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Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment
NASA Reference Publication 1390 - j Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach, and M.B. Alexander, Editor August 1996 NASA Reference Publication 1390 Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield Universities Space Research Association • Huntsville, Alabama R.D. Leach Computer Sciences Corporation • Huntsville, Alabama M.B. Alexander, Editor Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center ° MSFC, Alabama 35812 August 1996 PREFACE The effects of the natural space environment on spacecraft design, development, and operation are the topic of a series of NASA Reference Publications currently being developed by the Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, Systems Analysis and Integration Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center. This primer provides an overview of seven major areas of the natural space environment including brief definitions, related programmatic issues, and effects on various spacecraft subsystems. The primary focus is to present more than 100 case histories of spacecraft failures and anomalies documented from 1974 through 1994 attributed to the natural space environment. A better understanding of the natural space environment and its effects will enable spacecraft designers and managers to more effectively minimize program risks and costs, optimize design quality, and achieve mission objectives. .o° 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS -
The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available. -
Telecommunikation Satellites: the Actual Situation and Potential Future Developments
Telecommunikation Satellites: The Actual Situation and Potential Future Developments Dr. Manfred Wittig Head of Multimedia Systems Section D-APP/TSM ESTEC NL 2200 AG Noordwijk [email protected] March 2003 Commercial Satellite Contracts 25 20 15 Europe US 10 5 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 European Average 5 Satellites/Year US Average 18 Satellites/Year Estimation of cumulative value chain for the Global commercial market 1998-2007 in BEuro 35 27 100% 135 90% 80% 225 Spacecraft Manufacturing 70% Launch 60% Operations Ground Segment 50% Services 40% 365 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 Consolidated Turnover of European Industry Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders 2000 30 2001 25 2002 3 (7) Firm Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2002 Manufacturer Customer Satellite Astrium Hispasat SA Amazonas (Spain) Boeing Thuraya Satellite Thuraya 3 Telecommunications Co (U.A.E.) Orbital Science PT Telekommunikasi Telkom-2 Indonesia Hangar Queens or White Tails Orders in 2002 for Bargain Prices of already contracted Satellites Manufacturer Customer Satellite Alcatel Space New Indian Operator Agrani (India) Alcatel Space Eutelsat W5 (France) (1998 completed) Astrium Hellas-Sat Hellas Sat Consortium Ltd. (Greece-Cyprus) Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003 Manufacturer Customer Satellite Astrium Telesat Anik F1R 4.2.2003 (Canada) Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003 SES GLOBAL Three RFQ’s: SES Americom ASTRA 1L ASTRA 1K cancelled four orders with Alcatel Space in 2001 INTELSAT Launched five satellites in the last 13 month average fleet age: 11 Years of remaining life PanAmSat No orders expected Concentration on cash flow generation Eutelsat HB 7A HB 8 expected at the end of 2003 Telesat Ordered Anik F1R from Astrium Planned Commercial Telecom Satellite Orders in 2003 Arabsat & are expected to replace Spacebus 300 Shin Satellite (solar-array steering problems) Korea Telecom Negotiation with Alcatel Space for Koreasat Binariang Sat. -
Probability of Collision in the Geostationary Orbit*
PROBABILITY OF COLLISION IN THE GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT* Raymond A. LeClair and Ramaswamy Sridharan MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420 USA, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT/RESUME The initial Geosynchronous Encounter Analysis (GEA) CRDA spanned two years beginning in mid 1997. The advent of geostationary satellite communication During this period, Lincoln Laboratory provided timely 37 years ago, and the resulting continued launch activ- warning of encounters between Telstar 401 and partner ity, has created a population of active and inactive geo- satellites and precision orbits for these objects for use synchronous satellites which will interact, with genu- in avoidance maneuver planning [1]. In all, 32 en- ine possibility of collision, for the foreseeable future. counters between Telstar 401 and a partner satellite As a result of the failure of Telstar 401 three years ago, were supported in 24 months leading to nine avoidance MIT Lincoln Laboratory, in cooperation with commer- maneuvers incorporated into routine station keeping cial partners, began an investigation into this situation. and six dedicated avoidance maneuvers. This process Under the agreement, Lincoln worked to ensure a col- has led to a validated concept of operations for en- lision did not occur between Telstar 401 and partner counter support at Lincoln. satellites and to understand the scope and nature of the Active problem. The results of this cooperative activity and Satellites recent results to carefully characterize the actual prob- SOLIDARIDAD 02 ANIK E1 04-Oct-1999 ability of collision in the geostationary orbit are de- 114 SOLIDARIDAD 1 GOES 07 scribed. ANIK E2 112 MSAT M01 ) ANIK C1 110 GSTAR 04 deg USA 0114 1. -
Britain Back in Space
Spaceflight A British Interplanetary Society Publication Britain back in Space Vol 58 No 1 January 2016 £4.50 www.bis-space.com 1.indd 1 11/26/2015 8:30:59 AM 2.indd 2 11/26/2015 8:31:14 AM CONTENTS Editor: Published by the British Interplanetary Society David Baker, PhD, BSc, FBIS, FRHS Sub-editor: Volume 58 No. 1 January 2016 Ann Page 4-5 Peake on countdown – to the ISS and beyond Production Assistant: As British astronaut Tim Peake gets ready for his ride into space, Ben Jones Spaceflight reviews the build-up to this mission and examines the Spaceflight Promotion: possibilities that may unfold as a result of European contributions to Suszann Parry NASA’s Orion programme. Spaceflight Arthur C. Clarke House, 6-9 Ready to go! 27/29 South Lambeth Road, London, SW8 1SZ, England. What happens when Tim Peake arrives at the International Space Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 3160 Station, where can I watch it, listen to it, follow it, and what are the Fax: +44 (0)20 7582 7167 broadcasters doing about special programming? We provide the Email: [email protected] directory to a media frenzy! www.bis-space.com 16-17 BIS Technical Projects ADVERTISING Tel: +44 (0)1424 883401 Robin Brand has been busy gathering the latest information about Email: [email protected] studies, research projects and practical experiments now underway at DISTRIBUTION the BIS, the first in a periodic series of roundups. Spaceflight may be received worldwide by mail through membership of the British 18 Icarus Progress Report Interplanetary Society. -
Issue #1 – 2012 October
TTSIQ #1 page 1 OCTOBER 2012 Introducing a new free quarterly newsletter for space-interested and space-enthused people around the globe This free publication is especially dedicated to students and teachers interested in space NEWS SECTION pp. 3-22 p. 3 Earth Orbit and Mission to Planet Earth - 13 reports p. 8 Cislunar Space and the Moon - 5 reports p. 11 Mars and the Asteroids - 5 reports p. 15 Other Planets and Moons - 2 reports p. 17 Starbound - 4 reports, 1 article ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ARTICLES, ESSAYS & MORE pp. 23-45 - 10 articles & essays (full list on last page) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENTS & TEACHERS pp. 46-56 - 9 articles & essays (full list on last page) L: Remote sensing of Aerosol Optical Depth over India R: Curiosity finds rocks shaped by running water on Mars! L: China hopes to put lander on the Moon in 2013 R: First Square Kilometer Array telescopes online in Australia! 1 TTSIQ #1 page 2 OCTOBER 2012 TTSIQ Sponsor Organizations 1. About The National Space Society - http://www.nss.org/ The National Space Society was formed in March, 1987 by the merger of the former L5 Society and National Space institute. NSS has an extensive chapter network in the United States and a number of international chapters in Europe, Asia, and Australia. NSS hosts the annual International Space Development Conference in May each year at varying locations. NSS publishes Ad Astra magazine quarterly. NSS actively tries to influence US Space Policy. About The Moon Society - http://www.moonsociety.org The Moon Society was formed in 2000 and seeks to inspire and involve people everywhere in exploration of the Moon with the establishment of civilian settlements, using local resources through private enterprise both to support themselves and to help alleviate Earth's stubborn energy and environmental problems. -
Boeing 702 Fleet
Boeing 702 Fleet ! List of Boeing 702 Satellite operators have Programs responded enthusiastically to the vastly increased ! List of 702s On Order capabilities represented by the Boeing 702. Boeing Satellite Systems (BSS) announced the innovative satellite series in October 1995. Evolved from the popular, proven 601 and 601HP (high-power) spacecraft, the body- stabilized Boeing 702 is the 01PR 01507 world leader in capacity, High resolution image available here performance and cost- efficiency. As of June 2005, 19 of these powerful satellites had been ordered, with options for six more. The first satellite was launched in 1999. The satellite can carry more than 100 high-power transponders, and deliver any communications frequencies that customers request. The Boeing 702 design is directly responsive to what customers said they wanted in a communications satellite, beginning with lower cost and including the high reliability for which the company is renowned. For maximum customer value and producibility at minimum total cost, the Boeing 702 offers a broad spectrum of modularity. A primary example is payload/bus integration. After the payload is tailored to customer specifications, the payload module mounts to the common bus module at only four locations and with only six electrical connectors. This design simplicity confers major advantages. First, nonrecurring program costs are reduced, because the bus does not need to be changed for every payload, and payloads can be freely tailored without affecting the bus. Second, the design permits significantly faster parallel bus and payload processing. This leads to the third advantage: a short production schedule. Further efficiency derives from the 702's advanced xenon ion propulsion system (XIPS), which was pioneered by BSS and is produced today by Boeing Electron Dynamic Devices, Inc. -
System Analysis and Design of the Geostationary Earth Orbit All-Electric Communication Satellites
https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v13.1205 REVIEW ARTICLE System Analysis and Design of the Geostationary Earth Orbit All-Electric Communication Satellites Parsa Abbasrezaee1,* , Ali Saraaeb2 1.Sapienza University of Rome – Aerospace Engineering School – Rome – Italy. 2.Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology – Aerospace department – Tehran – Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT With the help of gathered data and formulas extracted from a previous conference paper, the all-electric geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) communication satellite statistical design was conducted and further studied with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. Moreover, with the help of previously determined system parameters, the orbital ascension, orbital maintenance and deorbiting specifications, calculations and simulations were persuaded. Furthermore, a parametric subsystem design was conducted to test the methods reliability and prove the feasibility of such approach. The parametric subsystem design was used for electrical power subsystem (EPS), attitude determination and control system (ADCS), electric propulsion, telemetry, tracking and control (TT&C) in conceptual subsystem design level, which highly relies on the satellite type and other specifications, were concluded in this paper; other subsystem designs were not of a significant difference to hybrid and chemical satellites. Eventually, the verification of the mentioned subsystems has been evaluated by contrasting the results with the Space mission engineering: the new SMAD, and subsystem design book reference. Keywords: All-electric; GEO; AHP and TOPSIS Method; Maintenance; Deorbiting; Parametric. INTRODUCTION From the previous conference paper, the contrast between all-electric geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) communication and other hybrid and chemical satellite design has shown that using all-electric satellite design has many advantages. -
Space Technology and Telecommunication" Cluster of the Skolkovo Foundation
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS AND PRIORITY AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT FOR "S PACE TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATION " CLUSTER OF THE SKOLKOVO FOUNDATION 2012 Strategic Directions and Priority Areas of Development for "Space Technology and Telecommunication" Cluster of the Skolkovo Foundation The present document describes the results of methodology development and evaluation of strategic directions and priority areas for "Space Technology and Telecommunication" Cluster of the Skolkovo Fund. The first iteration was obtained by ST&T expert group with assistance of leading space R&D institutes using the Federal Space Agency materials. The Strategic Directions will be subsequently specified under the foresight research based on the contract between the Skolkovo Fund and one of the leading R&D and consulting organizations in the field of space activity and its results' commercialization. The Glossary can be found at the end of the document EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: PRIORITIES ST&T Cluster ensures search for, attraction and selection of potential subjects of innovative process in the field of development and target use of spacecrafts operation and diversification of rocket and space industry potential, facilitates their cooperation and provides the environment for full cycle innovation process establishment, based on the Strategic directions and priority areas of development, initially defined by this document and regularly updated considering opinion of sci-tech and business community that is identified in process of foresight procedure. At the moment, the Cluster finds it necessary, along with comprehensive support for innovative activity of the Skolkovo Fund participants and applicants, to focus on proactive implementation of several priority areas which particularly include: Establishing national infrastructure of full cycle microsatellite technology which involves leading universities. -
Failures in Spacecraft Systems: an Analysis from The
FAILURES IN SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DECISION MAKING A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Vikranth R. Kattakuri In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering August 2019 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF THESIS APPROVAL Dr. Jitesh H. Panchal, Chair School of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Ilias Bilionis School of Mechanical Engineering Dr. William Crossley School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved by: Dr. Jay P. Gore Associate Head of Graduate Studies iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to my advisor Prof. Jitesh Panchal for his patient guidance throughout the two years of my studies. I am indebted to him for considering me to be a part of his research group and for providing this opportunity to work in the fields of systems engineering and mechanical design for a period of 2 years. Being a research and teaching assistant under him had been a rewarding experience. Without his valuable insights, this work would not only have been possible, but also inconceivable. I would like to thank my co-advisor Prof. Ilias Bilionis for his valuable inputs, timely guidance and extremely engaging research meetings. I thank my committee member, Prof. William Crossley for his interest in my work. I had a great opportunity to attend all three courses taught by my committee members and they are the best among all the courses I had at Purdue. I would like to thank my mentors Dr. Jagannath Raju of Systemantics India Pri- vate Limited and Prof. -
Space Security Index 2013
SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 www.spacesecurity.org 10th Edition SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG iii Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security Index 2013 ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 FOR PDF version use this © 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout by Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: Soyuz TMA-07M Spacecraft ISS034-E-010181 (21 Dec. 2012) As the International Space Station and Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft were making their relative approaches on Dec. 21, one of the Expedition 34 crew members on the orbital outpost captured this photo of the Soyuz. Credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Print Shop, Kitchener, Ontario First published October 2013 Please direct enquiries to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 7708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] Governance Group Julie Crôteau Foreign Aairs and International Trade Canada Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University Ajey Lele Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research John Logsdon The George Washington University Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE PAGE 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations PAGE 5 Introduction PAGE 9 Acknowledgements PAGE 10 Executive Summary PAGE 23 Theme 1: Condition of the space environment: This theme examines the security and sustainability of the space environment, with an emphasis on space debris; the potential threats posed by near-Earth objects; the allocation of scarce space resources; and the ability to detect, track, identify, and catalog objects in outer space. -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 3 July–September 2019 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 1 A new European Commission DG for Defence Industry and Space .............................................. 1 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 2 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 2 EEAS announces 3SOS initiative building on COPUOS sustainability guidelines ............................ 2 Europe is a step closer to Mars’ surface ......................................................................... 2 ESA lunar exploration project PROSPECT finds new contributor ............................................. 2 ESA announces new EO mission and Third Party Missions under evaluation ................................ 2 ESA advances space science and exploration projects ........................................................ 3 ESA performs collision-avoidance manoeuvre for the first time ............................................. 3 Galileo's milestones amidst continued development .......................................................... 3 France strengthens its posture on space defence strategy ................................................... 3 Germany reveals promising results of EDEN ISS project ....................................................... 4 ASI strengthens