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DÜŞ ÜNCE DÜNYASINDA D ÜŞÜNCE D ÜNYASINDA T ÜRKİZ boş 2 S İYASET VE K ÜLTÜR D ERGİSİ DÜŞÜNCE DÜNYASINDA TÜRKİZ SİYASET VE KÜLTÜR DERGİSİ Yıl: 6 / Sayı: 35 / Eylül - Ekim 2015 / ISSN 1309–601X İki ayda bir yayımlanır. Sahibi GÜNTÜLÜ EĞİTİM YAYINCILIK VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. Editör Prof. Dr. Kamil Aydın Sayı Editörü Prof. Dr. Alpaslan Ceylan Yayın Kurulu Prof. Dr. Kamil Aydın Prof. Dr. Mustafa Erdem Prof. Dr. Necdet Hayta Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kaya Prof. Dr. Cemalett in Taşkıran Prof. Dr. Zuhal Topçu Prof. Dr. Vahit Türk Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Nebahat Akbaş Kapak ve Sayfa Tasarımı: Net Ofset Yayın Türü: Yerel Süreli Yayın – Hakemli Dergi Taranılan İndeksler: ASOS İndeks Büro İç Hizmetler Atakan Türkyılmaz Adres: 1. Cad Nu.: 43/4 06520 Balgat-Ankara Tel: +90 (312) 287 88 99 Faks: +90 (312) 285 44 99 Web: www.turkizdergisi.com.tr e-posta: [email protected] Fiyatı: 15 TL Basım Yeri Net Ofset Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. www.netmatbaacilik.net Necatibey Cad. Lale Sok. Nu.: 21/27 Yenişehir/Ankara Tel-Faks: 0.312.230 07 23 Basım Tarihi: Eylül 2015 – Ankara Abonelik Ücreti (Yıllık) Yurt içi: 90 TL Kurumsal abonelik: 180 TL Yurt dışı: Avrupa ve Orta Doğu ülkeleri: 75£ ABD ve diğer ülkeler: 100$ Abonelik için: 0.312.287 88 99 Nu.lı telefondan Atakan Türkyılmaz 3 D ÜŞÜNCE D ÜNYASINDA T ÜRKİZ B İ L İ M, DANIŞ MA VE HAKEM KURULU Prof. Dr. A.Kadir Yuvalı Erciyes Ü Doç. Dr. Yonca Anzerlioğlu Hacett epe Ü Prof. Dr. Azmi Yetim Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç.Dr. Ahmet Turgut Niğde Ü Prof. Dr. Celalett in Yavuz Türksam Yrd. Doç. Bülent Yavuz Gazi Ü Prof. Dr. Çetin Elmas Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Cevdet Şanlı Yıldız Teknik Ü Prof. Dr. Enver Bozkurt Kırıkkale Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Köksal Şahin Sakarya Ü Prof. Dr. Esma Şimşek Fırat Ü Prof. Dr. Hacı Duran Adıyaman Ü Yurtdışı Temsilciler Prof. Dr. H.İbrahim Yalın Gazi Ü Doç. Dr. Abdülmecit Nuredin (Makedonya) Prof. Dr. Hikmet Öksüz KTÜ Doç. Dr. Fariz Ahmadov (Azerbaycan) Prof. Dr. Hüsniye Canbay İnönü Ü Prof. Dr. İsmail Yakıt Akdeniz Ü. Doç. Dr. Ergin Jable (Kosova) Prof. Dr. Kadir Arıcı Gazi Ü Doç. Dr. Leniyara Selimova (Kırım) Prof. Dr. Kamil Aydın Atatürk Ü Yurtiçi Temsilciler Prof. Dr. Kemal Üçüncü KTÜ Doç.Dr. Abdullah Temizkan Ege Ü Prof. Dr. Mehmet Saray Yeditepe Ü Prof. Dr. Mehmet Şahingöz Gazi Ü Doç.Dr. Bülent Bayram Kırklareli Ü Prof. Dr. Mevlüt Karakaya Doç Dr. Hasan Hüseyin Arı Van Yüzüncüyıl Ü Prof. Dr. Musa Şaşmaz Niğde Ü Doç.Dr. İbrahim ERDAL Bozok Ü Prof. Dr. Musa Taşdelen Sakarya Ü Doç.Dr. Mustafa Arslan Pamukkale Ü Prof. Dr. Mustafa İlbaş Gazi Ü Doç Dr. Selahatt in Bekki Ahi Evran Ü Prof. Dr. Nadim Macit Ege Ü Doç.Dr. Talip Yıldırım Uşak Ü Prof. Dr. O.Üçler Bulduk Ankara Ü Prof. Dr. Recai Coşkun Sakarya Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Atalay Artvin Çoruh Ü Prof. Dr. Recep Kılıç Ankara Ü Yrd. Doç.Dr Ahmet Dogan Osmaniye Korkut Ata Ü Prof. Dr. Sabahat Deniz Marmara Ü Yard.Doç.Dr. Ahmet Karaçavuş Karadeniz Teknik Ü Prof. Dr. Sadett in Gömeç Ankara Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Barış Çiftçi Nevşehir Ü Prof. Dr. Suna Başak Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç Dr. Cafer Tayyar Ateş Mustafa Kemal Ü Prof. Dr. Temel Çalık Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç Dr.t Önder Bilgili Akdeniz Ü Prof.. Dr. Tevfi k Gülsoy Gaziantep Ü Yrd Doç.Dr Rafet Aydın Mehmet Akif Ü Prof. Dr. Vahit Türk Kültür Ü Prof. Dr. Yaşar Özbay Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç Dr. Recep Özkan Niğde Ü Doç. Dr. Faruk Bilir Selçuk Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sultan Murat Topçu Erciyes Ü Doç. Dr. Giray Saynur Derman Sakarya Ü Yrd. Doç.Dr. Şaban Doğan İzzet Baysal Ü Doç. Dr. Hanife Güz Gazi Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tahsin Yıldırım Aksaray Ü Doç. Dr. Hasan Ali Karasar Bilkent Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tamer Üstüner, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Ümam Ü Doç. Dr. İlyas Topsakal İstanbul Ü Yrd. Doç.Dr Tuğrul Yürük Çukurova Ü Doç. Dr. Kutluk Kağan Sümer İstanbul Ü Doç. Dr. Salim Gökçen Erzincan Ü Arş. Gör. Mehmet Tamer Kaya Afyon Kocatepe Ü Doç. Dr. Selçuk Duman Gazi Osman Paşa Ü Arş.Gör. Muhammed Salman Cumhuriyet Ü Doç. Dr. Şeref İba Çankaya Ü Arş. Gör. Ümit Polat Ankara Ü Doç. Dr. Taner Tatar İnönü Ü Arş.Gör. Yüksel Eroğlu Uludağ Ü Doç. Dr. Timuçin Kodaman S.Demirel Ü Öğr. Gör. Salih Arslan Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Ü Doç. Dr. Toğrul İsmayıl Tobb Ü Öğr. Gör. Yunus Emre Tekinsoy Gaziosmanpaşa Ü Doç. Dr. Yaşar Kaya İnönü Ü Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yasin Şerifoğlu, Kastamonu Ü 4 S İYASET VE K ÜLTÜR D ERGİSİ İ Ç İ NDEKİ LER Editör - Sunuş 7 Türkiye ve İran Meşrutiyet Süreçlerinde Cumhuriyet Üzerine Tartışmalar / Yrd. Doç. Dr. İbrahim ERDAL 9 İskender’in Rüyası: Persler / Yrd. Doç Dr. Akın BİNGÖL - Yrd. Doç Dr. İbrahim ÜNGÖR 31 Selçuklu Devlet Anlayışının Farslaşmasına (İranîleşmesine) Vezir Nizâmü’l- Mülk’ün Siyâset-Nâme (Siyerü’l-Mülûk) Adlı Eserinin Etkisi / Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kemal TAŞCI 85 M.Ö. VI-IV. Yüzyıllar Arası Anadolu-Pers İlişkilerinin Bir Değerlendirilmesi / Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yavuz GÜNAŞDI - Yrd. Do ç. Dr. Oktay ÖZGÜL 105 İran Günlüğü: Büyük Selçukluların Yurdunda / Prof. Dr. Haşim KARPUZ 125 İran Şiiri Bağlamında Sa'Dî-İ Şirazî'nin Bir Gazelinin Şerhi / Yrd. Doç. Dr. Asuman GÖKHAN 139 5 D ÜŞÜNCE D ÜNYASINDA T ÜRKİZ boş sayfa 6 SUNUŞ Her sayısında tematik bir konuyu ele alan Düşünce Dünyamızda Türkiz dergimiz; bu sayısında Ortadoğu tarihi ve jeopolitiğinde önemli bir yere sahip olan İran’ı çeşitli yönleriyle araştırma konusu yapmaktadır. Bölgede tarihsel, kültürel, coğrafi ve politik özellikleriyle her zaman baş aktör pozisyonundaki İran ile ilgili çalışmaların yoğunluğundan dolayı bu sayımızı iki cilt olarak siz kıymetli okuyucularımıza sunmak istiyoruz. Dergimizin birinci sayısında; Ülkenin her anlamda tanımlanmasının yanı sıra, İran ve Türkiye arasındaki tarihi, kültürel ve siyasi ilişkilerin uzun ve kapsamlı bir kronolojisi sunulmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, Selçuklu dönemiyle başlayan Türk- İran etkileşimi Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerine kadar çeşitli başlıklar altında mercek altına alınmaktadır. Bunun en somut örneklerinin başında, vezir Nizamü’l- Mülk ve onun Siyasetname’sinin özellikle Selçuklu yönetim sistemi üzerine etkisi gelmektedir. Öte yandan İran-Pers dönemi ve İskender’le olan ilişkiler ve bu ilişkiler sonucu oluşan yeni etkileşim alanları irdelenmektedir. Bu sayımızda dikkatleri çeken diğer önemli bir husus ta, Anadolu’daki kazılardan ve hâli hazırdaki anıtlardan hareketle buralardaki Pers izleri araştırılmaktadır. Birinci sayımızın sonlarında, 7 D ÜŞÜNCE D ÜNYASINDA T ÜRKİZ Türk-İran etkileşiminin en belirgin diğer bir alanı olan dil, kültür, sanat ve edebiyat merkezli hususlar enine boyuna tartışılmaktadır. Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de dünya kamuoyunun özellikle de İslam dünyasının ilgi odağı olan İran’ın çeşitli yönleriyle inceleme konusu edildiği sayımızın bugünü daha iyi okumamıza vesile olacağını düşünerek iyi okumalar dileriz. 8 Türkiye ve İran Meşrutiyet Süreçlerinde Cumhuriyet Üzerine Tartışmalar Yrd. Doç. Dr. İbrahİm Erdal* Osmanlı Devletinde ve İran’da yaşanan tarihi süreçte hanedanlar tebaanın geleceği üzerinde etkili bir sınıf olmuşlardır. Bu sınıf gücünü ordudan aldığı gibi din adamları sınıfından da etkilenmiştir. Osmanlı Hanedanının aldığı her sefer, vergi ve diğer sosyal, siyasi kararlarda Şeyhülislamın fetvasını gözetmesi aslında iktidarın temelde askerin de dâhil olduğu bir güçler koalisyonunun uyumu ile sürdürüldüğü görüntüsünü vermektedir. Çeşitli dönemlerde hanedanın bu diğer sınıfl ar üzerinde hâkim olduğu görülmüş ise de özellikle reform hareketlerinde yeni düzenlemelerde toplumu ayaklandırabilecek yegâne önemli güç din adamları ve askeri sınıf olmuştur. Osmanlı modernleşme süreci incelendiğinde bütün reform hareketlerinde bu iki sınıfın toplumsal olaylarda önemli bir itici güç olduğu görülmüştür. Bu süreçte Meşrutiyet, Monarşi, Cumhuriyet ve Laiklik gibi tartışmalar bu iki sınıfın gücü karşısında denge gözetilerek yapılmıştır. İran’da aynı toplumsal yapıya sahip olan bir iktidar görüntüsü vermiştir. İran’da Kaçar hanedanı devlet içerisinde yapmak istedikleri reform hareketlerinde en fazla ruhani sınıfın toplum üzerindeki gücünü aşamadıkları için başarısız * Bozok Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi. 9 D ÜŞÜNCE D ÜNYASINDA T ÜRKİZ olmuşlardır. Osmanlı devletinin aksine İran’daki reform hareketleri bölgede yaşanan gelişmelerden ve sömürge devletlerinin uygulamalarına bir tepki olarak ortay çıkmış ordu-hükümet-din adamları sınıfı arasındaki güç dengesi hanedan aleyhinde gelişmiştir. Bu sebeple Osmanlı aydını 1860’lı yıllarda ve sonrasında meşrutiyeti, Cumhuriyeti hatt a Laiklik üzerine yazılar yazarken İran’da bu süreçte böyle bir gelişme daha zayıftır. Osmanlı aydınları arasındaki bu tartışmalarda Osmanlı öncesi Türk devletlerinde hükümdar değişikliklerinde de boy mensuplarının katıldığı bir ortamda seçimler yapılmış olduğu, Hun ve Göktürklerde bu seçim şekline ve Hakanın Kurultaylarda seçilmesi geleneğine dair birçok uygulama bulunduğu1 ifade edilmiş bir çeşit meşrutiyetin tarihi alt zemini de hazırlanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde I. Ahmet’e kadar geçen sürede yaşanan hükümdar seçme uygulamasına son verilerek “Ekber Evlat” denilen en büyük kardeşin hükümdar olması prensibi kabul edilmiş, veraset usulü bu şekilde devam ett irilmiştir. Fransız ihtilalinin Avrupa’da çıkardığı değişiklik dalgası Osmanlı devletine de kaçınılmaz bir şekilde sirayet etmiştir. Ancak mutlak monarşi ile idare edilen devlett e yaşanan sıkıntıları çağın gereklerine göre düzeltmek isteyenler, yenilikçiler ve bir makam elde etmek isteyenlerin rakipleri Padişaha “cumhuriyetçi” olarak jurnallenmiştir. Gülhane Hatt -ı Hümayunu ile bir dizi reformlara girişen, birey haklarını tespit etmekle beraber Padişahın mutlak otoritesini kabul etmesine karşın Mustafa Reşit Paşa da aynı şekilde şikâyet edilmiştir. Osmanlı Meşrutiyet Sürecinde Cumhuriyet Fikrinin
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  • 'Persianisation' in the Art and Architecture of Achaemenid

    'Persianisation' in the Art and Architecture of Achaemenid

    Anthony Wright Ex Historia 1 Anthony Wright 1 Newcastle University ‘Persianisation’ in the Art and Architecture of Achaemenid Provincial Palaces, 550- 330 BC. According to Margaret Cool Root, a leading scholar on the ancient Near East, the royal art of the Achaemenid kings reflects the ideals and attitudes of the king and his courtiers, presenting, above all, an ideal view of the nature of Persian kingship.2 Root argues that the variegated origins and appropriated concepts of Achaemenid iconography, from the Egyptian illustrations of conquered peoples in the form of the Nine Bows to the Assyrian royal hero (Fig. 1), create conceptual patterns that are continually replicated at Persepolis (Fig. 2) to create an official artistic programme.3 Root asserts that the themes found in royal iconography were disseminated from the empire’s centre and were not the result of individual artists’ own creativity. However, is this only representative of the rich iconography of Persepolis, Fig. 1 – The Assyrian king or were the art and architecture of provincial palaces, stabbing a lion including the paradeisoi (large gardens or parks) and glyptic art (artwork engraved on seals and 1 Anthony Wright's academic interests primarily focus on the Achaemenid empire, Alexander the Great and the Successor period, and ancient military strategy and warfare. His MA dissertation (awarded an 80) focused on the relationship between the Achaemenid hazarapatiš and the Macedonian chiliarch. He holds a BA in Ancient History and Archaeology (2009) and MA in Ancient History: Rulership, Power and Court Societies in the Ancient World (2011), both from Newcastle University. 2 Margaret C.
  • THRACE Edited By

    THRACE Edited By

    A COMPANION TO ANCIENT THRACE Edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov, and Denver Graninger WI LEY Blackwell Contents Editors' Prc:f-acc: Notes on Contributors Abbreviations Part I Thrace and 'I1tr.tcians 1 An Introduction to Studying Ancient Thl'3cc: 3 Nilto/a Theodosriev 2 Geography 12 jan Bouzelt and Denver CraninlJ'" 3 Ethnicity lnd Etlme 22 Den"e,. Grani"ger Part 11 History 33 4 Early History ofThrace to the Murder ofKotys I (360 lICE) 35 Michael Znh,."t 5 Thrace from the Assassination of Kotys I to Koroupcdion (360-28 1 BCE) 48 Peter De/rp 6 From Koroupcdion to the Beginning ofthe Third Mithridatic W;u- (281-73 ICE) 59 Peter [kIev 7 Roman Thracc 75 lI'aylo V..JInov 8 Thrace in Lare Antiquity 9 1 Boyan DJ/manop Part ill Evidence 107 9 Settlements 109 Hristo Popop Colllmls 10 Dolmens and Rock-Cut Monuments 126 Geo~i NtklJrizov II "Ritual Pits" 144 Rumyllnlf Georgitvil 12 Tomb Architecture 158 Danidll StOYII"01l4 13 The Decoration orThraci3n Ch.mbaTombs 180 julin Villellil 14 Gold, Silver, and Bronze Vcssc:ls 197 jl/lin Vnltva 15 Adornments 212 MiluM TOllkova 16 The Pottery orAncient Thrace 229 AneUn Bozkol'n 17 Inscriptions 243 Dan Dana 18 Introduction to the Numismatics orThracc, ca. 530 BCE-46 CF. 265 Evgtni I. Pllunoll Part IV Influence and Interactio n 293 19 The Greek Colonists 295 Mllrgllrit DamYll nol1 20 Athens 308 Matthew A. Stars 21 Persia 320 Maya VaJ1ileva 22 Thracian and Macedonian Ki ngshi p 337 William S. GrttlUl'llle 23 Thradans and Scythians: Tensions, Interactions and Osmosis 352 Dapid Braund 24 CeltS 366 julij Emiloll Part V Controversies 383 25 Social Li re orThrace 385 Zosin Archibald 26 Urbanization 399 Emil Nankov Contents VB 27 Tr.adc= 412 OJllvdar TzocIJev 28 Warmc= 426 Tott" Srt1JQnop 29 Rdjgjon 443 KMtaJin RMbadjjeJt lndc=x 457 Chapter 21 Persia Maya Vassileva 21.1 Persians in Thrace Oriental influences had been felt before the Persians invaded the Balkans (ca.
  • Archaeology and the Book of Esther, by Carey A

    Archaeology and the Book of Esther, by Carey A

    62 THE BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGIST (Vol. 38 The Biblical Archaeologist is published quarterly (March, May, September, December) by the American Schools of Oriental Research. Its purpose is to provide readable, non-technical, yet thoroughly reliable ac­ counts of archaeological discoveries as they relate to the Bible. Authors wishing to submit unsolicited articles should write the editors for style and format instructions before submitting manuscripts. Editors: Edward F. Campbell, Jr. and H. Darrell Lance, with the assistance of Floyd V. Filson in New Testament matters. Editorial correspondence should be sent to the editors at 5555 South Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637. Art Editor: Robert H. Johnston, Rochester Institute of Technology. Editorial Board: Frank M. Cross, Jr., Harvard University; William G. Dever, Jerusalem; John S. Holladay. Jr.. University of Toronto. Subscriptions: $7.50 per year, payable to the American Schools of Oriental Research, 126 Inman Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. Associate members of ASOR receive the BA automatically. Ten or more subscriptions for group use, mailed and billed to one address, $5.25 per year apiece. Subscriptions in England are available through Β. H. Blackwell. Ltd., Broad Street, Oxford. Back Numbers : $2.00 per issue, 1960 to present ; $2.25 per issue, 1950-1959 ; $2.50 per issue before 1950. Please remit with order, to ASOR office. The journal is indexed in Art Index, Index to Religious Periodical Literature, Christian Periodical Index, and at the end of every fifth volume of the journal itself. Second class postage PAID at Cambridge. Massachusetts and additional offices. Copyright bv American Schools of Oriental Research. 1975 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
  • 1 the Achaemenid Satrapy of Armenia By: Salpi Bocchieriyan

    1 the Achaemenid Satrapy of Armenia By: Salpi Bocchieriyan

    The Achaemenid Satrapy of Armenia By: Salpi Bocchieriyan Defended: April 4th, 2016 Classics Departmental Honors Thesis University of Colorado At Boulder Thesis Advisor Elspeth Dusinberre, Classics Committee Members Elspeth Dusinberre, Classics Diane Conlin, Classics Haytham Bahoora, Center for Asian Studies 1 Introduction The Achaemenid Empire: A Brief History The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) was the first in a succession of large and powerful Persia Empires, none of which ever were able to achieve the same heights the Achaemenid Empire first reached1. The Achaemenid Empire by all accounts was massive2. When Achaemenid Kings boasted about being King of all four corners, the statement was not as hyperbolic as it sounds. The center of the Empire covered what is now Iran and sprawled outward in every direction toward Bactria, Egypt, Anatolia, and the Indus River. The Achaemenid Empire was initially expanded due to the conquests of Cyrus II (559-530 BCE), widely known as Cyrus the Great, and his son Cambyses II (530-522 BCE)3. The first king of the Achaemenid lineage, king Teispes (c. 650-620 BCE), was king of only a small kingdom located in Pars (Persia). It was his great- grandson Cyrus II who expanded the kingdom into the Achaemenid Empire by consolidating the local Persian and Median kingdoms (550) and annexing Lydia (547 or 5424), Babylon (539), and Bactria and Sogdiana5. Despite the suddenly massive empire, the center remained in Cyrus’ homeland of Pars where he constructed the palace of Pasargadae, establishing important characteristics of Achaemenid architecture and visual rhetoric. Due to the vast and heterogeneous population of the new empire, Cyrus used images to communicate his power and legitimacy to a population that was largely illiterate and spoke a vast variety of languages.
  • ZIVA ANTIKA Lkyiba AHTHKA ANTIQUI T E VIV ANTE

    ZIVA ANTIKA Lkyiba AHTHKA ANTIQUI T E VIV ANTE

    UDK 807+87+930.8 ISSN 0514 -7727 - ZIVA ANTIKA lKYiBA AHTHKA ANTIQUI T E VIV ANTE ANNEE 60 rOA. :tAnt ANN~E 60 FASC. 1- 2 PP. SKOPJE 2 010 )KAHT , rCA. TOM CTP. 194 CKomE v. Sarakinsk i, The /aflacy o/Ihe EllropeOI1 satrapy ZAnt 60(20 I 0)77-108 77 VOJlSLAV SARAKINSKI UDC 353.075.2(355) Facu lt y of Philosophy 55. Cyril and Methodius Un iversity in Skopje THE FALLACY OF THE EUROPEAN SATRAPY AbslraCI: Th is paper deals wit h the status of Thraee and Macedonia withi n the royal administration of the Persian Empire. The scho lar views expressed so far arc opposing and mutually exclusive. thus making it very difficult to altain a comm on ground between them. The complete corpus of informa tiOl) on the satrapics comes from the I)crsian administrative do cumcnts and from the extant Gn:ck sources: however. the meaning of the word "satrapy" in thc Greek sources is very vague, and moreover, this technical term is nowhere to be found in the Persian d(){:lIment s. This calls for a re-thinking and re-exami­ nation of the term "satrapy" as a tcrminus tcchnicus, as well as for a broader analysis of the mechanisms of satrapal actions and their plaec within the Persian administrar ive and fiscal framcwork. As things stand, the term "satrap" should be analysed only in its fi rst, basic meaning, "protector of the King/Empire" - a status thai did not hinder the possibility of holding other local or foreign offices or honours.