A Phylogeny of Cribrariaceae Among Myxomycetes Derived from Morphological Characters
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Protozoologica Special Issue: Protists in Soil Processes
Acta Protozool. (2012) 51: 201–208 http://www.eko.uj.edu.pl/ap ActA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.12.016.0762 Protozoologica Special issue: Protists in Soil Processes Review paper Ecology of Soil Eumycetozoans Steven L. STEPHENSON1 and Alan FEEST2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA; 2Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Bristol and Ecosulis ltd., Newton St Loe, Bath, United Kingdom Abstract. Eumycetozoans, commonly referred to as slime moulds, are common to abundant organisms in soils. Three groups of slime moulds (myxogastrids, dictyostelids and protostelids) are recognized, and the first two of these are among the most important bacterivores in the soil microhabitat. The purpose of this paper is first to provide a brief description of all three groups and then to review what is known about their distribution and ecology in soils. Key words: Amoebae, bacterivores, dictyostelids, myxogastrids, protostelids. INTRODUCTION that they are amoebozoans and not fungi (Bapteste et al. 2002, Yoon et al. 2008, Baudalf 2008). Three groups of slime moulds (myxogastrids, dic- One of the idiosyncratic branches of the eukary- tyostelids and protostelids) are recognized (Olive 1970, otic tree of life consists of an assemblage of amoe- 1975). Members of the three groups exhibit consider- boid protists referred to as the supergroup Amoebozoa able diversity in the type of aerial spore-bearing struc- (Fiore-Donno et al. 2010). The most diverse members tures produced, which can range from exceedingly of the Amoebozoa are the eumycetozoans, common- small examples (most protostelids) with only a single ly referred to as slime moulds. Since their discovery, spore to the very largest examples (certain myxogas- slime moulds have been variously classified as plants, trids) that contain many millions of spores. -
Public Description of Physarum Polycephalum Schwein. Public Description of Physarum Polycephalum Schwein
4/27/2017 Mushroom Observer: Public Description of Physarum polycephalum Schwein. Public Description of Physarum polycephalum Schwein. Title: Public Description (Default) Descriptions: Create Name: Physarum polycephalum Schwein. (/name/create_name_description/30400) View: public Public Description (Default) Edit: public (/name/show_name_description/1634) [Edit Version: 2 (/name/edit_name_description/1634)] Previous Version (/name/show_past_name_description/1634? version=1) Description status: Unreviewed Taxonomic Classification: Kingdom: Amoebozoa (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Amoebozoa) Phylum: Mycetozoa (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Mycetozoa) Class: Myxogastria (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Myxogastria) Order: Physarida (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Physarida) Family: Physaridae (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Physaridae) Genus: Physarum (http://mushroomobserver.org/observer/lookup_name/Physarum) General Description: Physarium polycephalum is one of the most widely recognized and cultivated plasmodia. P. polycephalum undergoes distinctive transformations from spore, to amoeboid, to plasmoid and sporangium. To the naked eye, the spores appear as a reddish or purplish brown mass; amoebas and myxoflagellates can only be seen under microscope; the plasmodium will be a bright yellow, highly reticulate network and have a much finer, denser, distinctive “fan” shape in the direction of movement. Sporangia are dark orange to brown and consist of gregarious lobes connected to a shriveled, thin stipe. Spores are uninucleate, globose, minutely spinose, 8 to 11 microns in diameter, brownish yellow individually, appear reddish to purplish brown in mass, and require 15 to 48 hours for incubation, defined as the time when seeds are sowed to the splitting of the spore walls. Incubation duration is constant whether a spore is fresh or 18 months old. Cultures are readily started on water drops on the surface of slides. -
Zygote Gene Expression and Plasmodial Development in Didymium Iridis
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations College of Science and Health Summer 8-25-2019 Zygote gene expression and plasmodial development in Didymium iridis Sean Schaefer DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Schaefer, Sean, "Zygote gene expression and plasmodial development in Didymium iridis" (2019). College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. 322. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/322 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Zygote gene expression and plasmodial development in Didymium iridis A Thesis presented in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Biology By Sean Schaefer 2019 Advisor: Dr. Margaret Silliker Department of Biological Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL Abstract: Didymium iridis is a cosmopolitan species of plasmodial slime mold consisting of two distinct life stages. Haploid amoebae and diploid plasmodia feed on microscopic organisms such as bacteria and fungi through phagocytosis. Sexually compatible haploid amoebae act as gametes which when fused embark on an irreversible developmental change resulting in a diploid zygote. The zygote can undergo closed mitosis resulting in a multinucleated plasmodium. Little is known about changes in gene expression during this developmental transition. Our principal goal in this study was to provide a comprehensive list of genes likely to be involved in plasmodial development. -
Myxomycetes NMW 2012Orange, Updated KS 2017.Docx
Myxomycete (Slime Mould) Collection Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales (NMW) Alan Orange (2012), updated by Katherine Slade (2017) Myxomycetes (true or plasmodial slime moulds) belong to the Eumycetozoa, within the Amoebozoa, a group of eukaryotes that are basal to a clade containing animals and fungi. Thus although they have traditionally been studied by mycologists they are distant from the true fungi. Arrangement & Nomenclature Slime Mould specimens in NMW are arranged in alphabetical order of the currently accepted name (as of 2012). Names used on specimen packets that are now synonyms are cross referenced in the list below. The collection currently contains 157 Myxomycete species. Specimens are mostly from Britain, with a few from other parts of Europe or from North America. The current standard work for identification of the British species is: Ing, B. 1999. The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland. An Identification Handbook. Slough: Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. Nomenclature follows the online database of Slime Mould names at www.eumycetozoa.com (accessed 2012). This database is largely in line with Ing (1999). Preservation The feeding stage is a multinucleate motile mass known as a plasmodium. The fruiting stage is a dry, fungus-like structure containing abundant spores. Mature fruiting bodies of Myxomycetes can be collected and dried, and with few exceptions (such as Ceratiomyxa) they preserve well. Plasmodia cannot be preserved, but it is useful to record the colour if possible. Semi-mature fruiting bodies may continue to mature if collected with the substrate and kept in a cool moist chamber. Collected plasmodia are unlikely to fruit. Specimens are stored in boxes to prevent crushing; labels should not be allowed to touch the specimen. -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
48 European Invertebrate Survey Nederland
issn 0169 - 2402 februari 2009 48 european invertebrate survey nieuwsbrief nederland 2 Nieuwsbrief European Invertebrate Survey – Nederland, 48 (2009) NIEUWSBRIEF van de EUROPEAN INVERTEBRATE SURVEY – NEDERLAND Nummer 48 - februari 2009 Contactorgaan voor de medewerkers van de Van de redactie werkgroepen van de European Invertebrate Survey – Nederland Deze extra nieuwsbrief, in kleur uitgegeven, is geheel gewijd aan het EIS-jubileum. De lezingen die Menno Schilthuizen en Informatie: Matthijs Schouten op de jubileumdag hebben gegeven kunt u Bureau EIS-Nederland, hier nog eens nalezen. Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden tel. 071-5687670 / fax 071-5687666 Verder sluiten we de succesvolle inventarisatie van Naturalis- e-mail [email protected] terrein af. Het totaal aantal van 1569 soorten is al indrukwek- website www.naturalis.nl/eis kend, de grote hoeveelheid bijzonderheden is nog verbazing- wekkender. Het lijkt er op dat half-verwaarloosde terreinen in Wordt aan medewerkers gratis toegezonden. de stad een paradijs zijn voor schildwespen. Op deze plek wil ik alle personen bedanken die op een of andere manier hebben bijgedragen aan de soortenlijst. Tevens worden de fotografen Redactie: John T. Smit & Roy Kleukers bedankt voor het ter beschikking stellen van hun foto’s. Bij de soortenlijst worden zij met name genoemd, de beelden van de jubileumdag zijn voornamelijk van Berry van der Hoorn © copyright 2009 Stichting European Invertebrate Survey (Naturalis) en EIS-medewerkers. – Nederland, Leiden. Niets in deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar Na zo’n mal jubileum van 33,3 jaar is het natuurlijk de vraag gemaakt door middel van fotokopie, microfilm of welke andere wijze wanneer het volgende feestje zal plaatsvinden. -
A Survey of Myxomycetes from the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 89 (2010) 45 A SURVEY OF MYXOMYCETES FROM THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND THE BEAR LODGE MOUNTAINS OF WYOMING A. Gabel1*, E. Ebbert2, M. Gabel1 and L. Zierer2 1Biology Department Black Hills State University 1200 University Spearfish, South Dakota 57799 2Deceased *[email protected] ABSTRACT Fruiting bodies of slime molds were collected intermittently from the field from 1990-2009. During the summers of 2007-2009 slime molds also were cultured in moist chambers from downed, decaying wood, dried deciduous leaf litter, and dried grass litter that was gathered three times each summer from four areas at each of the following six sites. Alabaugh Canyon and Boles/Redbird Canyons were dry, prairie/woodlands in Fall River and Custer Counties in the southern Black Hills. Pony Gulch and Spring Creek, in the central hills were moist, broad gulches in Pennington County, and the northern hills sites were Botany Bay and Grigg’s Gulch, narrow, moist canyons in Lawrence County. Contents of a total of 648 cultures were examined. Presence of a species in a culture was considered to be a collection and some cultures contained more than one species. Eighty-two species from both field and culture surveys were identified, and 62 are considered as new records for the Black Hills, and 61 for western South Dakota. Six hundred fifty-seven collections representing 65 spe- cies developed in culture included species from all orders of Myxomycetes. Only five species occurred at a relative abundance > 5% and 20 occurred only once. -
The Occurrence of Myxomycetes on Different Decay Stages of Trunks of Picea Abies, Pinus Sylvestris and Betula Spp. in a Small Oldgrowth Forest in Southern Finland
Karstenia 42: 13- 22, 2002 The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland TARJA UKKOLA UKKOLA, T. 2002: The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland. - Karstenia 42: 13- 22. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. The occurrence of myxomycetes was studied on fallen trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula spp. (B. pendula and B. pubescens) in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland in May 1998 - September 1999. The study site is located in Luukkaa Recreation Area, and was left in pristine state in 1966. The sample trunks were chosen to represent different stages of decomposition and checked every second or fourth > eek in all for 17 times. A total of 325 myxomycete specimens representing 44 taxa in 16 genera were observed. Four taxa, Comatricha pulchella var. fusca, Lycogala exiguum, Licea cf. pus ilia, and Physarum bethelii are new records to Finland. During the study, myxomycetes were most abundant on decomposing trunks of Betula spp. (123 specimens), especially on well-decayed trunks. The species diversity was about the same on all studied tree species: 27 taxa were recorded on P abies and P sylvestris, and 22 on Betula spp. The largest di ersity was on two pine trunks with fairly soft wood (a total of 19 taxa). The common myxomycetes, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa and Lycogala epidendrum, represent generalists in this study, being abundant and present at nearly all decay stages of all studied tree species. -
Slime Moulds
Queen’s University Biological Station Species List: Slime Molds The current list has been compiled by Richard Aaron, a naturalist and educator from Toronto, who has been running the Fabulous Fall Fungi workshop at QUBS between 2009 and 2019. Dr. Ivy Schoepf, QUBS Research Coordinator, edited the list in 2020 to include full taxonomy and information regarding species’ status using resources from The Natural Heritage Information Centre (April 2018) and The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (February 2018); iNaturalist and GBIF. Contact Ivy to report any errors, omissions and/or new sightings. Based on the aforementioned criteria we can expect to find a total of 33 species of slime molds (kingdom: Protozoa, phylum: Mycetozoa) present at QUBS. Species are Figure 1. One of the most commonly encountered reported using their full taxonomy; common slime mold at QUBS is the Dog Vomit Slime Mold (Fuligo septica). Slime molds are unique in the way name and status, based on whether the species is that they do not have cell walls. Unlike fungi, they of global or provincial concern (see Table 1 for also phagocytose their food before they digest it. details). All species are considered QUBS Photo courtesy of Mark Conboy. residents unless otherwise stated. Table 1. Status classification reported for the amphibians of QUBS. Global status based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species rankings. Provincial status based on Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre SRank. Global Status Provincial Status Extinct (EX) Presumed Extirpated (SX) Extinct in the -
Biodiversity of Plasmodial Slime Moulds (Myxogastria): Measurement and Interpretation
Protistology 1 (4), 161–178 (2000) Protistology August, 2000 Biodiversity of plasmodial slime moulds (Myxogastria): measurement and interpretation Yuri K. Novozhilova, Martin Schnittlerb, InnaV. Zemlianskaiac and Konstantin A. Fefelovd a V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, b Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia, U.S.A., c Volgograd Medical Academy, Department of Pharmacology and Botany, Volgograd, Russia, d Ural State University, Department of Botany, Yekaterinburg, Russia Summary For myxomycetes the understanding of their diversity and of their ecological function remains underdeveloped. Various problems in recording myxomycetes and analysis of their diversity are discussed by the examples taken from tundra, boreal, and arid areas of Russia and Kazakhstan. Recent advances in inventory of some regions of these areas are summarised. A rapid technique of moist chamber cultures can be used to obtain quantitative estimates of myxomycete species diversity and species abundance. Substrate sampling and species isolation by the moist chamber technique are indispensable for myxomycete inventory, measurement of species richness, and species abundance. General principles for the analysis of myxomycete diversity are discussed. Key words: slime moulds, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, biodiversity, ecology, distribu- tion, habitats Introduction decay (Madelin, 1984). The life cycle of myxomycetes includes two trophic stages: uninucleate myxoflagellates General patterns of community structure of terrestrial or amoebae, and a multi-nucleate plasmodium (Fig. 1). macro-organisms (plants, animals, and macrofungi) are The entire plasmodium turns almost all into fruit bodies, well known. Some mathematics methods are used for their called sporocarps (sporangia, aethalia, pseudoaethalia, or studying, from which the most popular are the quantita- plasmodiocarps). -
Slime Molds: Biology and Diversity
Glime, J. M. 2019. Slime Molds: Biology and Diversity. Chapt. 3-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological 3-1-1 Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 3-1 SLIME MOLDS: BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS What are Slime Molds? ....................................................................................................................................... 3-1-2 Identification Difficulties ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1- Reproduction and Colonization ........................................................................................................................... 3-1-5 General Life Cycle ....................................................................................................................................... 3-1-6 Seasonal Changes ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1-7 Environmental Stimuli ............................................................................................................................... 3-1-13 Light .................................................................................................................................................... 3-1-13 pH and Volatile Substances -
Southeast Asian Myxomycetes. I. Thailand and Burma' DON R
Southeast Asian Myxomycetes. I. Thailand and Burma' DON R. REYNOLDS2 and CONSTANTINE J. ALEXOPOULOS2 TROPICAL SOUTHEAST ASIA includes the Phillip Overeem, 1922 ; Penzig, 1898; Raciborski, 1884; pines, the Indo-Malay Archipelago and Penin Zollinger, 1844). Chip (1921) and Sanderson sula, Eastern Indochina, and parts of Thailand (1922) published from Singapore and the lower and Burma (Richards, 1952). Europeans initi Malay Peninsula." Other collections were studied ated the modern phase of botanical exploration abroad (Emoto, 1931 b; Lister, 1931; Saccardo in this region. The floristics were done either and Paoletti, 1888). In the Philippines, though locally by resident foreign botanists or by spe some mycological work has been done, most of cialists in their native country, working with the plant taxonomists who have worked there contributed materials. That which the early resi have known little about the fungi. The Myxo dents could not competently identify was sent mycetes of Indochina are completely unknown largely to European and American specialists. in the literature. The specimens, of necessity, had to be dried or The present collections are being treated in otherwise preserved for a long sea journey. As a two parts. This paper deals with the material consequence many prominent mycologists pub from Thailand and Burma; the second part con lished on material they knew only from her cerns collections from the Philippines and will barium specimens. In spite of the disadvantages be submitted for publication to the Philippine of possible misinterpretation and duplication of Agriculturist. work, it is fortunate that this procedure became Heim (1962) refers briefly to an abundance prevalent; the duplicates now in the herbaria of of Myxomycetes in Thailand.