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An Analysis of Archaeological and Historical Data

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An Analysis of Archaeological and Historical Data AN ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL DATA ON FISHERIES FOR PELAGIC SPECIES IN GUAM AND THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Prepared for Pelagic Fisheries Research Program Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawai’i at Mānoa By Judith R. Amesbury and Rosalind L. Hunter-Anderson Micronesian Archaeological Research Services A Guam Non-Profit Corporation May 2008 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge the valuable contribution of Foss Leach and Janet Davidson, Honorary Research Associates of the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa. Their recent analyses of fish bones from archaeological sites on Guam, included as Appendices A and B to this report, have changed the picture of pelagic fishing in the Mariana Islands during the Prehistoric Period. The authors also acknowledge the valuable contribution of Wakako Higuchi, Research Associate, Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam. Her study of the pre-war Japanese pole-and-line fishery in Saipan, included as Appendix C to this report, makes some of the information about this fishery available in English for the first time. For help in obtaining the post-war 20th century fishery data contained in Chapter 4, Judith Amesbury thanks the following people: Brent Tibbatts, Fisheries Biologist, Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources; Keith Bigelow, Fishery Biologist, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); David Hamm, Chief of the Fisheries Monitoring and Socioeconomics Division, PIFSC, NMFS; and Paul Dalzell, Senior Scientist, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. For help with the interviews contained in Chapter 5, Judith Amesbury thanks John Calvo, Guam Coordinator, and Jack Ogumoro, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Coordinator, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. The authors extend special appreciation to all of the fishers who were interviewed and whose stories are part of the history of the Mariana Islands. This project was funded (or partly funded) by Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ............................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF THE PREHISTORY OF THE MARIANA ISLANDS by Rosalind L. Hunter-Anderson ................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE MARIANAS PREHISTORIC RECORD AND ITS CULTURAL ECOLOGY ............................................................................. 3 Lapita, Pre-Latte, and the Trader/Broker Niche ............................................................ 6 Small Islands, Sources and Sinks ................................................................................... 8 The Marianas and Visiting Trader-Brokers ................................................................. 11 Expectations Regarding Pelagic Fishing during the Early Pre-Latte Phase ................ 14 End of the Pre-Latte, End of the T-B Niche ................................................................ 14 The Latte Phase ............................................................................................................ 16 Expectations Regarding Pelagic Fishing during the Latte Phase ................................. 21 CHAPTER 2. PREHISTORIC PERIOD by Judith R. Amesbury .................................. 23 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 23 FISH REMAINS AND FISHING GEAR FROM GUAM ............................................ 24 Ritidian ......................................................................................................................... 24 Tarague ........................................................................................................................ 26 Pagat ............................................................................................................................. 27 Mangilao Golf Course .................................................................................................. 28 Ylig Bay ....................................................................................................................... 30 Orote Peninsula ............................................................................................................ 33 North and South Finegayan, Communications Annex ................................................ 34 FISH REMAINS AND FISHING GEAR FROM THE CNMI ..................................... 35 Achugao, Saipan .......................................................................................................... 35 Afetña, Saipan .............................................................................................................. 37 Laulau, Saipan .............................................................................................................. 39 Military Leaseback Area, Central Tinian ..................................................................... 39 Tachogna, Tinian ......................................................................................................... 40 Mochong, Rota ............................................................................................................. 41 North Coast of Rota including the Uyulan Region ...................................................... 44 Songsong, Rota ............................................................................................................ 47 TURTLES FROM GUAM ............................................................................................ 49 TURTLES FROM THE CNMI ..................................................................................... 50 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 51 v CHAPTER 3. SPANISH PERIOD by Judith R. Amesbury ........................................... 55 EARLY EXPLORERS .................................................................................................. 55 Antonio Pigafetta ......................................................................................................... 55 Martín de Uriarte .......................................................................................................... 56 Andrés de Urdaneta ...................................................................................................... 56 Secondary Account by Martín Fernández de Navarrete .............................................. 56 Father Fray Martín Rada .............................................................................................. 57 Major Estéban Rodriguez ............................................................................................ 58 Secondary Account by Father Juan de Medina............................................................ 59 Secondary Account by Father Fray Gaspar de San Augustin ...................................... 59 THE FIRST SPANISH RESIDENTS OF THE MARIANAS ...................................... 60 Fray Antonio de los Angeles........................................................................................ 60 Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora ......................................................................................... 60 THE FIRST SPANISH COLONISTS ........................................................................... 63 Brother (later Father) Lorenzo Bustillo ....................................................................... 63 Padre Diego Luis de Sanvitores ................................................................................... 63 Two Accounts Pertaining to the Year 1670 ................................................................. 64 Secondary Account by Father Francisco García .......................................................... 64 OTHER FOREIGN VISITORS ..................................................................................... 66 William Dampier ......................................................................................................... 66 Captain Woodes Rogers ............................................................................................... 67 George Anson .............................................................................................................. 67 Captain Crozet ............................................................................................................. 70 Louis de Freycinet .......................................................................................................
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