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A SEM-Study of Some Types of Nivicolous Physarales

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©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Östcrr. Z. Pilzk. 13(2004) 75 A SEM-study of some types of nivicolous Physarales H SINGER G. MORENO C. 1LLANA Departamento Biologia Vegetal L'niversidad de Alcalä E- 28871 Alcalä de Henares. Madrid, Spain Received 7. 6. 2004 Key words: Myxomycota. HaJhamia. I'hysarum. Leocarpus. - SEM. taxonomy, typification. Abstract: The types of HaJhamia panicea var. nivalis. I.eocarpus fulvus. I'hysanim albescens, I'hy- sarum vernum and a collection of I'hvsarum vernum f. hadhamwides are studied. The synonymy of I.eocarpus fulvus and I'hvsarum albescens is confirmed and a lectotype and isolectotype are proposed for both species. The form I'hvsarum vernum f. pantsporum is described as new and an epitype is given for I'hvsarum vernum f vernum Zusammenfassung: Die Typen von Hadhamia panicea var. nivalis. I.eocarpus fulvus. I'hvsarum al- bescens. I'hvsarum vernum und eine Aufsammlung von I'hvsarum vernum f hadhamioides werden untersucht. Die Synonymie von I.eocarpus fulvus und I'hvsarum albescens wird bestätigt und ein Lectotyp und lsolectotyp für beide Arten werden vorgeschlagen. Die Form I'hvsarum vernum f. par- visporum wird neu beschrieben und ein Epityp für I'hvsarum vernum f. vernum wird aufgestellt. The nivicolous myxomycetes are a peculiar group of organisms that require particular ecological conditions in order to complete their life-cycle, such as the presence of a stable snow layer that has been present for at least three months covering the substrate, an alternation of stress factors such as fluctuations in temperature and humidity, a high grade of humidity in the substrate during the plasmodial phase and relatively low tem- peratures during germination of the spores and/or development of the fructifications Due to the extreme habitat, the specific variability is wider and the species concept is broader than in low altitude species This leads to considerable variation in the form, size and colour of fructifications, as well as in the morphology of the capillitium, con- sistency and colour of the peridium and the spore diameters. As these considerations have sometimes not been taken into account in the nivicolous myxomycetes, species have been separated by minimal differences. As examples, we can mention Diacheop- sis spinosifila, Diderma globosum var europaeum. Diderma nigrum, Diderma subcae- ruleum and Trichia varia We have been able to synonymize these taxa with other de- scribed species after having studied type material. In the present work we are compar- ing taxa that have already been synonymized by other authors. Materials and methods The material studied is cited separately under each species treated. The methods follow MORENO & al. (2004). ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 76 H. SINGER & al.: SEM-study of some types of nivicolous Physarales Physarum albescens ELLIS ex T. MACBR., N. Amer Slime-Moulds, ed 2: 86. 1922. (Figs. 1-4. 7-9) = LeocarpusfulvusJ MACBR, N Amer. Slime-Moulds: 82. 1899. Non P.fulvum FR. Syst. Mycol. 3: 143. 1829. Original diagnosis: Sporangia gregarious, scattered, ovoid or globose, pale yellowish or fulvous, opening irregularly above, stipitate; the peridium double, the outer layer more or less calcareous, the inner delicate, almost indistinguishable, persistent below as a shallow cup; the stipe long, weak, striatc. fulvous or yellow, hypothallus distinct, venulose, or more or less continuous, capillitium pallid or white, dense, with here and there below large continuous yellow calcareous nodules; columella none; spore-mass black, spores by transmitted light, dark brown, rough. 13-15 urn. Forms occur with a single (inner) peridium and simple physaroid capillitium. Description: In continuation we describe the specimen of Physarum albescens that represents the first collection of this species studied by ELLIS (see observations below), bearing the number NY 5612 and being part of the ELLIS collection, as indicated on the box. The specimen is preserved in a box with the name "Diderma albescens^, written with In- dian ink, that was crossed out and with pencil was written below: 'Physarum albes- cens = Physarum fulvum (MACBR.) LISTER". Within the box there is a loose peace of paper with the note: "scarcely differs from Diderma albescens PHIL except in its greenish color". On one side of the box there is a peace of paper stuck with the note: "WlNGATE thinks this is not D. albescens or even Diderma but another genus." Stuck on the bottom of the box there are two further notes, one with the data of collection, "Pleasant Valley, Utah, S. J. HARKNESS". and another one with the name "Diderma albescens0" The material consist of several pieces of herbaceous stem stuck on the inside of the box-lid, with abundant sporocarps that are generally well conserved, ex- cept on one stem that only bears sclerotized sporocarps The specimen NY 5615 is kept in a box and on the inside of the box-lid a small peace of card is stuck that bears a fragment of a vegetal stem with a group of approxi- mately 20 sporocarps. Another fragment of the stem is stuck on the inside of the lid itself, with approximately 15 sporocarps. Beside, the name Diderma albescens and data of collection are written. This specimen is a part of the specimen NY 5612. Sporocarps aggregated, sessile to generally stalked, up to 3 mm of total height Sporotheca obovoid to obpyriform. up to 15 mm in diam. and 2 mm high, yellowish white to ochraceous white. Hypothallus abundant, membranous, fulvous Stalk mem- branous, as a continuation of the hypothallus and of the same colour, rugous and bent down towards the substrate. Peridium double, exopendium calcareous, thick, smooth to rugous, of apical irregular dehiscence, united with the endoperidium; endoperidium membranous, greyish iridescent to yellowish. Columella absent. Capillitium elastic, greyish white, by LM hyaline to yellowish hyaline composed of threads of about 1 urn in diam., very branched, forming a very dense net with prominent yellowish to yel- lowish white lime nodes of very variable size and form Spores in mass violaceous black, violaceous brown by LM. 12-13 urn in diam., globose, spiny. By SEM large, dense baculae of regular distribution can be observed. ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk 13(2004) 77 Figs. 1-9. 1-3 I'hvsarum albescens (NY 5612) Spores and detail of spore ornamentation. 4. Physarum albescens (NY 5615). Spore. 5. 6. Physarum miens (NY 10914). Spore and detail of spore ornamenta- tion 7-9 Lectotype of I.eocarpus fulvus and Physarum albescens (NY 5704). Spores and detail of spore ornamentation Spore: bar: 2 \m\ Detail of spore ornamentation: bar: 1 um. Specimens examined: I'SA: California. Utah. Pleasant Valley, leg. S J. HARKNESS, NY 5612 and NY 5615. Louisiana 21. 1. 1901. leg. LANGLOIS, ex. herb. ELLIS, ex dono WlNGATE, cf. WlNGATE in litt. 28. 1. 1901. STURGIS Collection in NY 10915. Iowa. leg. HOLWAY. ex. herb. REX. ex dono WlNGATE, cf. WlNGATE in litt. 28. 1. 1901. STURGIS Collection in NY 10914. Juneau Co., Wis- ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 78 H. SINGER & al.: SEM-study of some types of nivicolous I'hysarales consin. Aug. 1937. leg. J W. THOMSON. NY 8970 Eagle Co, Colorado. Mitchel Ranch. 6 10 1978. leg. MITCHEL. ex personal collection MITCHEL & CHAPMAN, NY 8807. Lake Superior, leg. Prof. F.E. WOOD. "no. 27". NY 6465. Colorado, leg. COCKERELL. sec. WINGATE. "5079". NY 6466 and NY 6467. Colorado. Loveland Pass, 11000 ft.. 15. 6. 1897, leg. E. BETHEL, new lectotype of Leocarpus Juhus and Physarum albescens, NY 5704 (as Physarum fiilvum). "Colorado?", leg. E. BETHEL. BPI 803676. new isolectotype of Leocarpus fulvus. Notes: The taxonomic history of this species is quite complicated, but very interesting. Four different collections have been the base for its latest description. The first collection was gathered by Dr HARK.NESS in California (NY 5612) and sent to Mr ELLIS which he determined as Diderma albescens PHILLIPS. ELLIS then sent one small part of it to MACBRIDE (Iowa herbarium) commenting that he thought it was a Physarum. This material corresponds to the specimen NY 5615, showing the same data as collection NY 5612 Thus, the two specimens originating from the collection by Dr HARKNESS are presently in the herbarium NY (NY 5612 and NY 5615). 1. Harkness- Ellis: Physarum • • Macbride (California) NY 5612 NY5615 Diderma albescens Lister: P. fulvum NY 10914 2. Langlois (Louisiana) < Macbride Ellis - •*" Lister: P. fulvum 3. Holway • NY 10914 (Iowa) Macbride: Lister: P. virescens P. auriscalpium var. nitens BM 1011 4. Bethel - ••- Macbride: Leocarpus fulviis (Colorado) NY 5704 BPI 803676 The second collection was made by Father LANGLOIS in Louisiana, who sent it to ELLIS, who thought that it was identical to the specimen received previously from Dr HARKNESS. ELLIS once again thought that it was a Physarum We have been able to locate the LANGLOIS specimen (NY 10915), consisting of sparse material in poor con- dition, as already noted by MACBRIDE (1922). The label of this specimen indicates that the material of ELLIS passed to the property of WINGATE, who donated it to the STURGIS collection, from where it reached LISTER LISTER determined it as Physarum fulvum LISTER (LISTER 1911) However, this epithet used by LISTER is incorrect, as it was previously used by FRIES (1829). Independently, MACBRJDE also received this material from Father LANGLOIS, but did not comment on it. The third collection was gathered by Mr HOLWAY in Iowa, determined as a Physarum and split it in two parts. One part was sent to MACBRIDE and the other to ELLIS MACBRIDE determined it as Physarum auriscalpium and sent one piece to ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z Pilzk.
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    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/262378; this version posted February 12, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bloomfield, 2018-02-08 – preprint copy - bioRχiv The evolution of ogres: cannibalistic growth in giant phagotrophs Gareth Bloomfell MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambrilge, UK [email protected] twitter.com/iliomorph Abstract Eukaryotes span a very large size range, with macroscopic species most often formel in multicellular lifecycle stages, but sometimes as very large single cells containing many nuclei. The Mycetozoa are a group of amoebae that form macroscopic fruiting structures. However the structures formel by the two major mycetozoan groups are not homologous to each other. Here, it is proposel that the large size of mycetozoans frst arose after selection for cannibalistic feeling by zygotes. In one group, Myxogastria, these zygotes became omnivorous plasmolia; in Dictyostelia the evolution of aggregative multicellularity enablel zygotes to attract anl consume surrounling conspecifc cells. The cannibalism occurring in these protists strongly resembles the transfer of nutrients into metazoan oocytes. If oogamy evolvel early in holozoans, it is possible that aggregative multicellularity centrel on oocytes coull have precelel anl given rise to the clonal multicellularity of crown metazoa. Keyworls: Mycetozoa; amoebae; sex; cannibalism; oogamy Introduction – the evolution of Mycetozoa independently in several diverse lineages, presumably reflecting strong selection for effective dispersal [9]. The dictyostelids (social amoebae or cellular slime moulds) and myxogastrids (also known as myxomycetes and true or The close relationship between dictyostelia and myxogastria acellular slime moulds) are protists that form macroscopic suggests that they shared a common ancestor that formed fruiting bodies (Fig.
  • Annotated Checklist of the Myxomycetes (Slime Molds) Observed at the Gordon Natural Area West Chester University, PA) - Version I

    Annotated Checklist of the Myxomycetes (Slime Molds) Observed at the Gordon Natural Area West Chester University, PA) - Version I

    West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Gordon Natural Area Biodiversity Studies Documents Gordon Natural Area Biodiversity Studies 7-24-2020 Annotated Checklist of the Myxomycetes (Slime Molds) Observed at the Gordon Natural Area West Chester University, PA) - Version I Nur Ritter Paige Vermeulen Maribeth Beatty Arianna Rivellini Alexandra Hodowanec Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bds_series Part of the Biodiversity Commons Annotated Checklist of the Myxomycetes (Slime Molds) Observed at the Gordon Natural Area West Chester University, PA) - Version I Description This checklist was compiled from Gordon Natural Area (GNA) Staff fieldwork during 2017-2020, augmented by photos from students and visitors to the GNA. The checklist contains 34 species in 18 Genera and 11 Families. Common Names Common names marked with an asterisk are those that were 'assigned' to a species by GNA staff. 'Monthly Presence' Data were taken from four sources: 1) fieldwork in the GNA; 2) the mycological literature; 3) field trip data from the New Jersey Mycological Association, New York Mycological Society, and the Western Pennsylvania Mushroom Club (see References); and, 4) observations in iNaturalist for Pennsylvania and six 'nearby' states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio; (Data last updated: 7/7/2020). Associated Plants' GNA data are from field observations from 2017 to present. 'Literature' data were primarily taken from the USDA National Fungus Collection's Fungus-Host database (https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungushost/fungushost.cfm), supplemented by a small number of observations from the literature. Species in red are non- native to Pennsylvania.