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Travessias No Atlântico Negro.Indb Travessias no Atlântico Negro Refl exões sobre Booker T. Washington e Manuel R. Querino N UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Reitor João Carlos Salles Pires da Silva Vice-reitor Paulo Cesar Miguez de Oliveira Assessor do Reitor Paulo Costa Lima EDITORA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Diretora Flávia Goulart Mota Garcia Rosa Conselho Editorial Alberto Brum Novaes Angelo Szaniecki Perret Serpa Caiuby Alves da Costa Charbel Niño El-Hani Cleise Furtado Mendes Evelina de Carvalho Sá Hoisel Maria do Carmo Soares de Freitas Maria Vidal de Negreiros Camargo Sabrina Gledhill Travessias no Atlântico Negro Refl exões sobre Booker T. Washington e Manuel R. Querino Prefácio de Jeferson Bacelar Salvador Edufba 2020 2020, Sabrina Gledhill. Direitos dessa edição cedidos à Edufba. Feito o Depósito Legal. Grafia atualizada conforme o Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990, em vigor no Brasil desde 2009. Capa e Projeto Gráfico Miriã Santos Araújo Foto da autora Christian Cravo Fotos de capa Bússola- Pixabay (Esq.) Retrato de Booker T. Washington, de Frances Benjamin Johnston (ca. 1895). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540, USA. Disponível em: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc. pnp/pp.print. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2020 (Dir.) Retrato de Manuel R. Querino, Artistas bahianos, 2. ed. Salvador: Oficinas do Diario da Bahia, 1913. Revisão Mariana dos Santos de Souza Normalização Emmanoella Ferreira Sistema Universitário de Bibliotecas – UFBA G555 Gledhill, Sabrina Travessias no Atlântico Negro: reflexões sobre Booker T. Washington e Manuel R. Querino / Sabrina Gledhill. - Salvador: EDUFBA, 2020. 300 p. ISBN: 978-65-5630-005-4 1. Intelectuais negros – Biografia – Estados Unidos - Brasil. 2. Ativistas políticos negros – história. 3. Querino, Manuel Raimundo, 1851-1923. 4. Negros – direitos fundamentais - história. 5. Conscientização racial. I. Título: reflexões sobre Booker T. Washington e Manuel R. Querino. CDU – 929+572.96:32 Elaborada por Geovana Soares Lira CRB-5: BA-001975/O Editora afiliada à Editora da UFBA Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n – Campus de Ondina 40170-115 – Salvador – Bahia Tel.: +55 71 3283-6164 www.edufba.ufba.br / [email protected] Dedico o presente trabalho à memória de minhas maiores referências e inspirações, meus pais, Corinne Barbara Harrison Gledhill (1932/2006) e John James Gledhill (1928/2013). Saudades eternas Agradecimentos Este livro começou como uma tese de doutorado, pesquisada e escrita numa língua adotiva, hoje quase materna: português. Isto, pois possuo nacionalidade inglesa e me tornei bilíngue em inglês e espanhol, visto que fui criada em Porto Rico. Esta obra acabou marcando o fi m de uma longa estadia no Brasil e o início de meu retorno à Inglaterra. Espero que ajude a reforçar o trabalho bem-sucedido sendo realizado por vários pesquisadores com o intuito de reabilitar a imagem de Manuel Querino no Brasil, mas, principalmente, que seja um dos primeiros livros a reapresentar o Brasil a Booker T. Washington no século XXI. A realização deste trabalho não teria sido possível sem o apoio fi nanceiro da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Estendo meus mais profundos agradecimentos ao autor do prefácio, Professor Jeferson Afonso Bacelar. Como meu orientador, fez o papel de “advogado do diabo” para me instigar a questionar, investigar, correr atrás e ir fundo. Emprestou livros, sugeriu abordagens teóricas e teceu críticas constru- tivas que tiveram um papel fundamental no aprimoramento de minhas pesquisas e na evolução de minhas ideias e hipóteses durante a produção desta tese. Desde o primeiro momento em que idealizei meu projeto de doutorado, o Professor Flávio dos Santos Gomes tem sido um grande mentor, incen- tivando e encorajando o desenvolvimento e publicação de meu trabalho e enriquecendo-o com sugestões, fruto de suas próprias pesquisas sobre Abdias do Nascimento. Professor Jaime Oliveira do Nascimento é um amigo, aliado e cúmplice de longa data na causa de Manuel Querino. Sua persistência e determinação, superando todos os obstáculos para idealizar e organizar cursos e seminários, e editar livros sobre e inspirados por Querino, servem sempre como refe- rência e alento. Os integrantes do corpo docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação Mul- tidisciplinar em Estudos Étnicos e Africanos (Pós-Afro) aprimoraram e lapidaram meu projeto de pesquisa no decorrer das disciplinas cursadas como aluna especial, e das disciplinas obrigatórias. Além do Professor Jeferson Bacelar, dedico os meus profundos agradecimentos aos professores Luís Nicolau Parés, Elisee Soumonni, Paula Cristina Barreto e Jocélio Teles Santos. Os professores Marcelo Bernardo da Cunha e Cláudio Luís Pereira me mostraram o caminho da iconografi a, incentivando e dando subsídios para a produção de um capítulo de minha tese que, por motivos vários, não pode ser incluído na edição eletrônica, mas está disponível on-line.1 Também agradeço, do fundo do coração, a atenção, carinho, apoio, conselhos, críticas construtivas e dicas de um número incontável de pro- fessores, mentores, colegas e amigos, desde o início, entre eles: Antônio Sérgio Alfredo Guimarães, Ana Flávia Magalhães Pinto, Ana Lúcia de Araújo, Antônia da Silva Santos, Antonietta d’Aguiar Nunes, Ayodele Oshunlade Mason, Barbara Benham, Barry Stinson, Charles Daniel Dawson, Christianne Vasconcellos, Consuelo Novais Sampaio (in memoriam), Consuelo Pondé de Sena (in memoriam), Edivaldo Boaventura (in memoriam), Heather Marques, Hugo Gama, Ivette Wilson, Jaime Sodré, James Riordan (in memoriam), João José Reis, Joceneide Cunha, John Mason, José Marcos Rodrigues, Karin Barber, Karyn Mathuiy, Kim Alicia Sillen, Lisa Earl Castillo, Luci Nascimento, Luís Guilherme Pontes Tavares, Luís Henrique Dias Tavares, Luiz Alberto Ribeiro Freire, Marc Herold, Márcio Polidoro, Maria das Graças Andrade Leal, Mário Cravo Neto (in memoriam), Meire Lúcia Alves dos Reis, Marcos Santana, Michele Washington, Monique Sochaczewski Goldfeld, Myriam Fraga (in memoriam), Nádia Cardoso, Nila Rodrigues Barbosa, Nivalda Costa (in memoriam), Paulo Dourado, Paul Losch, Paulo Farias, Pedro Alexander Cubas Hernandez, Scott Alves Barton, 1 Disponível em: https://www.academia.edu/6578299/Travessias_Racialistas_no_Atlantico_Negro_ Refl exoes_sobre_Booker_T._Washington_e_Manuel_R._Querino. Acesso em: 14 jan. 2019. Sergio Guedes, Sidney Chalhoub, Simone Trindade, Urano Andrade, Vanda Machado, Wilson Roberto de Mattos. Às minhas Iyás, todas no orun: Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos, Mãe Stella de Oxossi, Odé Kayode (in memoriam), que aprovou e incentivou meu trabalho; Mãe Georgete, Eyn Oxum, querida Ojubonã (in memoriam); Valdete Ribeiro da Silva, Detinha de Xangô, Obá Gesin, a mais sábia e cari- nhosa egbomi (in memoriam); egbomi Obá Teré, a iyá kekere que me adotou (in memoriam). Modupe! Agradeço a Mariângela Nogueira, cuja revisão criteriosa de minha tese de doutorado foi uma verdadeira aula de português e cultura brasileira. Aos pareceristas anônimos da Editora da Universidade Federal da Bahia (Edufba), pelas suas contribuições valiosas. A Flávia Garcia Rosa, Presidente do Conselho Editorial da Edufba, e à equipe da editora, pelo seu interesse e apoio no processo de aprovação e produção da edição impressa deste livro. À minha família, residente em, ou originária de quase todos os conti- nentes, inclusive a África e a Ásia, principalmente minhas adoradas fi lhas, Isis Gledhill Damasceno – que sempre fornece moral support – e Barbara Almeida – que me ajudou a transcrever a resenha de Up from Slavery –; meus genros, Wendel Damasceno e Paulo Figueiredo; minha querida madrasta, Valerie Gledhill, pelo apoio e torcida, e representando a nova geração, meu sobrinho Thomas Joseph Gledhill, que faz capoeira em Manhattan, e meus netinhos, Gabriel e John Benjamin, que trazem alegria na Bahia. Finalmente, “last but not least”, a meu companheiro, David Pett, meus agradecimentos pelo incentivo e apoio moral e afetivo durante minha readaptação à terra de meus pais, e na longa epopeia da editoração deste livro. Sabrina Gledhill, Birmingham, Inglaterra, julho de 2020. Sumário 13 Prefácio Jeferson Bacelar 21 Introdução 39 1 Expandindo as margens do Atlântico Negro: contrastes e nexos entre os EUA e o Brasil 73 2 Autorretratos e os “olhos dos outros” 127 3 Revisionismo e resgate: traçando as trajetórias póstumas de Washington e Querino 163 4 Leituras sobre Booker T. Washington no Brasil 207 À guisa de conclusão 215 Referências 251 Anexo I - Cronologias de Booker T. Washington e Manuel R. Querino 257 Anexo II - Autobiografi a de um Negro: Resenha de Up from Slavery da autoria de “Th Bentzon” (1902) Prefácio Prefaciar o livro de Sabrina Gledhill é um grande prazer, na medida em que o seu convite deveu-se a uma grande amizade estabelecida por uma dúzia de anos, pautada no carinho e no mútuo respeito intelectual. Começo dizendo que ela, além dos seus méritos, é muito corajosa academicamente. Primeiro, pela escolha de dois autores, marcados por vidas e ideias, no mínimo complexas, além de cheias de desafetos, em vida ou na morte. Segundo, por defender, sem ater-se ao sempre fácil politica- mente correto, Manuel R. Querino e, em especial Booker T. Washington. Para mim, isso engrandece o seu trabalho, pois, com certeza, será objeto de salutares polêmicas. Terceiro, por não se ater às clássicas biografi as, preferindo caminhar por aspectos não sufi cientemente abordados – quando o foram − na bibliografi a dos dois personagens. Booker Washington, por não ser um protagonista das ideias dos direitos civis, foi de uma
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