped pork. We could not stay in the They had never realized this before, hav- place longer than two or three minutes ing been taught differently by the priests. at a time. The father and three children A few days after this, we bade them were removed to a clean hut, and placed farewell. About a hundred accompa- upon a milk diet, and given pure water to nied us for several miles, many being in drink. When last heard from, they were tears. A short time after this, the priests improving. But the mother succumbed influenced the authorities to arrest fif- a few hours after our first visit. teen of these young men because they All this sickness is because of igno- met us with flags. What the outcome of rance. The people are calling for in- this will be, we do not know, _but we struction, and are willing to follow it have the faith to believe that this will when given. Can we withhold it from only strengthen the cause of truth. them ? We treated fifty sick people, and Brethren and sisters, remember these promised to do all we could for them in Aymara Indians in your prayers, that the future. God will send them faithful teachers. We asked if they wanted schools for The following is a song in the Aymara their children. Almost with one voice language: — was heard, " Waliki," " Waliki" (Good, Mojgsa Jesus Auki, Good). " Will you help to build these Hamki monamti ; schools? " was asked. "Hisa," " Hisa" Wawaman almapa, (Yes, Yes), they responded. Mankgan chhactanapa. The people brought offerings of eggs, Unttastua Diosay ; potatoes, cheese, etc., and nothing would Huchan cancatajga ; satisfy them until we had taken these of- Khuyapayasikima Aca huchctaratjga. ferings from their hands. During a meet- ing those who came in late would go right Sweet Jesus mine, up to the speaker and embrace him, this Look on me a sinner ; My soul is lost, not interrupting the meeting. Elder For sin is mortal. Allen baptized fifteen faithful people. There was no irreverence; children, as My God, thou knowest me ; I am frail; well as adults, were in a spirit of prayer. I also acknowledge It was a most impressive scene. The Thy great kindness. EXPOSED FOODS

HE vending of fruit, confec- is revolting, yet it is eaten — only in- a tionery, and the various disguised and more palatable form. We forms of pastry, from street fully realize that in the manufacture of stands, push-carts, and pedler's bas- these products only the most inferior bets, is abominably unsanitary, and grade of material is necessarily used, and should be abolished. In the better that before it reaches the selling recep- sections of the city, little of this practise tacle, the candy passes through many may be encountered, but among the more hands and unhygienic processes which crowded districts and poorer neighbor- are decidedly unclean ; but it becomes hoods, the street pedler thrives. The worse if we take the time to notice the small dealer starts out in the morning, pains one of these pedlers will take to with a basket or box of the most inferior maintain the attractiveness of his display. grade of assorted confectionery, and Toward the end of the day, the mer- takes his place along the curb, where he chandise begins to lose its fresh appear- awaits the passing purchaser, who fingers ance; the surface of the coated varieties over the wares, until a selection is made, becomes dulled from exposure and and then greedily devours the candy. frequent handling; and then it is a The vender carefully rearranges his common practise for the man in stock in trade, with his not too clean fin- charge to select such pieces, and, hold- gers. It is bad enough that the sweet- ing them to his mouth, blow his breath meat( ?) is impure, but when we recall upon them, and rub them to a polish, that the basket remains in the open all using his fingers or his coat sleeve, day, and in most cases without any cov- or, even worse, his pocket-handkerchief. ering, along the curb, where the dust Of course we might speculate as to the and pulverized refuse from the street variety, number, and virulence of the and gutters is blown upon the contents, pathological organisms in that man's ex- we can easily appreciate how contami- haled breath, upon his clothing, or within nated it must be. that handkerchief, but it is too disgust- The soft candy, and such as the choco- ing. Nevertheless, the fact remains, and late-coated variety, exposed to the is easily proved by a little observation. changes of the weather, readily absorb The same process applies to fruit. the impurities from the dust and air. Every one has seen the dirty foreigner Notice, upon a warm day, such a basket blow his breath upon an apple, and then or box, with its grimy proprietor, at the rub it to a polish upon his coat. That corner, and see the street-sweeper a few seems customary, the apple looks cleaner feet distant diligently brushing the pave- and more shiny; and, unfortunately, it is ment, so that a cloud of dust and particles one of the failings of human nature to of decayed matter fill the air, only to prefer to buy shiny articles. settle upon the moist confectionery. Perhaps the worst result of this form The idea of merely inhaling the dust of selling falls upon the children. The 190 CURRENT COMMENT 191 youngsters, with their ready pennies, are much what the patient eats as how he the best customers and, sad to say, the eats. I have found the best results fol- chief sufferers. Their resistance to the low when general food was given, but impure produce is naturally much lower the quantity of food of any kind was than that of the adult purchaser. They limited to a very small amount. are obviously more susceptible to infec- Most people habitually eat,— at least tion and contagion, which in many unrec- once a day, and frequently at all meals, ognized instances are induced and spread — not only much more than they need, in this manner. but much more than they can digest. In Some stands and baskets have glass the latter case, putrefactive decomposi- covers; which are commendable, but tion naturally results. This may be ob- which still offer slight protection against viated by giving only such food as can the handling and cleaning process. Why be digested ; and it is even better to give, is it necessary to sell these delicacies( ?) for a time at least, even less than this upon the street at all, especially when amount. the innocent children are the shoppers? When this plan was followed every It is bad enough to have the cheap and day for a number of days, the putrefac- impure stuff in stores, the poorer class tive products in the urine were invari- of which vie with one another in pro- ably decreased, and in some cases en- ducing more for the money, in order to tirely disappeared.— Greene H. Ham- catch and hold trade; and this necessarily mond, quoted by J. A. Stucky, M. D., results in impure products of confection, in the Journal of the American Medical ice-cream impurely flavored and made Association, Oct. 9, 1909. of inferior ingredients, and the almost deadly soda-water, which may be seen advertised in certain sections as selling at Alcohol and Cell Life " one, two, and three cents a glass."— FIR. L. DUNCAN BULKLEY be- American Medicine, November, 1910. A-•lieves that alcohol is prejudicial tV to all kinds of cell life. Degenerative changes follow in its wake, when used Can We Eat Too Much? to excess. It lowers the opsonic index, T is commonly believed that the pro- facilitates infection, interferes with met- I teid foods are the ones concerned in abolism, and depletes energy. Regard- the formation of putrefactive toxins. ing its effects on the skin, Bulkley be- That is in the main true, but it is quite lieves that its use directly favors the clear to me that all forms of food, when occurrence of acne, eczema, psoriasis, taken in greater quantities than the di- erythema, and syphilitic lesion of the skin. gestive fluids can digest, are capable of He bases his belief on the known physi- forming putrefactive poisons which are ologic effects of alcohol; viz., dilatation deleterious to the human organism. of the cutaneous capillaries, relaxation I have therefore insisted that all my of the cutaneous muscles, and modifi- patients should take small meals, in cation of the perspiratory secretion.— which proteid should form a very small Editorial Therapeutic Medicine, March, proportion. To my mind, it is not so 1910. 114.1*-,

In this department, articles written for the profession, which contain matter of interest to LIFE AND HEALTH readers, are given in abbreviated form. Sometimes the words of the author are given, but more often the passage is abbreviated, or else paraphrased in popular language. Technical matters and portions of articles having no popular interest are omit- ted. Give the authors credit for whatever is good, and blame " us " for the rest. A BRIEF VIEW OF MEDICAL HISTORY HE development of the art long period, too few patients survived. of medicine had its origin With the passing of the Renaissance, the in the perfecting of an elab- poisoner began to acquire medical lore orate superstructure designated as from the physician, and the physician ac- symptomatology. Diseases were stud- quired a knowledge of dangerous chem- ied and classified entirely according ical substances from him. The physician to their external manifestations. Dis- of the eighteenth century had mislaid ease classification was handed down the simple therapy and clearly defined from Hippocrates, like the Talmud, its classifications of Hippocrates, and had original expression intact and unim- become hopelessly swamped in a sea of proved, but its external form made more commentaries. But he was zealous ; he and more complex through the accumu- bled and purged, he nauseated and sali- lation of successive commentaries. vated. His mortality was as high as his The earliest therapy, consisting of zeal. water, heat, cold, dietetics, and hygiene, At this juncture appeared a Luther in gradually acquired spurious additions medicine. His name was Hahnemann, and variations, many being weird and and he had a great idea. Hahnemann useless, while others were harmful. At reasoned that if he were to intoxicate the time of the burning of the Alexan- himself with different drugs, he might drian library, chemistry or alchemy had be able to produce symptom-complexes, reached quite a high degree of develop- then recognized as definite diseases. He ment. This knowledge, transmitted to tried it, and certainly got symptoms ; and southern Spain and Italy, was imparted these he tabulated; then he reasoned from father to son. It became intermin- that by giving infinitesimal doses he gled with necromancy, astrology, and might immunize against those symptom- horoscopy, and was regarded by the complexes. So he tried minimum doses masses as something superhuman. Its on various persons in disease, and more possessors became a cult by themselves, of his cases survived than any one and at the dawn of the Renaissance, they else's. Whereupon, in 181o, he wrote a appeared as a sinister group, hardly book called " A System of Rational allied with medicine, but rather with its Therapy; " and so it was, relatively. antithesis — the gentle art of poisoning. And thus there entered into the art of It was from this amiable group of as- medicine a schism which clave it from sassins that the physicians of the seven- crown to chin, which was of great value teenth and eighteenth centuries derived at the time, and which has done little that medication from which, during a harm since. 192 ABSTRACTS 193

With the Reformation came a general chief purpose now is to heal the living. revolt against all forms of dogma. Lit- In the same degree that schism and tle by little physicians adduced to the dogma have failed to add anything to aid of medicine a vast deal of knowledge our knowledge of the cause of disease drawn from the natural sciences. These or of efficient treatment, so have they fragments of absolute information, gath- been conspicuously absent in the ad- ered from biologist, physiologist, chem- vancement of that crowning glory of ist, and botanist, began to fit together, modern medicine, the science of preven- forming a rational whole. This was not tion. The entomologist, the naturalist, the art of medicine; it was the science the botanist, biologist, and bacteriologist of life. have each contributed his quota in the As I have said, the art of medicine study of the intermediate host; and began with a superstructure ; it could the passing of the flea, louse, mosquito, hardly have been otherwise in the absence lower rodents, tsetse fly, etc., will mean of the natural sciences and their tech- the passing of certain groups of diseases nical devices. With the advancement in which have decimated the earth.— A. S. general scientific knowledge, however, Chittenden, M. D., Binghamton, N. Y., the study of the nature and cause of in New York State Journal of Medicine, disease was rapidly becoming a highly November, 1910. specialized science. But what of therapy and treatment? This was at a standstill. Overeating : the Great American Crime Dogma, tradition, and empiricism had fostered the inevitable sectarianism N reading periodical literature, as well which always associates itself with belief I as the more special publications de- as contrasted with knowledge. And un- voted to medicine and surgery, it is a til late years, therapeutic medicine, with noticeable fact that the advertising col- its various hostile camps, has continued umns and pages teem with the more or to bear the hall-marks of medieval scho- less blatant claims made for remedies to lasticism, while the real problem of be employed in dyspepsia and constipa- medicine — the amelioration and preven- tion. These interesting advertisements tion of disease — has been all but lost in are to us important as indicative of two schism. As a matter of truth, aside from very prevalent conditions. Dyspepsia, a few relatively specific protoplasmic and difficulty and pain in digesting ali- poisons, drug therapy has been in a mentary products, as well as constipa- sorry state. tion of a more or less chronic character, The future of our efficiency in com- if studied up to the very fountainhead. bating diseases of obscure origin and in- will be found to depend upon one condi- ception lies, I believe, in the study of be- tion, principally, and several others, sec- ginning conditions. We are entering ondarily. upon the development of a new study, Let us first consider the individual the pathology of the living. It is who is in fairly comfortable circum- more important for us to know the path- stances, and we will note that for him ological conditions which cause a pa- there is nothing more attractive or more tient's present sufferings — a patholog- satisfying than the pleasures of the table. ical change which is perhaps remediable He may have been reared in this manner, — than it is to know the fullest particu- and from his childhood up he was petted lars of that unhindered morbid change and indulged, and his fond parents never which has at last caused death. Our felt happier than when he ate to satiety. 194 LIFE AND HEALTH

Such a habit, engendered in childhood, tumbler of some much advertised and will persist through adolescence, adult lauded aperient water. Can it reason- life, and old age. We like to see an indi- ably be expected that such meals will be vidual who has a good appetite; we abhor properly digested, or that they will form one who is a gormandizer, a glutton. a mass for the promotion of regular He does not eat with reason, he merely alvine evacuations ? It is the overeating indulges an animal instinct which can that is the cause of all this. Those who hardly be denominated a craving. He are served with dishes that they fancy, treats his stomach as if it were an empty will eat of them until they can eat no receptacle, a sort of sack which he carries more; and then comes the natural result, about with him for the only purpose of the punishment of the crime. Then filling it. And with what does he fill it ? comes the diet of soda-crackers and soda- — A heterogeneous mass of nondescript water, the visits at spas and watering- matter, called food, and which a strict places, and, if there still be hope, the analysis would pronounce alimentary restriction to a proper diet of limited junk. scope, easy of digestion, of assimilation, Is it to be supposed that a well-be- and of metabolism. haved stomach would or could digest It is time that a proper dietetic regi- anything like that ? Is it any wonder men be enforced by physicians in order that dyspepsia becomes the fruit of such to place their patients in a proper phys- conduct? But this is not all. Such a ical condition, so that they may bear all meal, as it is called, is drenched with the physical and mental stress laid upon copious libations of ice-water, cold beer, them without being particularly aware and Manhattan cocktails ; and we have of the fact. Let us see that our patients the victim of his own gorging curled up, are given more wholesome, more nutri- waiting for the doctor to give him an tious, and more digestible and assimilable emetic and an injection of morphin. food, and we will note a rapid decline of Let us not forget that the patient has cases of nervous prostration, debilitating dined well, and this would not be possible dyspepsia, and weakening constipation. did he not indulge in a large cut of pie, There will be some red blood formed and some doughnuts, and a few other equally less bile, and the coming American, in- tempting, indigestible articles. He has stead of being a crawling polyclinic, will also swallowed during the entire meal be a model of a sane and healthy man. hot biscuits inlaid with butter. All of As physicians it is our duty to bring his bread must be hot, and his batter about such a desired change, and as med- cakes bathed in butter and sirup. When ical advisers we can easily accomplish he is forty, he is a chronic dyspeptic and such a desirable end by a course of rea- constantly a subject of all sorts of gas- sonable advice and a striking demonstra- tric tortures. tion of the truth of what we have said Another result of overeating is consti- and urged. We must abolish dyspepsia, pation, a constipation so marked that it and the only means of doing it is by stri- really becomes obstipation. Such a per- king at the root of the great American son does not feel comfortable in the crime, overeating.— The St. Louis Med- morning unless he has swallowed a ical Review. 111111111111111111111111111 11111

THREE NEW BOOKS ON HYGIENE

Personal Hygiene and Physical Training less a work that may well be studied by social for Women, by Anna M. Galbraith, M. D., workers, and others interested in the hygienic Fellow of the New York Academy of Medi- education of the masses. After all, the " plain cine; 371 pages, with original illustrations. man " must have line upon line, precept upon Cloth, $2 net. W. B. Saunders Company, Phil- precept, and too often he is only willing to adelphia and London. close the stable door after the horse has The author has aimed to present in a clear escaped. As the doctor says in his chapter on and concise manner the fundamental physio- the working people as spendthrifts, people will logical laws, together with directions for the pay a doctor, take his medicine given for tem- proper development of the body and the train- porary relief, and neglect his earnest advice ing of the physical powers by means of fresh given to reach the source of the difficulty. air, tonic baths, proper food and clothing, The directions are plain, the arguments and gymnastic and outdoor exercise, so that the statistics (not too many of them) are con- tissues will be placed in the best possible con- vincing, and the book ought to be a means of dition to resist disease. uplift among the industrial classes, if they can be induced to heed its teachings. We must protest against the teaching that " fresh meat must he eaten by a woman in Rural Hygiene, by Henry N. Ogden, C. E.; health at least once a day, and young girls $1.5o net. The MacMillan Company, publish- need it twice a day." We have been puzzling ers, New York. our brain to know what the author meant by, " The liver makes all the sugar that is needed The author, who is professor of sanitary en- in the system when none is taken in the food. gineering in the College of Civil Engineering, In addition to this, all the starch that is taken Cornell University, and assistant engineer as food is converted into sugar in the body." New York State department of health, is par- There is a tendency to recommend drugs ticularly well qualified to prepare a volume on to lay readers, and she recommends hot tea this subject, the need of which he has seen in for a woman who is chilled; for headache she his connection with the State sanitary corps. recommends tea and sodium bromid. He enters into the details of sanitary con- But in general the instruction regarding diet, struction, so that the book might be used with clothing, and the treatment of simple disorders, profit by many architects and builders. His is excellent. The section on physical culture, chapters on drainage, heating, ventilation, illustrating the various movements by photo- water-supply, and sewage disposal are written graphs of a graceful young college woman, is from the standpoint of a man uniting the worthy of special mention. latest scientific information with a knowledge of practical details. If his book contained no The Working People: Their Health and more, it would be a valuable book for every How to Protect It, by M. G. Overlock, M. D. farmer; but it contains excellent chapters on The Blanchard Press, Worcester, Mass. personal hygiene adapted particularly to peo- Dr. Overlock is one of the extremely active ple living in the country, and the book is full physicians who is helping to bring about an of valuable information for the city dweller improvement in social conditions which will as well. The chapters on disinfection, conta- make for the better health of the masses. In gious disease, mosquitoes, the control of tuber- the Introduction he says: "This is a plain culosis, hookworm disease, pellagra, and the book, written in a plain way, by a plain man, like, are particularly valuable for those living for plain people." Granted; but it is none the in the country.

195 N THE MAGAZINES

Discussion of Articles on Hygiene and Kindred Topics Which Appear in the March Issue of the Magazines Pearson's tions are practical, and are intended to add s NEARLY every one at some time needs to dignity and charm to that part of household consult an expert regarding his eyes. Thou- work which tends t,) degenerate into drudgery. sands, because of the seeming economy, con- The Mother's Magazine sult one of the " eyes tested free " establish- ments — often to their undoing. " The Fake MUCH more than parents may realize, the Eye-Glass Dealer," * by James R. Noland, in character of their food influences the future Pearson's Magazine (New York), tells in a health and efficiency of children. " The Worth candid way the tricks of the fake optician of Feeding Children Properly," by John Whit- and the ways of the optical diploma mills. man, in the Mother's Magazine (Elgin, Ill.), A perusal of the article may save many read- shows how proper food influences the phys- ers from a closer acquaintance and disastrous ical health and efficiency of the child, and how experience with these eye quacks. improper feeding leads to physical as well as There are approximately six million women moral bankruptcy. wage-earners in the United States, who, with Mischief and crime among children may be few exceptions, are paid considerable less than reduced by curing their physical defects. men. Richard Barry considers the question Laura Crozer tells the story in " Curing Chil- " Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men."* dren to Make Them Good." Mr. Barry deals with the facts and the laws Many girls know nothing whatever about as he has observed them in various States, and caring for their health. Dr. F. J. Stewart con- considers the question whether woman-suf- siders this important subject in the article frage will help women to obtain better salaries. " The Ignorance of Girls as to Themselves." Mr. Barry's observation convinces him that The " Defective Physical Condition of woman-suffrage has not thus far helped Schoolchildren," by H. F. Cable, discloses some women in a financial way. He arrives at cer- frightful conditions very prevalent in our tain conclusions which should be of interest to schools. A simple discussion of " Croup, every woman worker. Mumps, and Infantile Paralysis," with symp- toms and treatment, adds much to the value Good Housekeeping of this issue. WE have become a race of candy eaters, The Designer and, incidentally, nearly a toothless race. " The Candy Revel," by Barton Currie, in " BUYING BEAUTY AT THE GREENGROCER'S," * Good Housekeeping (Springfield, Mass.), is the picturesque title of a very prac- gives a review of the national candy habit, tical article by Winifred Fales, which ap- and its tremendous growth, and gives the pears in the Designer (New York). The views of physicians regarding the outcome of woman who seeks to increase or preserve her the national indulgence. beauty is coming to realize that she can not Prof. John R. Murlin, of Cornell University attain her object by means of creams and pow- Medical College, gives an article on " Food ders, but must develop beauty from the inside Requirement for Brain Work." out; the entire system must be freed from impurities. The wise woman awaking to this The Delineator fact seeks the greengrocer's instead of the " The People to Whom We Confide Our drug-store. The article outlines the effect of Children," by Marie Van Vorst. meat, tea, coffee, etc., on the complexion, and " Running the House by Rule," * by Eliza- offers suggestions for a simple dietary and beth Hale Gilman. This is the third of a simple treatments which act as beautifiers. series, the caption of the present article being " Kitchen Utensils and How to Care for * The articles designated by the asterisk Them." It might with propriety have been have been read by the editor of LIFE AN!) called " Cooking as a Fine Art." The direc- HEALTH. 196 IN THE MAGAZINES 197

The Chautauquan den Magazine—Farming (Garden City, L. I.), Sociological conditions have an intimate re- tells how he may, by means of annuals, convert lation to the health of the masses. It is not his back yard into a garden of delight. altogether within the power of the wage-earner Children's gardens are now generally rec- to regulate his life and that of his family ac- ognized as a means of physical, mental, and cording to the dictates of modern hygiene. moral education for the little ones, and as a He is a victim of the social conditions under most potent factor for health. " Children's which he lives. What is municipal ownership Gardens Everywhere," conducted by Ellen doing in the Old World? and what can it do in Eddy Shaw, gives practical directions to the the United States to prevent the exploitation child how to plan and make seed estimates for of the masses? Two articles in the March his garden. The problem of starting and Chautauquan by Percy Alden, M. P., and maintaining children's gardens is discussed. Charles Zeublin. Country Life in America Physiologic Therapeutics WE can not all bear the rigor of outdoor High blood pressure is an important factor sleeping. " Pretty Nearly Sleeping Outdoors," in the premature death of elderly men, espe- by H. S. Adams, in Country Life in America cially men of affairs, ." good livers." The (New York), describes a glass bedroom built March issue of Physiologic Therapeutics greenhouse fashion, which insures plenty of (Chicago), the Hypertension number gives fresh air and germ-killing sunshine, as well several articles on high blood pressure, as protection in bad weather. The March 1st among them " Muscular Fatigue as an Anti- issue is devoted to gardening; March 15th will dote to High Blood Pressure in Certain be a " Back to the Land" number. Cases, and Walking as a Factor in Reducing High Blood Pressure." The National Food Magazine " Food and Health Conditions in Germany," Garden Magazine — Farming by Rutledge Rutherford. OUTDOOR occupations, especially for the man " Tropical Fruits and How to Use Them." whose work is largely indoors, is a means of " Violations of the National Food Laws." health and recreation. A clerk shut in during " Domestic Science in the Home." office hours has a rented home with a back yard, which, because of the uncertain dura- Ladies' Home Journal tion of his tenancy, he hesitates to improve. " How Can I Keep Young?" by Dr. Lillian " A Renter's Garden," by C. L. Meller, in Gar- L. Bentley.

Opium Importations.— The annual import times as liable to typhoid infection as the of opium into the United States is seventy-five ordinary citizen. Present results seem to indi- thousand pounds, of which three fourths is cate that the inoculations will greatly dimin used by habitués. ish the typhoid incidence among nurses

Plague Stamped Out in the Philippines. Destroying Rats in England.— Because of -- The epidemic in the Philippines seems to be a rat plague in Suffolk, England, in which four entirely eradicated, as no case has been re- human cases occurred, a warfare against the ported there for a long time. rat is being carried on. Barium carbonate is recommended as the most practicable poison. Antityphoid Inoculations.---- In the Massa- It causes the rat to hunt for water in the open, chusetts training-schools for nurses there have and thus avoids the nuisance of dead rats in been some sixteen hundred antityphoid inocu- the house. One part of this poison to four of lations practised on four hundred five indi- meal, mixed in a dough, or the powder spread viduals with no bad results, and apparently on fish or moist toasted bread, is eaten readily with increased resistance against typhoid in- by the rats. As rats refuse to eat food that fection. From the frequency of typhoid infec- has poisoned other rats, it is necessary occa- tion among nurses it has been concluded that sionally to change the form of food in which the hospital nurse in Massachusetts is eight the poison is administered. A Costly Kiss.— A woman of New Castle, A Chair of Preventive Medicine.— The Pa., kissing her brother, who was dying of Washington University of St. Louis has just diphtheria, became ill with the disease and created a chair of preventive medicine. Un- herself died. .doubtedly all pragressive schools will in a short time take this advanced step. Cocain Importations.— In 1909 one hun- dred eighty-five thousand ounces of cocain Meeting of School Hygienists.— The fifth were imported into the United States. Of congress of the American Hygiene Association this amount only five thousand ounces were met in New York City, February 2-4. Such used legitimately by physicians, the ren.ainder topics were considered as " The Teaching of being used by victims of the cocain habit. Sex Hygiene," " Communicable Diseases," and " Open-Air Schools." Plague a Serious Menace in Manchuria. — The cables tell us that the plague situation An International Opium Conference.— in Manchuria is so serious as to threaten inter- There will be held at The Hague, Holland, national calamity. The Chinese government May 30, an International Conference on has invited experts from other countries to Opium, at which meeting there will be repre- give their time to the study of the situation, sentatives of the United States, Great Britain, and has offered to bear the expenses. France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Russia, and Siam. The Meals for Schoolchildren.— In Stockholm meeting will consider not only the use of the common council has voted a sum of money opium, but also the use of cocain and mor- yearly for the purpose of providing substan- phin. tial midday meals for the children in the pri- mary schools, and in some of these schools Moving Pictures and Crime.— Three New they are also given breakfast consisting of Jersey boys, inspired by witnessing in a mo- bread and milk, when this seems necessary. tion-picture show the scene of a hold-up, went School baths are fitted up in all of their pri- out and waylaid a man, robbing him of his mary schools, and are greatly appreciated by wallet containing two twenty-dollar bills and the children. a watch. The boys wore masks, but the man recognized one of them, and they were later City Versus Country. — Notwithstanding arrested in a saloon. When they were brought the unfavorable housing and tenement condi- up before the judge, they said they had at- tions of congested New York, the health of tended a motion-picture show, and thought the millions of that city seems to be better than they could accomplish a hold-up as success- that of the rural population of the State, the fully as shown in the pictures. death-rate in New York City being 14 per thousand, other cities 14.7, and rural New Consulting Housekeepers.— A suggestion York 15.8. The cry, " Back to the country," is is made by a writer in the Survey that every all right, but first let us do a little back-yard training-school teaching household administra- clearing in the country. Let us do away with tion should develop a corps of consulting fly breeders, insanitary wells, and the like. housekeepers, prepared to go into any home, study the situation thoroughly, and make a rec- A First-Aid Pullman Car.— A hospital on ommendation as to how the household should wheels, a specially arranged Pullman car, de- he administered in order to obtain the maxi- signed to be used as a lecture-car to teach the mum efficiency on the income available. The methods of first aid in districts where acci- time necessary for such a study and the nature dents are common, has been prepared for use of the report would vary according to the size of the American Red Cross Society. Besides or complexity of the household. Fees would dining and sleeping quarters for the staff, this vary in proportion. The work would include car has a room twenty-six feet long, which the installation of proper bookkeeping, the indi- can he used either as an emergency hospital cation of what proportion of the income should or a lecture-room. It is provided with the be devoted to the various elements of the most recent apparatus for aid in case of dis- budget, and instruction in sanitation. Such a aster, and also a moving-picture outfit to show plan would be of most use in households with the various methods of procedure in giving aid an income of from one thousand to ten thou- to the injured. sand dollars. 198 NEWS NOTES 199

For the Safety of the Public.— St. Louis Decrease in Death-Rate of Infants.— The is preparing to enforce the sterilization of percentage of deaths of infants under one year cups, glasses, forks, and spoons in hotels, res- of age in Berlin from 1870 to 1880 was 30; taurants, bars, and soda-fountains. from 1880 to 1890, 27.1 ; from 1890 to 190o, 23.2; from two to 191o, 19. This is the period The World's Congress on Alcoholism.— during which the practise of furnishing pure The Thirteenth International Congress on Al- milk to infants, which was begun in t8So, has coholism will be held at The Hague, Holland, been made more universal. This is more than Sept. 1-16, 1911. The discussion will be ar- a coincidence. ranged in two general topics : The Community Against Alcoholism, and The State Against The Omaha Typhoid Epidemic.— The city Alcoholism. of Omaha, Neb., was visited by an epidemic The Soy-Bean as a Diabetic Food.— The of typhoid November, 1909, which lasted till December issue of the American Journal of March, 1910, in which there were reported 582 the Medical Sciences gives a paper in which the cases with 59 deaths. The record is six times soy-bean is recommended for diabetics, be- as high as the normal typhoid rate of the cause of the fact that this bean contains prac- city. By invitation of the governor at the tically no starch. A French pharmacist has request of the local medical society, an inves- succeeded in making bread from the bean, tigation was undertaken by the United States which is said to resemble gingerbread, and a Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, number of diabetics in Algiers have been fed the results being reported in Bulletin No. 72 with this bread, with excellent results. The of the Hygienic Laboratory. As the result of beans may also be used as a vegetable by soak- careful investigation of all causes which might ing from twelve to sixteen hours, until the have to do with this epidemic, it was con= skins come off, and stirring until the skins rise eluded that the source of the outbreak is the to the surface, after which the beans are boiled Missouri River water, which is very much with salted water, seasoned, and served hot. polluted with sewage above the intake of the A gruel flour is made from the bean, which Omaha water-works. Careful recommenda- is very serviceable in the preparation of gruel, tions were made, which the city will undoubt- broth, or biscuit. edly heed. LISTERINE To promote and maintain personal hygiene

In all matters of personal hygiene Listerine is not only the best and safest, but the most agreeable antiseptic solution that is available for the purpose. The sterilization of the teeth may be most nearly accomplished by using Listerine as a mouth wash. The success of Listerine is based upon merit : the best advertisement of Listerine is—Listerine. Listerine Tooth Powder.—An innovation, in that it contains neither fermentative nor harshly abrasive ingredients. It is not intended to supplant Listerine in the daily toilet of the teeth, but is offered as a frictionary dentifrice to be used in conjunction with this well- known and time-tried antiseptic. Listerine Dermatic Soap.—A bland, unirritating and remarkably efficient soap designed to meet the most exacting requirements of a saponaceous detergent. It is of especial value in preventing cutaneous affections. Listerine Talcum Powder.—An excellent absorbent and deodorant, particularly adapted for use after shaving, and indispensable in the nursery to prevent soreness and chafing.

Interesting pamphlets on dental and general hygiene may be had upon request Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis, Mo.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." 200 LIFE AND HEALTH

Hookworm in. Porto Rico.— Major Ash- The Business World Going Dry.— It is ford, of the United States Army Medical not sentiment nor theory, but fact, that it is Corps, reports that there have been three hun- becoming more and more difficult for any but dred thousand cases of hookworm disease in abstainers to obtain positions of responsibility Porto Rico since 1904. By his energetic ad- in the business world. Of seven thousand em- ministration, which was carried on without ployers to whom queries were sent, nearly four the flourish of trumpets, so that we in the thousand replied that they do not employ men United States knew practically nothing about who use alcohol in any form. it, he has awakened the islanders to a reali- Where Doctors Disagree.— Some time zation of the fact that this disease is pre- ago in the " District" a man was kept a pris- ventable. He is confident that the island can oner for more than a year, and was not even be rid of the disease. allowed close communication with his own Public Health Service to Have New family. Word now comes that a Chinese leper Powers.— A bill has been introduced into in Passaic, N. J., has been released, and al- both houses of Congress, providing that the lowed to return to his laundry work, on the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service opinion of the city sanitarian that leprosy is be hereafter known as the Public Health Serv- not communicable in this climate. Possibly ice, and that this service be empowered to in- the difference between the climates of the vestigate the diseases of man and the condi- District of Columbia and Passaic, N. J., ac- tions influencing the propagation and spread counts for this difference in policy. thereof, including sanitation, sewage, and the Plague in Shanghai.— Plague is still pro- pollution of navigable streams and lakes ; and gressing in Shanghai, and is the cause of to issue from time to time bulletins for the alarm to the foreign population. The disease use of the public. This greatly increases the is mostly confined to the native section of the powers and consequently the usefulness of this city, but the difficulty of dealing with the situ- service, which heretofore has been confined ation on account of the opposition of the Chi- principally to the investigation of certain in- nese to the application of modern sanitary fectious diseases. measures, makes the matter one of special dan- A Lamentable Exhibition of Race Prej- ger. However, by means of fumigation, rat udice.— The Boston Medical and Surgical destruction, and rebuilding of houses so that Journal, commenting on the fact that more they are rat proof, and the isolation of in- than one hundred Georgetown and George fected persons, the work is progressing. Washington medical students refused to at- Enlarged Glands in Schoolchildren.— tend the lectures of one of the instructors be- From the examination of five hundred chil- cause, at a recent exercise of the class, several dren of the higher schools of Saxony, Dr. F. Negro students from Howard University were Gumprecht finds changes in the lymphatic present, says : " Such instances of race prej- glands in the neck to be extremely common, udice are unfortunate aqd unworthy in indi- about one half showing enlarged glands. The viduals of the supposed enlightenment of med- enlarged glands were more frequent in the ical students." It might have added that it is lower than in the higher classes. He found a lasting disgrace to the medical profession that the majority of children with changes in that these men, soon to become members of the glands already showed a slight falling off the profession, have yielded to such childish in the general state of their health ; that is, prejudice against fellow students in the same they showed such signs as paleness, thinness, high calling. and bad carriage. Bad Teeth and Scholarship.— Dr. Gulick, Cities Legally Liable for Water Pollution. president of the School Hygiene Association, — The Supreme Court of Minnesota has re- has estimated that two decayed teeth in the cently rendered a decision which may well mouth of a child are sufficient to retard the cause careless city officers some concern. child six months in his study. School inspect- There was an epidemic of typhoid fever in ors in New York City report that ninety per Mankato, Minn., determined by the State cent of schoolchildren are in need of profes- board of health to be due to pollution of the sional dental services. By the appointment of city water by sewage. The widows of two dental consultants and special lecturers in oral men who died of typhoid in this epidemic sued hygiene, Commissioner Porter, of the New the city on the ground that death was due York State Department of Health, who be- to negligence of the city officials. The case lieves that, as a germ disease, tooth decay finally went to the Supreme Court, and was should receive the attention of the State and decided against the city. The decision is just. local boards of health, is the first State com- It lays on the municipality the legal.responsi- missioner of health who has taken an active bility of keeping its conditions healthful. It part in the crusade for clean mouths by enlist- lessens the temptation to economize by the use ing the co-operation of the dental profession, of a makeshift of .unsanitary water-supply. THE FALLACY OF FIGHTING IT OUT IN NERVOUS DISEASES T is interesting to notice how dark night struck across the moorland. science often establishes facts In one place there was a number of dis- which were first observed by used mine shafts, some few filled up, the unscientific. For centuries men but others hundreds of feet deep. The were convinced that a good appetite is farmer, missing his way, found himself necessary to good digestion. Lately among the shafts. Knowing his ex- Powlow has proved that they were right. treme danger, he sat down, "resolved to Many have believed that in some way wait till morning. Becoming so cold red light is beneficial to smallpox. We that he could wait no longer, he tried have learned within recent years that with extreme caution to make his way this supposition is right. So in many in- out of the difficult situation, following stances the practical man is doing things the downward slope of the ground. In before the scientific man has learned the spite of his care, he found suddenly, on reason for his action. putting his foot down, that he was on In the spiritual life many have real- the edge of a shaft, and his foot dangling ized that spiritual conflicts are fraught in vacancy. He threw himself back- with most disagreeable and often dis- ward, but too late; he slid several feet, abling consequences. Abnormal psy- grasping the grass and heather. Finally chology now shows us something of the his foot struck a large stone, which ar- mechanism of these conflicts, and in rested his fall, and he hung there for sev- some instances enables us to prevent or eral hours in mental anguish, not daring remove their bad effects. We have to move, clinging to a tuft of heather, learned, for instance, that our advice to and shouting at intervals, in the hope patients that they " fight it out " in case that a searching party might be sent out of functional nervous disorders is wrong. to look for him. At last there was a If we should ask the patient troubled sound of voices, and the glare of lan- with nervous exhaustion, or hypochon- terns. Rescuers had been sent out. dria, or obsessions, or some form of de- They found that he was lying in a shaft pression, what he is doing about his that had been filled up, and that there many fears, anxieties, and perplexities, was firm ground a foot below him. If he will inform us that he is doing the the stone had given way, he would have best he can to " fight it out." That is been spared that long period of horror. certainly a brave thing to do; but if we This is a striking example of the atti- inquire how he is succeeding in his fight, tude of nervous people who attempt to he will almost certainly tell us that he is overcome their abnormal mental states. not doing well. Despite his most deter- The healthy man lives physically and mined efforts, the contest seems inter- morally without watching how he lives minable. There is no more pathetic any more than is necessary. If we begin spectacle than that of a man who has en- to study ourselves, we do not know gaged for years in this fruitless struggle, where it will lead us. The inevitable and has reaped nothing but discourage- outcome is mental disaggregation. The ment. Yet I believe such a man may majority of people escape this tendency. travel the road that leads, in some meas- Among those who suffer most intensely ure, at least, to success. are nervous people given to morbid look- A Cornish farmer returning home one ing inward. Every neurotic -is so inter-

201 202 LIFE AND HEALTH ested in the manner of his living that he waves, and others which produce little or. has little interest in life itself. He does none. By a process of analysis it is found not read without considering whether what associations set up emotional condi- he is going to fatigue his brain. He eats tions in an individual, and by appropriate nothing without watching the process of treatment these associations are set in digestion. If he walks, he fears he will the right light with the patient, and his overtax himself. Bathing may give him troubles disappear. a cold. In bed he is listening for his More interesting than the associations heart-beat, and frequently he is feeling themselves are changes in the electrical his pulse. So contracted has become his resistance of the body during the forma- mental horizon that he has ceased to be tion of an association of an emotional a useful member of society, and has be- nature. It has been learned that we come a burden to himself and his friends. can actually detect emotions by running To suggest to this man to fight this an electrical current through the body, condition is like asking the moth to get and measuring this current by means of into the flame; for the only place to fight a delicate galvanometer. Even one spo- is in his mind, a fight between will and ken word setting up an emotional reflex emotions, with an intellect wavering be- may cause a change in the reading of the tween one and the other. It is a fight to galvanometer. This shows the profound the finish ; and this poor patient finds influence of ideas upon our emotional there is no finish for him. It is like the stability. If a disagreeable emotional squirrel going round and round in his complex can produce nervous instability, cage, while his strength and especially the formation of such complexes in his courage are suffering in consequence. " fighting it out " is a blunder. I knew a young man with moderate Further, it has been proved that an nervous exhaustion go to the woods of effort to crowd out disagreeable expe- Maine to " fight it out ; " but he returned riences, or to " forget it," is often the a slave to his magnified fears and abnor- source of troublesome nervous disorders. mal sensations. To fight is to cling in The young girl attempts to smother the desperation, as the Cornish farmer did, memory of a disagreeable experience, to mental grass and heather, with the and finds herself later the victim of hys- solid earth only a foot beneath. teria ; and not till this smothering expe- The morbid fears are not physical rience is brought to light and assimilated, things. It is impossible directly to stran- is such a girl returned to her former gle them out of existence. So elusive health of mind and body. We pay by are they that when apparently banished nervous instability for trying to smother for good they have a disagreeable habit disagreeable experiences. of turning up at most inopportune times. There are scarcely any of us but have And though the patient on numerous endeavored to crowd out some disagree- occasions has fought and won the con- able experience of the past, and in doing test, the fight has to be continued as often so, have been conscious, first, of the fu: as a rebel thought gives challenge. tility of the effort, and, second, of its Through a number of researches we disturbing effect upon the tranquillity of have come in possession of a vast amount the mind. We have made a bad matter of knowledge of the factors which have worse. If this is true in regard to nor- to do with the different states of psycho- mal individuals, how much more true of logical instability. There are certain as- the nervously unstable. To maintain a sociations of ideas which mark emotional mental conflict within one's own mind is ABSTRACTS 203 to prevent the unselfconsciousness so Hygiene of the Mouth and Teeth essential to mental health. It is not so much drugs that many PROMINENT cause of decay is nervous people need ; it is the practical A the lodgment of particles of food, philosophy of life — one that will enable especially starches and sugars, between them to enter more courageously the the teeth and in the depressions. In or- dusty arena with men and women, or der to prevent decay of food, which be- fight the perplexing problems of life. A gins very quickly in the mouth, it is certain amount of worry is inseparable important to brush the teeth thoroughly from any active life; to accept such after each meal. The best instrument worry philosophically is worth more than for this purpose is the old-fashioned all the efforts to try to " fight it out." tooth-brush made of hog's bristles, which But the nervous person says, " I can should not be so stiff as to injure the not let go," or, rather, " I do not let go gums, but should be stiff enough to re- because I have never been taught how move all foreign matter from between to do it." The Cornish farmer clung the teeth. because he could not sec, therefore did With the greatest care, it is difficult not know that the ground was just below to keep the teeth entirely clean ; and the him. This is the predicament of the majority of people are careless with poor nervous person who is in ignorance their teeth. Hence it is of great impor- of the meaning of his morbid ideas, sen- tance to arrange the food so as to di- sations, and emotions. Like the farmer, minish the tendency of, the starches and he assumes a catastrophe, and in trying sugars to lodge between the teeth. Food to "fight it down" he sets up within him- should, therefore, be eaten dry, coarse, self a constant turmoil of anxiety and and fibrous in order to require mastica- depression. Left to himself he can do tion ; incidentally, this prolongs mastica- nothing to solve the recurring riddle. tion in children, and tends to strengthen It is here that the trained and sym- the teeth and develop the jaws. As a pathetic physician finds his field of result of this, the jaws become larger and greatest usefulness. He should be a broader, affording more room, and as a man who brings the light ; and as the consequence there is less crowding of the farmer put his foot on the ground when teeth. the lanternS of the rescuers revealed it, Having in mind only the prevention so may the nervous sufferer relax his of deCay, the foods to be eaten not too hold upon his fears when his physician frequently are the soft, mushy foods, es- reveals to him the emancipating truth. pecially if loaded with sugar, and candy. The problem, then, is to educate him Raw foods and salads, dry toast, stale out of the habit of fighting, to one of bread and butter, and vegetables, cooked surrender, based upon knowledge. The so that they are dry and require chew- metamorphosis is no easy task. The Cor- ing, are better for the health. Even nish farmer doubtless felt pain and young children after they have com- stiffening for days as the result of cling- menced to cut their teeth should be ing to the grass, and it is too much to given crusts of bread or dry toast, and expect that nervous people will have no later other forms of hot food which re- trace of the fight after they have sur- quire chewing,- to take the place of milk rendered.—John E. Donley, M. D., and gruels and various mushy foods.— Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Asso- Nov. 3, 191o. ciation, Nov. 26, 1910. WE SEE IT

Osler's Challenge ANTIVACCINAT1ONISTS the filthy and dangerous custom which is have been speaking of becoming so firmly established. " Dr. Osler's silence," and now he comes In Washington, D. C., a different con- out in the American Magazine with the dition prevails. Notices in the street- statement : " I would like to go into the cars inform the public that " spitting is next severe epidemic with ten selected unlawful," but they are not seen or not vaccinated persons and ten selected un- heeded by a certain class of passengers, vaccinated persons. I prefer to choose who need more than the gentle admo- the latter,— three members of Parlia- nition of a warning sign to deter them ment, three antivaccination doctors (if from the filthy practise of spitting on the they can be found), and four antivacci- car floor. At one time a person who nation propagandists,— and I will make seemed to be a consumptive ejected his this promise: never to jeer nor to jibe filthy and dangerous expectoration on that they caught the disease; to look the floor, and a policeman sitting two after them as brothers; and for the four or three seats from him seemed to pay or five who are sure to die, I will try to no attention to it. arrange the funerals with all the pomp We are convinced that nothing less and ceremony of an antivaccination dem- than a drastic enforcement of the law onstration." will have a salutary effect on the class We have not yet heard of the antivac- which claims the right as American citi- cinationists taking up this challenge. If zens to befoul sidewalks and floors of they do (which is not very likely), it will assembly-rooms and public conveyances. be interesting to observe the outcome. Cactus Proved A SERIES Of very tic to Be Inert careful experiments To Spit or THE Boston Police on the action of cactus grandiflorus and Not to Spit? Board, determined to its preparations, conducted in the phar- enforce the antispitting ordinance, re- maceutical laboratory of the Cornell Uni- cently arrested in about three weeks versity by Drs. Robert A. Hatcher and four hundred fifty-nine persons for Harold C. Bailey, and reported in the spitting on streets and in public places. Journal American Medical Association, At first a two-dollar fine was imposed, January 7, show that cactus is absolutely but as this did not seem to be sufficiently inert in its action on the heart. In view deterrent, the fine was raised to five of the fact that many physicians have dollars. One person, for a second of- used this drug as a sheet-anchor in heart fense, was fined ten dollars; and one who troubles, and that most of the proprie- refused to pay his fine, though able to do tary houses have preparations of cactus so, was sentenced to eight days in the for which they make remarkable claims, house of correction. This seems to be a we ponder the fact that not only laymen severe method of dealing; but nothing but physicians are not infrequently de- less rigid appears adequate to break up hided as to the efficacy of drugs. 204 01 _41giok I. X. L. Cooking Oil Discriminating housewives and successful bakers of high-grade bread, cake and pastry use this Cooking Oil in preference to any other cooking fat in shortening and for general cooking. There are three facts about "I. X. L" Cooking Oil which mark it an article of sterling merit: Wholesomeness, Purity and Cheapness: "I. X. L" Cooking Oil is an absolutely Wholesomeness neutral, odorless cooking fat. Eminent phy- sicians and authorities on dietetic subjects maintain that the use of pure vegetable oils for cooking and edible purposes generally aids digestion and makes a more healthful body. "I. X. L." Cooking Oil requires less than other cooking Cheapness fats. The oil may be used repeatedly as it does not ab— sorb any odor from the articles cooked therein. "I. X. L." Cooking Oil is pure refined Purity cotton seed oil, manufactured under the highest standards of cleanliness. Ask your grocer for it—insist on getting it. Once acquainted with it, you will want no other. That's the reason "I. X. L." Cooking Oil is found to-day in the majority of the best kitchens and ba- keries in the United States. THAT'S WHY IT La X.L. SHOULD ALSO BE IN YOURS! Write for "L X. L." booklet of recipes fot r poogiNG oi making bread, pastry, cakes and other kitchen dainties. It will be mailed free of charge. NEWTo NEWYORK ct CHICAGO a CINCINNATI maST. LOUIS .= NEW ORLEANS = MEMPHIS UNION OIL COMPANY Providence PURE SALAD OIL

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A Story of Vigor, Action, Courage, and Adventure

No modern tale of romance or adventure surpasses in interest this story of the fortunes of Jonathan, son of the king of Israel. The love of this royal youth for the shepherd lad David, and the marvelous happenings that befall the two, form a narrative no less interesting because true. "A Man of Valor " By Arthur W. Spaulding

is the true story of a real boy and of his growth into the same vigorous and valorous manhood to which every real boy aspires to-day. It's description of the intrigues of kings, the clash of opposing armies, and the final triumph of right over might, are most inspiring. The "Man of Valor" is a book which, once opened and read, becomes a chosen friend. While specially a book for boys, there are few girls who will not read it with intense interest. For the lessons of practical value which naturally connect themselves with the narrative, it is well worth while for every parent to place this book in the hands of his children. In Cloth, Handsomely Illustrated, the price is $ .75. Order from your Tract Society or from

Review 6 Herald Publishing Association WASHINGTON. D. C. % lien you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." JUST COMPLETED What Would Health be Worth to You? The illustration below is of Would it he worth a trip to California's famous "GARDEN CITY" and a so- our new building just finished. journ among the groves and flowers (ten acres of them) of the pleasant This is the most modem and complete sanitarium building which has been erected in the GARDEN CITY SANITARIUM last five years. It is of solid (Cottage Plan) steel and concrete, ten-inch Visitors tell us there is no sanitarium in Cal ifornia, or in the entire coun- walls, tile floors, large airy try for that matter, offering greater adv antages in climate, location, rooms, guest-rooms with private equipment, or general attractiveness. • Sunshine and flowers the baths, handsome and complete year round. Modern operating-rooms, etc. Practi- appliances and equip- cally fire proof. This is our ment throughout. fourth building. All steam Location is ideal heated and lighted by -just a short electricity. ride from the --"'"15511. New San Fran- c is c o, the great west- ern gate- way of the nation. Write to-day for rates. L. J. Belknap, President Garden City San- itarium San Jose, Cal.

BATH TUB WEIGHT, 14 POUNDS COSTS LITTLE Requires little water The Working People Write for special offer N. Y. L. Bath Mfg. Co., Mgrs. Vapor Their Health and How to Bath Cabinets 103 Chamber St., New York City Protect It By M. G. Overlock, M. D. LAM E PEOPLE A book that tells in plain Ail persons afflicted with a language how to gain and shortenedorweaklimb should write at once for our booklet preserve that most precious AFTER .11512°85 ' ' P." The Pittsburg Ortho- possession—HEALTH. I t pedic Company, the largest manufacturers of deformity deals with the prevention of appliances in the world. 635 Liberty St.. Pittsburg, I', Consumption, D y spepsia. Rheumatism, Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, Typhoid Fever, Heart-disease, and other ail- WHY YOU ments. It shows how to Because our peanut butter be- avoid and overcome Worry ing absolutely pure supplies SHOULD EAT all the health-giving elements and Nervousness, and how to that meat does. g It is cheap- Dr. Overlock extend youthful health and PEANUT er than porter-house woula be spirits into advancing years. if you could buy it at six cents BUTTER per lb. Remember that this is Every one who desires health and the an all-round food, pleasing to successful happy life that results from it, should the taste ; healthful and nutri- order this book at once, and profit by the valu- tious, may be used in many ways, and at present the cheapest food known. q Quality able knowledge it contains. considered, our pric. s can not be beaten. 5 lb. pails per Ib, - $.12 511b. cans per lb. - $.10 Cloth Bound, With Gold Lettered Cover, $2.00 101b. - - .12 13 lb. fiber pails per 16..12 20 lb. - - .111-2 25 lb. .11 Postage Prepaid 25 lb. cam - - .11 40 lb. " " " " .101-2 q These prices are strictly cash with order, and F. 0. B. Bay City. g We will be pleased to quote prices delivered Overlock Publishing Company on any amount or package upon request; a trial can and re- ceipt book sent post-paid for ten cents. 534 Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Building St. Laurent Bros., 1221-23 Saginaw St., Bay City, Mich. Boston Massachusetts

', hell you write to our advertisers, please y, " I saw your ad.' In LIFE AND HEALTH." Your Mental Food Is Not Balanced If You Don't Read These Periodicals

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48 pages and cover. Prophetic and other Biblical subjects; Tern- 8 pages weekly. It contains perance, Missions, Healthful Liv- Bible stories, simple, practical 16 pages weekly. It contains ing, and Current Topics. $1.00 a health talks, thrilling stories of more matter on religious subjects year. Agents wanted to sell this than any similar publication in missionaries, lessons about birds, magazine at 10c. the world. The year, $1.75. animals, flowers. The year, 6oc.

With yearly subscriptions to the weekly Signs of the Times OUR PREMIUM OFFER. at $2.00, we furnish, post-paid, a copy of a specially printed cloth-bound book entitled - Questions and Answers.'• It contains answers to hundreds of those questions which are most perplexing to the Bible student. Send all orders through your tract society if address is known; otherwise to the Signs of the Times, Mountain View, Cal.

A QUEER KIND OF FRUIT

IT If you wish to want to know what learn all this strange about a fruit really wonderful is, and how island in it is used the Pacific for food Ocean Send One Dollar for THE STORY OF PITCAIRN ISLAND Order of Your Tract Society, or Pacific Press Publishing Association Portland, Ore. MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL. Kansas City, Mo

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."

Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium Boulder, Colorado

The Boulder-Colorado San- itarium is a well-equipped and well-regulated institution for the treatment of all chronic disorders. 1. the only San- itarium in the Rocky Moun- tain region intelligently em- ploying the same system cu rational treatment and con- ducted on the same general health principles as the Battle Creek (Mich.) Sanitarium. The Buildings are equipped with all modern conveniences, including Steam Heating, Electric Lights, Elevators, Gymnasium ; Baths of every description, including the Electric-Light Bath, Massage, and Manual Swedish Move- ments ; Electricity in every form. Classified Dietary, Laboratory of Hygiene for bacteriolc gical, chemical, and microscopical investigations; experienced Physicians and well-trained Nurses of bo h sexes. No :ontagious or offen- sive diseases are received in the institution. Write for catalogue and card of rates.

They Help the Sabbath-School CONSUMPTION

is curable and pre- Teacher ventable. A great majority of cases can be cured, without Our Scripture Text Cards drugs, and largely are a great help to the through the pa- Sabbath-School Teacher in tient's own efforts. impressing Bible Text s upon the minds of the This book tells how: young students. DR. DAVIS The texts are in blocked CONSUMPTION silver letters, on rich, enam- Its Prevention and Cure eled cards, with silk cord Without Medicine With chapters on Sanitation, and Prevention or other for hanging. In boxes of Diseases, by CHARLES H. S. DAVIS, M. D., member of the New Haven County Medical Society, Connecticut 12, per set, 25 cents. State Medical Society, American Health League, etc. Not a theoretical, but a thoroughly practical book, based on actual experience. Treats upon the open-air life, rational diet, and other important subjects. Con- REVIEW AND HERALD tains 216 pages. In cloth, post-paid, $1. Washington, D. C. Review 4 Herald Pub. Assn., Washington, D. C.

\V hen you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." Washington S. D. A. Sanitarium

A most attractive health resort, beautiful for situation, located only seven miles from the nation's Capitol at an elevation of over 30o feet. The climate is excellent the year round. No mosquitoes or other pests. Open- air life may be enjoyed without molestation. The well-known sanitarium methods employed in restoring the sick to health. Baths, Massage, Electricity, Diets, etc.

Address WASHINGTON SANITARIUM Phone 1 27 Takoma Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.

I A GOOD COOK BOOK Steps to Christ For 25 Cents By ELLEN G. WHITE There are enough valu- This is just the able and practical sugges- book for a gift to tions of new and tasty your friend or dishes to be found in — members of your " A FRIEND IN THE Sabbath - school KITCHEN " class. It contains By Mrs. Anna L. Cokord fi f teen chapters to keep you busy for months testing them and written from an gaining the benefit of the intimate know l- n e w idea s suggested. edge of the human There are over 400 care- fully tested recipes and soul's longing for hundreds of valuable sug- greater nearness gestions. The book con- tains 20 departments. to the Saviour, by The chapter " How to one who has long Can Fruit " is alone worth the price of the whole walked with the book. Master and knows his ways. It is a Your name on the cou- book which should have a wide cir- pon below, accompanied 1IIH rT ltu1 by 25 cents, will bring the culation for the marvelous good that book to you, post-paid. it can do. For the next birthday gift that you COUPON purchase, order a copy of " Steps to Christ." In cloth, handsomely illus- Review and Herald Pub. Assn., Washington, D. C'. trated, 544 pages, 6o cents, post-paid. For the 25 cents enclosed, send " A lifFRIEND IN THE KITCHEN," post-paid, to Review and Herald Pub. Assn. Washington, D. C.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, ' 1 saw your ad! in LIFE AND HEALTH."

In Sunny Long Beach Sanitarium

California At beautiful LONG BEACH, SOUTHERN CALIFOR- NIA'S FAMOUS WINTER RESORT, WHERE IT IS ALWAYS SUMMER-TIVIE. New pressed brick building. Every modern convenience. The finest and best equipped in- stitution west of Michigan. VERY LATEST SANITA- RIUM METHODS. Patients enjoy long walks, riding, dri- Iillllk ving, and motoring on beautiful macadamized streets. Also boating, and the most delightful WINTER surf bathing in the world. Tennis, golf, etc. Our handsome FREE booklet tells the rest.

W. Ray Simpson, Mgr., LONG BEACH, CAL. Tell your friends where to go.

TRY NUT-CERO ROAST

A successful new meat-substi- PRICE-LIST tute made from nuts and wheat. PACKAGE Nut-Cero As appetizing as any meat, and Graham Crackers, sweetened - $ .10 much more wholesome and nutritious. Wholly free from poi- White Crackers .10 Ideal Soup Crackers - - - - .10 sons and disease germs. Put up in sealed cans, in which condi- Oatmeal Crackers, 15 cents ; 2 for 25 tion it keeps indefinitely. Can be used for making dozens of Fruit Crackers 20 tempting dishes. Zwieback or Toast - - - - 15 Caramel Cereal or Cereal Blend - 15 SANITARIUM HEALTH FOODS Wheat Flakes ( Toasted ) - - 10 contain no lard, no soda, no baking-powder. They are pure, Wheat Flakes Biscuit (Toasted) 10 wholesome, and delicious. The products of old, reliable firms. Fruit Nuts ( Malted) - - - 10 Sanitarium Gluten Meal, about 202: 20 Complete price-list and order-blanks on request. Sanitarium Gluten Meal, about 40 40 Sanitarium Gluten Sticks, about 40% 20 Charcoal Tablets .25 OUR SPECIAL OFFER : CAN Baked Beans, 15 cents; 2 for - .25 To introduce these foods we will ship Peanut Butter - - - - - .25 $5.00 worth of any of the foods in the Malted Nuts .60 accompanying list to any address, for $4.50 Nut-Cero, lb. 15 cents; I lb. .25 Nut Loaf, rz lb. 15 cents; I lb. - .25 SANITARIUM FOOD CO. Special Rates to the Trade and Institutions Boulder, Can. College Place, Wash. College View, Neb. Portland, Oregon. St. Helena, Cal. Order from the Factory nearest you

New England Sanitarium, Melrose (Boston), Mass. Is the largest and best equipped institution in the Eastern States employing a rational sys- tem of physiological therapeutics. Is situated six miles from Boston, in the midst of a State Park of 3,50o acres. Is well equipped with modern conveniences, and with every appliance for the successful treat- ment of disease, including the Hydro-electric Bath, Electric-light Bath, Russian Bath, Mas- sage, Manual Swedish Movements, Electricity, and X-Ray. Special attention given to surgical cases. Experienced physicians and well-trained nurses of both sexes are in charge. Send for booklet.

When you write to our advertiNers, please say, "I saw your • ad.' in 1,1 FE H 1:111."

TRI-CITY SANITARIUM - MOLINE, ILL.

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.II I —^n^'"Irmittirtm, , ; tr II ,10

N institution olphysioiogica7 therapeutct tquippeci with every appliance that modern science can provide for the treatment of the sick; including Galvanic, Static, Sinusoidal, and Faradic electricity, X-ray, Violet ray, and radiant A heat of all kinds. A gymnasium and a Swedish mechanical movement and massage department are at the disposal of the patient. These are fully equipped, and include vibration of every kind beneficial to invalids. Besides th.;, above, the splendidly equipped treatment-rooms provide for the use of all forms of hydrotherapy, such as electric-light baths, hydro-electric baths, Nauheim baths, shampoos, salt glows, and packs of all kinds. Contagious and infectious diseases not received A postal will bring a beautifully illustrated booklet free.

HOME AND HEALTH A Home Maker and a Health Retainer It embraces " The Home,"— how to make it; " General Housekeeping,"— all of its details; " The Diet,"— what it should be; " The Care of the Body,"— revealing the simple things one must do to keep the body healthy; " The Care and Training of Children,"— sound common sense for par- ents: " The Home Treatment of Disease,"— a valuable in- structor, doctor, and nurse. It reveals some of the most practical means by which we may make our homes in every way desirable. It tells us how to live a plain, happy, consistent, simple life. It imparts information that will prove to be practical in the mechanical construction of homes. It enables the reader to apply many of the remedies of nature in the treatment of common diseases. It will lighten the labors of many an overburdened house- keeper through practical suggestions on housekeeping. It is that kind of book that never causes the purchaser to regret buying it. It is bound in the following styles: — Cloth, Marbled Edges . $3.00 Half Morocco 4.00 Full Morocco 5.00

Takoma Park, Review and Herald Publishing Assn. Washington, D. C.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." Where Health Is Contagious Saint Helena

Part of Main Building Thirty years ago the St. Helena San- itarium was founded on the sunny slope of one of the foothills of the Howell Mountain. For thirty years, nestled in the sheltered nook selected by its found- ers, it has grown and prospered. To- day it is the best-known sanitarium on the Pacific Coast. Located 75o feet above sea-level, with an unsurpassed view over the beautiful Napa Valley, 50o feet below, surrounded by a wealth of Californian verdure, and A View on the Lawn sparkling crystal springs, the St. Helena Sanitarium has been favored by a fortu- nate combination of conditions condu- cive to health-building. Sick People Get Well at St. Helena They go away and tell others of the delightful climate, the beautiful scenery, the pleasant, homelike accommodations and appetite-creating cuisine, and — what is not of least importance — the excel- lent medical attention and health train- The Dining-Room ing which each patient receives. This has been for thirty years our best ad- vertising — satisfied patrons. We can not tell you very much about the sanitarium in this small space. Let us send you our illustrated booklet. This will give you a better idea of the place, its surroundings, and its advan- tages. Ambulance will meet all trains when required. St. Helena-California Sanitarium Sanitarium Napa County California A Group of Nurses

THIS COUPON, filled out, de. tached, and mailed to us, will bring you a free illustrated book. L&H 11 1 St. Helena Sanitarium, Sanitarium, Cal.:— Please send your free illus- trated booklet to :— Name Some of the Tents Address

When you write to our advertisers, please say. " T saw your ' ad.' In LIFE AND WEArill." Good Morning! I've had my Toasted Corn Flakes. Have You? TOASTED CORN NONE GENUINE WITHOUT THIS SIGNATURE

Katlic MARS MIN HaalECI 4,4.111.1 c_PE 4.ozatAexastof

Copyright 1910. Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Co. When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."