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Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) of Nampo Shoto (Bonin & Volcano Islands)

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Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) of Nampo Shoto (Bonin & Volcano Islands) Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 43(3), pp. 63–68, August 22, 2017 Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) of Nampo Shoto (Bonin & Volcano Islands) (3) Tsuyoshi Hosoya1,*, Kentaro Hosaka1 and Yukinori Yamamoto2 1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan 2 1010–53 Ohtsu-ko, Kochi, Kochi 781–5102, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] (Received 18 April, 2017, accepted 28 June, 2017) Abstract In an exploration of Nampo Shoto (Southern Islands, consisting of the Ogasawara and Volcano islands) in June 2009, 22 myxomycete taxa were documented based on 44 specimens. Of these, Fuligo candida and Stemonitis pallida were newly documented. Key words : Kita-Iwojima Island, taxonomy. mately 200 km south of the Ogasawara Islands. Introduction Although Minami-Iwojima has been uninhabited To date, approximately 1000 taxa of myxomy- since recorded history, Kita-Iwojima was colo- cetes have been described worldwide, with some nized in 1899, but has been uninhabited since 400 taxa being recorded in Japan (Yamamoto, 1944 when the inhabitants were forced to evacu- 1998). The majority of the Japanese records are ate the island during the war. Because of their based on Japan’s main islands, whereas smaller geographical isolation and the relative lack of islands have not been well surveyed, with the human activity, the natural life on both islands exception some areas that have been surveyed has been receiving attention from researchers. with special attention (e.g., the islands of Yaku- However, because of severe geographical and shima and Iriomote). environmental conditions, approaching these Located in the mid-Pacific Ocean, the so- islands is generally extremely difficult. called “Nampo Shoto” (Southern Islands), com- Fortunately, the authors of this paper were able prising the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands and Vol- to accompany one such biota assessment explo- cano Islands, consist of approximately 30 ration team to Kita-Iwojima Island. Kita-Iwojima islands. The Ogasawara Islands are located some (25°26′N, 141°17′E) has an area of 5.57 km2, a 1000 km south of Tokyo. They are volcanic periphery of 8 km, and extends 3.3 km from south islands, formed by mid-ocean volcanic eruptions. to north and 2.1 km from east to west. Prior to Although surveys have been conducted on the the end of the 20th century, there had been no flora, fauna, and mycobiota from the perspective attempts to assess the biological resources on the of the origin of these islands, few investigations Volcano Islands. However, since 2000, research- have been carried out on the myxomycetes. ers have begun visiting the islands to examine The Volcano Islands, which are under the the vegetation, insects, bats, and birds. Neverthe- jurisdiction of the Ogasawara Islands, are com- less, to date, there have been no explorations spe- posed of three islands, namely, Kita-Iwojima, cifically for myxomycetes. Because the myco- Minami-Iwojima, and Iwojima, that lie approxi- biota (particularly the smaller fungi and 64 Tsuyoshi Hosoya et al. myxomycetes) on the Volcano Islands is scarcely A total of 44 specimens were examined. All known, the authors mainly collected microfungi, collections examined are housed in National ascomycetes, and myxomycetes. Preliminary Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). Morpho- lists of the former fungi have been published pre- logical observations were made using Olympus viously (Hosoya et al., 2011). In the present BX-51 microscope and Olympus SZ-61 dissect- paper, the authors documented the myxomycetes ing microscope equipped with Nikon DS-L4 of Kita-Iwojima Island based on collected speci- microscope camera. mens, in addition to specimens collected in sub- sequent investigations on the Ogasawara Islands Enumeration of Species (Chichijima and Hahajima islands). In the following list, sites are indicated by an alphabetical code (see Table 1), and representa- Materials and Methods tive specimens are shown in Fig. 1. Explorations were carried out from June 17 to 19, 23 to 24, and 26 to 27, 2009, on Kita- Order Ceratiomyxales Iwojima, Hahajima, and Chichijima, respec- tively. The collection sites are listed with their Family Ceariomyxaceae Site Code, cited in the list of collected specimens Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müll.) T. Macbr. and geographical information (Table 1). Because TNS-M-X-74943 (B1); TNS-M-X-74961 (C2); of the severe environmental conditions, the col- Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müll.) T. Macbr. lecting sites were relatively limited, only along var. flexuosa (Lister) G. Lister with the exploratory line and its adjacent areas in TNS-M-X-74952 (B3); TNS-M-X-74975 Kita-Iwojima Isl. We searched for myxomycetes (B3); TNS-M-X-74966 (C2); TNS-M-X-74949 using the naked eye and hand lens. The collected (arbuscular type) (B2) materials were directly glued to the bottom of small paper boxes (7×5×2.5 cm) on-site imme- Order Echinosteliales diately after collection, and then brought back to the base camp where they were air-dried. Subse- Family Clastodermataceae quently (5–10 days after the date of collection), Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt the collected material was heat-dried at a TNS-M-X-74955 (C1); TNS-M-X-74970 (C3) research facility. Table 1. Collection sites SiteCode Day Latitude Longitute Elevation Site Name Specimens A1 17 25.437 141.2873889 186 Kita-Iwo Isl. 2 A2 17 26.43727777 141.2892778 149 Kita-Iwo Isl. 2 A3 18 25.43877778 141.2833056 451 Kita-Iwo Isl. 6 A4 19 Kita-Iwo Isl. 1 B1 23 26.6435 142.1612778 8 Chibusa-yama, Hahajima Isl. 4 B2 24 26.66668611 142.1522222 264 Chibusa-yama, Hahajima Isl. 4 B3 24 26.67936111 142.1538611 322 Chibusa-yama, Hahajima Isl. 3 C1 26 27.06663889 142.2146944 157 Nagatani, Chichijima Isl. 6 C2 27 27.0884 142.217257 Yoakedaira, Chichijima Isl. 8 C3 27 27.06063889 142.2216389 269 Higashidaira, Chichijima Isl. 6 Day represents June of 2009. Latitude and Longitudes are indicated in decimals. Elevation indicated in meters. Speci- mens represents number of specimens collected in each site. In total 42 specimens were collected. Myxomycetes of Bonin & Volcano Islands (3) 65 Fig. 1. Some myxomycetes collected in the present study. A, Arcyria cinerea TNS-M-X-74962. B, Arcyria denudata TNS-M-X-74954. C, Arcyria globosa TNS-M- X-74935. D, Diachea leucopodia TNS-M-X-74939. E, Lamproderma arcyrionema TNS-M-X-74942. F, Phys- arum album TNS-M-X-74934. G, Physarum nucleatum TNS-M-X-74933. H, Physarum tenerum TNS-M- X-74951. I, Physarum roseum TNS-M-X-74938. J, Stemonitis pallida TNS-M-X-74967. K, Fuligo candida TNS-M-X-74946. Scales. A, B, E, G, I, J: 10 μm. C, D, F, H: 5 μm. K: 10 mm. Order Liceales Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fr. TNS-M-X-74950 (B2) Family Cribrariaceae Family Physaraceae Cribraria intricata Schrad. Fuligo candida Pers. TNS-M-X-74941 (A3) TNS-M-X-74946 (B1) Cribraria intricata Schrad. var. dictydioides Physarum album (Bull.) Chevall. Schrad. TNS-M-X-74934 (A1); TNS-M-X-74956 (with TNS-M-X-74963 (C2) Cribraria microcarpa) (C1) Cribraria microcarpa (Schrad.) Pers. Physarum nucleatum Rex TNS-M-X-74956 (with Physarum album) (C1) TNS-M-X-74933 (A1) Cribraria piriformis Schrad. var. notabilis Rex Physarum roseum Berk. & Broome TNS-M-X-74969 (C3) TNS-M-X-74937 (A3); TNS-M-X-74938 (A3); Family Reticulariaceae TNS-M-X-74959 (C2); TNS-M-X-74965 (C2) Lycogala epidendrum (J.C. Buxb. ex L.) Fr. Physarum tenerum Rex TNS-M-X-74948 (B2); TNS-M-X-74953 (C1) TNS-M-X-74936 (A2); TNS-M-X-74951 (B3) Tubifera microsperma (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Lamproderma arcyrionema Rostaf. G.W. Martin TNS-M-X-74942 (A3) TNS-M-X-74960 (C2) Order Stemonitidales Order Physarales Family Stemonitidaceae Family Didymiaceae Stemonitis pallida Wingate Diachea leucopodia (Bull.) Rostaf. TNS-M-X-74967 (C3) TNS-M-X-74939 (A3) 66 Tsuyoshi Hosoya et al. Order Trichiales including a new species, Licea stipitata Berk. & Raven. (Berkeley and Curtis, 1860), currently Family Arcyriaceae known as a synonymy of Tubifera microsperma Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) G.W. Martin. Of the TNS-M-X-74944 (B1); TNS-M-X-74945 (B1); remaining four species, two species, Physarum TNS-M-X-74947 (B2); TNS-M-X-74958 (C1); nutans Pers. and Trichia serpula (Scop.) Pers., TNS-M-X-74962, 74964 (C2); TNS-M-X- have been applied to P. album (Bull.) Chevall. 74968 (C3); TNS-M-X-74971 (C3) and Hemitricha serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst. respectively. However, in the light of present-day TNS-M-X-74954 (C1) taxonomy, it is possible that Didymium farina- Arcyria globosa Schwein. ceum may have been Didymium minus (Lister) TNS-M-X-74935 (A2); TNS-M-X-74940 (A3) Morgan., and that Trichia clavata Pers. may have Family Trichiaceae been Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rostaf. var. Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rostaf. var. calyculata calyculata (Speg.) Y. Yamam. Only H. clavata (Speg.) Y. Yamam. var. calyculata was collected in three recent sur- TNS-M-X-74957 (C1); TNS-M-X-74972 (C3) veys (Yamamoto and Nagao, 1998; Degawa, Trichia favoginea (Batsch) Pers. var. persimilis 2009). (P. Karst.) Y. Yamam. In previous explorations of Chichi-jima, Haha- TNS-M-X-74973 (A4) jima, Ani-jima, Muko-jima, and Minami-iwojima islands, 25 taxa were documented (Yamamoto and Nagao, 1998). Later, Yamamoto and Degawa Discussion (2009) documented 42 taxa from Chichi-jima In the present exploration, 22 taxa, distributed and Haha-jima islands. Together with the current among 14 genera, nine families, and six orders, study, 59 taxa (including Ceratiomyxomycetes) were documented, including Ceratiomyxomyce- have been reported from the Southern Islands to tes.
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