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Bulletin D'histoire Achéménide II Longtemps sous-évaluée, l’histoire du Moyen-Orient et de bulletin d’histoire l’Asie Centrale sous la domination des Grands rois perses achéménides II (milieu VIe siècle-330 avant notre ère) s’est développée de manière spectaculaire depuis une quinzaine d’années. Historiens, épigraphistes, achéménide II archéologues, numismates, iconographes, historiens de l’art ont multiplié les recherches et les analyses. La grande variété des disci- Pierre Briant plines impliquées, la dispersion des chercheurs, mais aussi le nombre et l’hétérogénéité des revues et des volumes, rendent difficile le suivi régulier des publications. C’est à cette fin que l’auteur a BHAch commencé de publier, en 1997, un Bulletin d’histoire achéménide (BHAch), susceptible d’offrir non seulement une liste alphabétique des publications, mais surtout une analyse raisonnée des résultats enregistrés et des perspectives dégagées. Ce deuxième Bulletin (BHAch II) couvre la période automne 1997-automne 2000. Il est accompagné de plusieurs indices qui, en réunissant la matière des BHAch I et II, faciliteront les recherches. Professeur au Collège de France, Pierre Briant est titu- laire de la chaire d’histoire et de civilisation du monde achéménide et de l’empire d’Alexandre. Il est le fondateur du Réseau interna- tional d’études et de recherches achéménides (Riéra) et du site de recherche et de documentation scientifiques www.achemenet.com. 1 1 collection dirigée par Pierre Briant, persika persika chaire d’histoire et civilisation du monde achéménide éditions et de l’empire d’Alexandre, Collège de France bulletin d’histoire achéménide II Pierre Briant BHAch II, 1997-2000 ouvrage publié persika I avec le concours du Collège de France À la mémoire d’Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg Thotm-éditions 5 rue Guy de la Brosse 75005 Paris téléphone : 33 (0)1 40 26 00 07 répondeur et télécopie : 33 (0)1 70 81 70 90 [email protected] www.thotm-editions.com Conception graphique Thierry Sarfis Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Collège de France ISBN 2-914531-00-1 Thotm éditions 2001 À paraître dans la même collection, sous la direction de Pierre Briant : Irrigation et drainage dans l’Antiquité, qanats et canalisations souterraines en Iran, en Égypte et en Grèce (Ier millénaire avant J.-C.). Avant-propos À la demande de nombreux collègues, la deuxième livraison du BHAch est présentée sous forme d’une publication individuali- sée. Il est prévu d’en faire de même des livraisons à venir. Le BHAch I reste diffusé par la revue Topoi dans son Supplément2 (1997); il est également consultable en ligne sur www.achemenet. com, grâce à l’aimable autorisation donnée par la direction de Topoi. Les très nombreux échanges que j’ai eus et messages que j’ai reçus depuis la parution du BHAch I m’ont convaincu que, publié sous la forme qu’il revêt désormais, le Bulletin sera d’un accès plus immédiat. Pour en faciliter la consultation, la publi- cation est accompagnée d’un index développé qui prend en compte les deux premières livraisons du BHAch. Je remercie Aminata Sackho-Autissier d’avoir collaboré à sa réalisation. Dans le même temps, ce BHAch II inaugure une nouvelle série (Persika), qui est destinée à couvrir le champ de l’histoire du monde achéménide et du monde d’Alexandre, entre Indus et Méditerranée, entre Asie Centrale et oasis d’Égypte. Y trouveront leur place aussi bien des monographies régionales que des commentaires de sources, de quelque nature qu’elles soient et de quelque culture qu’elles proviennent. On y accueillera aussi des monographies de règne, ou bien encore des synthèses de travaux archéologiques, mais aussi des synthèses thématiques qui couvriront tout ou partie de la période et de l’espace considérés. Je remercie le Collège de France pour l’aide qu’il a apportée au lancement de cette nouvelle collection. P.B. BHAch II 3 Introduction (p. 7) 1 Synthèses, instruments de travail, colloques, mélanges 1.0 Sites internet(p. 8) 1.1 Synthèses, recueils de documents, bibliographies, ouvrages de grande diffusion, catalogues(p. 9) 1.2 Mémoires, comptes rendus de voyages, histoire de l’érudition, historiographie(p. 12) 1.3 Colloques, mélanges, recueils d’articles(p.14) 1.4 Recueils de documents(p. 21) 1.5 Sources classiques: éditions et commentaires(p. 23). 2 Nouveaux documents, rapports de fouilles et de prospections 2.1 Phrygie Hellespontique(p. 32) 2.2 Lydie(p. 35) 2.3 Carie(p. 38) 2.4 Lycie(p. 39) 2.5 Phrygie(p. 43) 2.6 Cappadoce(p. 43) 2.7 Arménie et Caucase(p. 44) 2.8 Cilicie(p. 47) 2.9 Transeuphratène et Chypre(p. 52) 2.10 Égypte 2.11 (p. 57) Babylonie et Mésopotamie(p. 63) 2.12 De Suse à Ecbatane(p. 69) 2.13 Plateau iranien, Asie centrale, vallée de l’Indus et Golfe Persique(p. 73) 2.14 Publications isolées d’objets(p. 75). 3 De Cyrus à Darius III : histoire politique de l’Empire et de la dynastie achéménides 3.1 Les Perses avant l’Empire(p. 77) 3.2 Cyrus et Cambyse(p. 79) 3.3 Darius et Xerxès(p. 82) 3.4 Artaxerxès I et Darius II (p. 89) 3.5 D’Artaxerxès II à Darius III (p. 92) 3.6 Darius III et la chute de l’Empire(p. 93). 4 BHAch II 4 Au centre de l’Empire : lieux et enjeux du pouvoir. 4.1 Palais, images et résidences(p. 100) 4.2 Gens et vie de cour(p. 107) 4.3 Royauté, éthique et religion(p. 112). 5 Domination impériale et dynamiques régionales 5.1 Peuples et satrapies(p. 118) 5.2 Routes et itinéraires(p. 125) 5.3 Tribut et terres, taxes et monnaies(p. 127) 5.4 Douanes et échanges(p. 132) 5.5 Études régionales: 5.5.1 Perse: tablettes de Persépolis(p. 133); 5.5.2 Babylonie(p. 136); 5.5.3 Asie Mineure(p.148); 5.5.4 Transeuphratène(p. 154); 5.5.5 Égypte(p. 162); 5.5.6 Bactriane et Asie centrale(p. 162); 5.5.7 Inde(p. 165); 5.5.8 Golfe persique(p. 166). 6 Peuples, langues, cultes et cultures : acculturations personnelles et politique impériale 6.1 Diaspora impériale et contacts inter-ethniques (p. 166) 6.2 Langues et communications(p. 169) 6.3 Pouvoir impérial, Perses et sanctuaires locaux(p. 176) 6.4 Perses et non-Perses(p. 187) 6.5 Images perses dans les provinces(p. 191) 6.6 Images royales et pouvoir achéménide(p. 200) 6.7 Sur les marges et au-delà(p. 204). bibliographie (p. 207) indices (p. 277) table des figures (p. 333) BHAch II 5 Introduction Comme il avait été annoncé lors de la parution du BHAch I 1, cette nouvelle livraison intervient sur un rythme triennal. Si l’on met à part quelques rares articles antérieurs à 1997 2 qui, pour des raisons diverses, n’avaient pas été intégrés dans la première livrai- son, le BHAch II prend en compte les publications parues entre l’automne 1997 et la fin du mois de septembre 2000 3. Le plan choisi est identique de l’un à l’autre, hormis quelques adaptations de détail. Les renvois internes sont faits selon des règles iden- tiques: les publications antérieures au BHAch I sont citées d’après la bibliographie de mon Histoire de l’empire perse (= HEP), Paris, Fayard (1996), et affectées du signe * (e.g. Gardin 1980*). De la même façon, les publications analysées dans le BHAch I sont citées ici suivies du signe ♣ (e.g. Frei-Marek 1997♣). Concernant les publications annoncées à paraître, voire sous-presse, j’ai fait preuve de plus de prudence (ou de plus de scepticisme) que dans le premier numéro: sauf exception rarissime dont je pouvais être informé précisément, j’ai pris pour principe de ne citer que des études déjà publiées. — Je remercie les collègues et amis, en par- ticulier Amélie Kuhrt et Charles Jones, qui ont bien voulu m’in- diquer des publications qui m’avaient échappé, et tous ceux et toutes celles qui m’ont envoyé des copies de leur publication. Je remercie par avance toutes celles et tous ceux qui, à l’avenir, vou- dront bien me faire parvenir leurs publications pour analyse dans BHAch III. 1 Topoi, Supp. 1, 1997 : 5-125. 2 Est prise en compte la date à laquelle les revues et livres sont réellement disponibles, et non la date théorique de la publication; voir en particulier les deux exemples caricaturaux Greenewalt 1987 et Sekunda 1989, dont évidemment les auteurs ne sont pas responsables. 3 Le manuscrit a été donné à la composition dans les premiers jours d’octobre 2000. BHAch II 7 1 Synthèses, instruments de travail, colloques, mélanges 1.0 Sites Internet Un site web (http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/ OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI. html) permet l’accès à la photo- thèque de l’Oriental Institute (« Persepolis and Ancient Iran. Catalogue of Expedition photographs») 4; de même, l’on peut consulter les inscriptions royales: le programme permet là encore d’obtenir toutes sortes de renseignements en cliquant sur la sou- ris: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/ARI/ARI. html. — On trouvera des liens vers ces pages dans le nouveau site-web entiè- rement dédié à l’histoire achéménide: http://www.achemenet.com. On y trouvera: le BHAch I (P. Briant); des inscriptions grecques d’Asie Mineure relatives à la domination achéménide (P. Briant 2000g) ; 400 tablettes babyloniennes (F. Joannès 2000e) ; des textes araméens (A. Lemaire 2000c); une étude de la monnaie 4 Voici Stolper-Gragg 1998 et le texte de présentation consultable sur la page d’ac- cueil: «This document is a catalog of 999 photographs contained in an Oriental Institute text/microfiche publication entitled: Persepolis and Ancient Iran.
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