DOCSLIB.ORG

Longevity of Scarified Seed of Three Native Legumes Under Different Seed Storage Conditions Annie Young-Mathews, Kathy Pendergrass and Amy Bartow

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Longevity of Scarified Seed of Three Native Legumes Under Different Seed Storage Conditions Annie Young-Mathews, Kathy Pendergrass and Amy Bartow FINAL STUDY REPORT NRCS Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, OR December 2017 Longevity of Scarified Seed of Three Native Legumes under Different Seed Storage Conditions Annie Young-Mathews, Kathy Pendergrass and Amy Bartow ABSTRACT Seed mixes are often needed at short notice for revegetation or erosion control plantings, and many native Pacific Northwest legumes used for such plantings require mechanical scarification in order to obtain rapid, even germination. Mechanical scarification and seed storage conditions have the potential to affect the long-term viability of seed. Studies were conducted at the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Corvallis Plant Materials Center, Corvallis, Oregon to determine the response of riverbank lupine (Lupinus rivularis), broadleaf lupine (Lupinus latifolius), and rosy bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus aboriginus) to seed storage environment and scarification treatment over the course of five years. Seed of all three legume species showed little response to either storage environment or scarification, retaining greater than 90% viability levels over the five years of the study. Results suggest that scarified legume seed might be maintained for several years in “ready-to-go” seed mixes, even under less than ideal storage conditions, thus facilitating rapid revegetation efforts when the need arises. INTRODUCTION In western Oregon, seed mixes are often needed at short notice for revegetation of retired logging roads, road cuts, reseeding after fires, or for other erosion control plantings. The Salem and Eugene Districts of the Oregon Bureau of Land Management (BLM) were interested in developing simple seed mixes, including legumes and grasses, which could be seeded in projects on the west slopes of the Cascades and Coast Range in western Oregon. However, because it is often difficult to plan ahead for the amount of seed needed for each year’s projects, seed mixes may remain in storage for several years. Many of the legumes of interest for such plantings have hard seedcoats that require scarification in order to obtain quick and even germination, but there was concern that there would be reduced viability of seed once the seedcoat has been compromised. In 2009, the Oregon BLM developed an Intra-Governmental Order (IGO) with Oregon USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Corvallis Plant Materials Center (PMC) to develop seed mixes for revegetation in western Oregon, including recommendations for seed treatment, seed storage, and planting protocols to achieve optimal seedling establishment. The three legumes of interest, riverbank lupine (Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl.), broadleaf lupine (Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J. Agardh), and rosy bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus aboriginus Jeps., also known as Hosackia rosea Eastw. or Lotus crassifolius (Benth.) Greene var. subglaber Annie Young-Mathews, Plant Materials Center Manager, 3415 NE Granger Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330, anna.young- [email protected] (Ottley) C.L. Hitchc.), are herbaceous perennials with fairly wide distribution in the Oregon Coast Range and western slopes of the Cascade Range at elevations up to about 7,000 ft (Young- Mathews and Darris, 2011; Darris and Young-Mathews, 2012; Jaster et al., 2017; USDA-NRCS, 2017). Based on container and seed production experience at the Corvallis PMC, riverbank lupine generally does not require scarification for fall planting or container production (Bartow, 2015), but has exhibited more even germination with scarification prior to spring planting. Percentage of hard seed in riverbank lupine varies widely depending on the population and year, but can range from 10 to 65% (Corvallis PMC, unpublished data). Broadleaf lupine has shown similar variability, ranging from 3 to 42% hard seed in different populations or years. Hot water treatment or mechanical scarification is generally recommended prior to seeding to aid in even germination of broadleaf lupine (Flessner and Trindle, 2003). While there is no published data on seed treatments or percentage of hard seed in rosy bird’s-foot trefoil, it may be similar to the closely related Lotus crassifolius, which generally requires both mechanical scarification and 60 to 90 days of cold, moist stratification to germinate (Young-Mathews and Darris, 2011). Hard seeded legume species are known to maintain viability for many years under optimal storage conditions. Some Lupinus species have been reported to maintain germinability for 6 to 24 years (Atabekova and Ermakova, 1973), while other hard seeded legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago falcata and M. sativa) stored for over 60 years were reported to germinate at rates of up to 48% and 30%, respectively (Wilton et al., 1978). However, a study on the storage of acid- scarified seed of the annuals Lupinus texensis and L. havardii showed that germination of the scarified seed declined rapidly after just four months of storage at 75% relative humidity (RH) and 72°F, but scarified seed stored at cooler temperatures (40°F) and lower RH (11-52%) maintained or increased in germinability after one year of storage (Mackay, 2005). Little is known about the longevity or storage requirements for scarified seed of riverbank lupine, broadleaf lupine, and rosy bird’s-foot trefoil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the longevity of scarified seed of these three legume species under different storage conditions. The outcome of this study will help determine whether “ready-to-go” seed mixes may be scarified in advance for restoration needs without a great loss of viability, and whether refrigerated storage is needed to maintain seed viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2012 to 2017, the Corvallis PMC conducted a study to evaluate the longevity of scarified legume seed stored in different storage environments. Two storage environments were evaluated: a controlled environment (walk-in seed cooler set at 45°F and 30–40% relative humidity) and an un-controlled warehouse-like environment (PMC headhouse with no temperature or humidity control, ranging from approximately 40 to 100°F and 30 to 100% RH). Seed lots used in this trial were provided by the Salem District of the BLM from 2008 harvests of western Oregon populations grown at the USDI-BLM Walter Horning Seed Orchard (NRCS accession numbers: Lotus aboriginus [originally labelled L. crassifolius] 9109149; Lupinus latifolius 9109150; and Lupinus rivularis 9109151). On 26 April 2012, seed lots for scarified treatments were run through a Westrup seed scarifier (Westrup, Slagelse, Denmark) at medium-high speed for about 6 to 8 minutes, until seeds looked dulled and seed coats were nicked. Seed viability was tested by tetrazolium (TZ) assay on 200 seeds per lot according to standard TZ protocols (AOSA and SCST, 2009; Grabe, 1970) at the Oregon State University (OSU) Seed Laboratory at the 2 beginning of the experiment in May 2012 and six months later in November 2012. When greater than half of the treatments had higher TZ at the 6-month test than the original tests, TZ assays were repeated in December 2012. Due to continued inconsistencies in TZ results from the OSU Seed Lab, the 1-year tests were sent to both OSU and Tangent Seed Lab. The 2-year and 5-year TZ tests were both evaluated at the Tangent Seed Lab following standard TZ protocols. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seed viability for the three species tested did not appear to decline appreciably after five years, regardless of scarification treatment or storage environment (Table 1). There continue to be inconsistencies in the TZ test results, as some seed lots apparently had higher viability after five years than when the experiment started. However, regardless of these questions with TZ testing, all seed lots have obviously maintained a high level of viability so far. Table 1. Viability of scarified and non-scarified seeds of three legume species stored in two storage environments over five years at the USDA-NRCS Corvallis Plant Materials Center, 2012-2017. ¥ Storage Storage duration (yr) Species Environment§ Trt£ 0 0.5 0.6 1 1 2 5 -------------------------------%------------------------------- Lotus aboriginus Cooler NS 96 97 96 94 92 100 99 S 97 95 83 94 97 100 98 Lupinus latifolius NS 83 98 93 65 96 88 99 S 78 95 81 65 93 87 96 Lupinus rivularis NS 87 92 80 49 95 90 96 S 80 97 76 62 94 83 95 Lotus aboriginus Headhouse NS 95 97 97 94 91 98 97 S 97 95 94 97 96 98 97 Lupinus latifolius NS 90 97 94 63 97 87 97 S 81 97 92 40 95 90 97 Lupinus rivularis NS 86 96 77 68 91 90 96 S 74 96 85 63 94 76 96 § Cooler, seed cooler with controlled atmosphere of 45°F, dehumidified to 30–40% RH; Headhouse, uncontrolled headhouse with temperatures ranging from approximately 40 to 100°F and relative humidity levels from 30 to 100%. £ Seed treatments, NS−non-scarified seed, S−mechanically scarified. ¥ TZ assays performed by OSU Seed Lab for year 0, 0.5, 0.6, and first year-1. TZ assays performed by Tangent Seed Lab for second year-1, year-2 and year-5 tests. CONCLUSION Viability of all three legume species remained high over five years of storage, regardless of scarification treatment or storage environment, suggesting that “ready-to-go” scarified legume seed might be maintained for at least five years, even under less than ideal storage conditions. 3 LITERATURE CITED AOSA (Association of Official Seed Analysts) and SCST (Society of Commercial Seed Technologists). 1993. Rules for testing seeds. Journal of Seed Technology 16(3):1-113. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23432704 Atabekova, A.I., and V.E. Ermakova. 1973. Germinability of lupin seeds of different age. Izvestiya timiryazevskoi sel'skokhozyaistvennoi akademii 1:62-67. Bartow, A. 2015. Propagation protocol for production of container (plug) Lupinus rivularis plants. USDA NRCS - Corvallis Plant Materials Center Corvallis, Oregon. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2017/11/21). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pollinator–Friendly Parks
    POLLINATOR–FRIENDLY PARKS How to Enhance Parks, Gardens, and Other Greenspaces for Native Pollinator Insects Matthew Shepherd, Mace Vaughan, and Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, OR The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation is an international, nonprofit, member–supported organiza- tion dedicated to preserving wildlife and its habitat through the conservation of invertebrates. The Society promotes protection of invertebrates and their habitat through science–based advocacy, conservation, and education projects. Its work focuses on three principal areas—endangered species, watershed health, and pollinator conservation. Copyright © 2008 (2nd Edition) The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. 4828 SE Hawthorne Boulevard, Portland, OR 97215 Tel (503) 232-6639 Fax (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org Acknowledgements Thank you to Bruce Barbarasch (Tualatin Hills Park & Recreation District, OR) and Lisa Hamerlynck (City of Lake Oswego, OR) for reviewing early drafts. Their guidance and suggestions greatly improved these guide- lines. Thank you to Eric Mader and Jessa Guisse for help with the plant lists, and to Caitlyn Howell and Logan Lauvray for editing assistance. Funding for our pollinator conservation program has been provided by the Bradshaw-Knight Foundation, the Bullitt Foundation, the Columbia Foundation, the CS Fund, the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, the Dudley Foundation, the Gaia Fund, NRCS Agricultural Wildlife Conservation Center, NRCS California, NRCS West National Technical Support Center, the Panta Rhea Foundation, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Founda- tion, the Turner Foundation, the Wildwood Foundation, and Xerces Society members Photographs We are grateful to Jeff Adams, Scott Bauer/USDA–ARS, John Davis/GORGEous Nature, Chris Evans/ www.forestryimages.com, Bruce Newhouse, Jeff Owens/Metalmark Images, and Edward S.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park
    19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park Author(s): Dorothy Scherer Published by: California Native Plant Society i Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: www.fortross.org Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the source of the content; if you use material from FRC online, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org.” Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association, connects people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. © Fort Ross Conservancy, 19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450, 707-847-3437 .~ ) VASCULAR PLANTS of FORT ROSS STATE HISTORIC PARK SONOMA COUNTY A PLANT COMMUNITIES PROJECT DOROTHY KING YOUNG CHAPTER CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY DOROTHY SCHERER, CHAIRPERSON DECEMBER 30, 1999 ) Vascular Plants of Fort Ross State Historic Park August 18, 2000 Family Botanical Name Common Name Plant Habitat Listed/ Community Comments Ferns & Fern Allies: Azollaceae/Mosquito Fern Azo/la filiculoides Mosquito Fern wp Blechnaceae/Deer Fern Blechnum spicant Deer Fern RV mp,sp Woodwardia fimbriata Giant Chain Fern RV wp Oennstaedtiaceae/Bracken Fern Pleridium aquilinum var. pubescens Bracken, Brake CG,CC,CF mh T Oryopteridaceae/Wood Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Western lady Fern RV sp,wp Dryopteris arguta Coastal Wood Fern OS op,st Dryopteris expansa Spreading Wood Fern RV sp,wp Polystichum munitum Western Sword Fern CF mh,mp Equisetaceae/Horsetail Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail RV ds,mp Equisetum hyemale ssp.affine Common Scouring Rush RV mp,sg Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouring Rush mp,sg Equisetum telmateia ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • TEXAS BLUEBONNET 'ALAMO FIRE' Lupinus Texensis(Fabaceae
    TEXAS BLUEBONNET ‘ALAMO FIRE’ Lupinus texensis(Fabaceae) Characteristics Type: Annual Bloom Color: Maroon with white tip Root type: Tap Blooms: March to May Height: 1-2 feet Winter Hardy Water Use: Low Well drained soil Light: full sun Attractive to bees Soil: Dry Texas Superstar® Culture A hardy winter annual that is a relative of the "State Flower of Texas". The maroon flowers are densely arranged on a spike with a characteristic ice white terminal tip. Bluebonnets cannot tolerate poorly drained, clay based soils. Seed planted in poorly drained soils will germinate, but plants will never fully develop. Seedlings will become either stunted or turn yellow and soon die. Prefers a sloped area in light to gravelly, well drained, soil with a pH level between 6-7. Seed is scarified for quick germination. Bluebonnets require 8 hours of direct sun. Noteworthy Characteristics A Bluebonnet with an "Attitude" for the 21st century, the Alamo Fire is an exclusive introduction from Wildseed Farms, developed in conjunction with Dr. Jerry Parsons. The original plant was found in the wild near San Antonio, Texas and has taken over 20 years to develop for your gardening pleasure. Cross-pollination may occur in future generations. To keep plants true to color, remove any plant that blooms in purple or blue shades as soon as possible. Problems Plants in the genus Lupinus, especially the seeds, can be toxic to humans and animals if ingested. Garden Uses Texas bluebonnets can be grown in raised flower beds, half wooden barrels, hanging baskets, mixtures, hillsides, roadsides and meadows. .
    [Show full text]
  • Bumble Bee Pollen Foraging on Lupine (Lupinus: Fabaceae)
    BUMBLE BEE POLLEN FORAGING ON LUPINE (LUPINUS: FABACEAE): WITHIN-WHORL DECISIONS by Birgit Semsrott A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts In Biology May 2000 BUMBLE BEE POLLEN FORAGING ON LUPINE (LUPINUS: FABACEAE): WITHIN-WHORL DECISIONS by Birgit Semsrott We certify that we have read this study and that it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully acceptable, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Approved by the Master's Thesis Committee: Michael R. Mesler, Major Professor Michael &mann, Committee Member P. Dawn Goley, Committee Member Casey Lu, Committee Member Milton J. Boyd, Graduate Coordinator Ronald Fritzsche, Dean for Research and Graduate Studies ABSTRACT Bumble bee pollen foraging on lupine (Lupinus: Fabaceae): within-whorl decisions Birgit Semsrott Bumble bees (Bombus: Apidae) can maximize foraging efficiency in a resource-patchy environment by visiting mainly rewarding flowers and avoiding those that are either empty or less rewarding. This study investigated how bumble bees avoid unrewarding flowers of lupine (Lupinus: Fabaceae), a plant in which the pollen is hidden from view. I recorded whether bees left a whorl upon encountering various situations. Bumble bees clearly discriminated against flowers that showed unambiguous visual signs of being unrewarding. In the absence of any visual cues, bees made use of a presumably predictable spatial distribution of pollen within whorls. They were able to assess the amount of pollen collected per flower, and they departed upon encountering one or more unrewarding flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Desmodium Cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon Large-Bracted Tick-Trefoil
    New England Plant Conservation Program Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon Large-bracted Tick-trefoil Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Lynn C. Harper Habitat Protection Specialist Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Westborough, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, 2002 SUMMARY Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon (Fabaceae) is a tall, herbaceous, perennial legume that is regionally rare in New England. Found most often in dry, open, rocky woods over circumneutral to calcareous bedrock, it has been documented from 28 historic and eight current sites in the three states (Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts) where it is tracked by the Natural Heritage programs. The taxon has not been documented from Maine. In Connecticut and Rhode Island, the species is reported but not tracked by the Heritage programs. Two current sites in Connecticut are known from herbarium specimens. No current sites are known from Rhode Island. Although secure throughout most of its range in eastern and midwestern North America, D. cuspidatum is Endangered in Vermont, considered Historic in New Hampshire, and watch-listed in Massachusetts. It is ranked G5 globally. Very little is understood about the basic biology of this species. From work on congeners, it can be inferred that there are likely to be no problems with pollination, seed set, or germination. As for most legumes, rhizobial bacteria form nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of D. cuspidatum. It is unclear whether there have been any changes in the numbers or distribution of rhizobia capable of forming effective mutualisms with D.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of Naming – Flo Oxley
    The Nature of Naming Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Flo Oxley What’s in a Name? • "A rose is a rose," it has been said • And most of us know a rose when we see one • As we know the African marigolds • Maples, elms, cedars, and pines that shade our backyards and line our streets What’s in a Name? • We usually call these plants by their common names • But if we wanted to know more about the cedar tree in our front yard, we would find that "cedar" may refer to: – Eastern red cedar What’s in a Name? • Incense cedar What’s in a Name? • Western red cedar What’s in a Name? • Atlantic white cedar What’s in a Name? • Spanish cedar What’s in a Name? • Biblical Lebanon cedar What’s in a Name? • In fact, we would find that cedars are found in three separate plant families What’s in a Name? • Later, after discovering that our "African" marigolds are in fact from Mexico and our "Spanish" cedar originated in the West Indies, we would realize how misleading the common names of plants can be. What’s in a Name? • The same plant can have many different common names – European white lily has at least 245 – Marsh marigold has at least 280 What’s in a Name? • Clearly, if we use only the common name of a plant, we cannot be sure of understanding very much about that plant Classification • It is for this reason that the scientific community prefers to use a more precise way of naming, or classification • Scientific classification, however, is more than just naming: it is a key to understanding • Botanists name a plant to give it a unique place in the biological world, as well as to clarify its relationships within that world How Are Plants Classified? • Science classifies living things in an orderly system through which they can be easily identified – Categories of increasing size, based upon relationships within those categories How Are Plants Classified? • For example, all plants can be put in order from the more primitive to the more advanced.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Flora of East Texas Illustrated Flora of East Texas
    ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: DAVID GIBSON AND WILL CRENSHAW DISCOVERY FUND U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, USDA FOREST SERVICE) TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT SCOTT AND STUART GENTLING BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) TEMPLE-INLAND FOUNDATION SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON PEG & BEN KEITH DORA & GORDON SYLVESTER DAVID & SUE NIVENS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OF TEXAS DAVID & MARGARET BAMBERGER GORDON MAY & KAREN WILLIAMSON JACOB & TERESE HERSHEY FOUNDATION INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE II OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK HOLLEMAN, W.B. PETRUS, ELAINE J. BATTERBAE, SUSAN ROBERTS HOLT, JEAN & DUNCAN PRITCHETT, MARY H. BECK, NELL HUBER, MARY MAUD PRICE, DIANE BECKELMAN, SARA HUDSON, JIM & YONIE PRUESS, WARREN W. BENDER, LYNNE HULTMARK, GORDON & SARAH ROACH, ELIZABETH M. & ALLEN BIBB, NATHAN & BETTIE HUSTON, MELIA ROEBUCK, RICK & VICKI BOSWORTH, TONY JACOBS, BONNIE & LOUIS ROGNLIE, GLORIA & ERIC BOTTONE, LAURA BURKS JAMES, ROI & DEANNA ROUSH, LUCY BROWN, LARRY E. JEFFORDS, RUSSELL M. ROWE, BRIAN BRUSER, III, MR. & MRS. HENRY JOHN, SUE & PHIL ROZELL, JIMMY BURT, HELEN W. JONES, MARY LOU SANDLIN, MIKE CAMPBELL, KATHERINE & CHARLES KAHLE, GAIL SANDLIN, MR. & MRS. WILLIAM CARR, WILLIAM R. KARGES, JOANN SATTERWHITE, BEN CLARY, KAREN KEITH, ELIZABETH & ERIC SCHOENFELD, CARL COCHRAN, JOYCE LANEY, ELEANOR W. SCHULTZE, BETTY DAHLBERG, WALTER G. LAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES E. SCHULZE, PETER & HELEN DALLAS CHAPTER-NPSOT LECHE, BEVERLY SENNHAUSER, KELLY S. DAMEWOOD, LOGAN & ELEANOR LEWIS, PATRICIA SERLING, STEVEN DAMUTH, STEVEN LIGGIO, JOE SHANNON, LEILA HOUSEMAN DAVIS, ELLEN D.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection
    sustainability Review Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection Brandon Schlautman 1,2,* ID , Spencer Barriball 1, Claudia Ciotir 2,3, Sterling Herron 2,3 and Allison J. Miller 2,3 1 The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd., Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] 2 Saint Louis University Department of Biology, 1008 Spring Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (A.J.M.) 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4500 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-785-823-5376 Received: 12 February 2018; Accepted: 4 March 2018; Published: 7 March 2018 Abstract: Annual cereal and legume grain production is dependent on inorganic nitrogen (N) and other fertilizers inputs to resupply nutrients lost as harvested grain, via soil erosion/runoff, and by other natural or anthropogenic causes. Temperate-adapted perennial grain legumes, though currently non-existent, might be uniquely situated as crop plants able to provide relief from reliance on synthetic nitrogen while supplying stable yields of highly nutritious seeds in low-input agricultural ecosystems. As such, perennial grain legume breeding and domestication programs are being initiated at The Land Institute (Salina, KS, USA) and elsewhere. This review aims to facilitate the development of those programs by providing criteria for evaluating potential species and in choosing candidates most likely to be domesticated and adopted as herbaceous, perennial, temperate-adapted grain legumes. We outline specific morphological and ecophysiological traits that may influence each candidate’s agronomic potential, the quality of its seeds and the ecosystem services it can provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Seed Germination and Micro Propagation of Trema Orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga Pelt at a (Roxb.) Mull
    STUDIES ON SEED GERMINATION AND MICRO PROPAGATION OF TREMA ORIENTALIS (L.) BLUME AND MACARANGA PELT AT A (ROXB.) MULL. ARG. AND THEIR USE IN REVEGETATION OF MINE WASTELANDS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO GOA UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF 5 8 1 • - # 7 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY tfOM/SfU IN /O V)CX BOTANY 6* tfc FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE ^- i PUi> BY CASSIE R. RODRIGUES V* Research Guide PROF. B. F. RODRIGUES UGC-SAP DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY ) GOA UNIVERSITY December 2013 T — S 2.2- T - 62 - 2- <Dedicated to, M y Parents Mrs. Adetina g. (Rpdrignes Mr. A- Bosco <Rgdrigues M y g u id e Prof. (Bernard <F. (Rgdrigues DECLARATION I hereby declare that the matter embodied in this thesis entitled, “Studies on seed germination and micro propagation of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull. Arg. and their use in revegetation of mine wastelands.” is the result of investigations carried out by me, under the supervision of Prof. B. F Rodrigues and it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or the other such similar title. Goa University Ms. Cassie R. Rodrigues December 2013 (Candidate) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work incorporated in this thesis entitled, “Studies on seed germination and micro propagation of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume and Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull. Arg. and their use in revegetation of mine wastelands.” submitted by Ms. Cassie R. Rodrigues, constitutes her independent work and the same has not been previously submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or the other such title.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Meadowscaping Handbook
    The Meadowscaping Handbook Acknowledgments The Meadowscaping Handbook: Designing, Planting and Managing Many thanks to Mark Griswold Wilson & GreenWorks for contracted and an Urban Meadow was produced as part of a collective effort by the in-kind contributions to this publication. Pacific Northwest Urban Meadowscaping (PNUM) working group. The This report was funded by the West Multnomah Soil & Water experiences of regional ecologists, landscape professionals and regional Conservation District (WMSWCD). The contents of this document do not prairie research also informed this handbook. necessarily reflect the views and policies of WMSWCD, nor does mention Handbook written and edited by Mary Logalbo, West Multnomah Soil & of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or Water Conservation District and Mark Griswold Wilson, Ecologist. recommendation for use. Additional edits by Carolyn Lindberg, West Multnomah Soil & Water This publication is available in downloadable format at Conservation District. Project managed by Mary Logalbo, West www.wmswcd.org Multnomah Soil & Water Conservation District. West Multnomah Soil & Water Conservation District doesn’t discriminate Many thanks to the following for document review: based on age, color, disability, gender identity or expression, genetic information, marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual Gaylen Beatty, Columbia Land Trust, Backyard Habitat Certification orientation, or veteran status, or any other characteristics protected Program by law. The District is an equal opportunity employer. Reasonable Mary Bushman, City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services accommodations are made for events, educational materials and services Erik Carr, East Multnomah Soil & Water Conservation District and invite your feedback. Please email questions or comments to [email protected] or call 503.238.4775.
    [Show full text]