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TURKMEN, TURKMENO, TURKMÈNE Language Family

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TURKMEN, TURKMENO, TURKMÈNE Language Family TURKMEN, TURKMENO, TURKMÈNE Language family: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian. Language codes: ISO 639-1 tk ISO 639-2 tuk ISO 639-3 tuk Glottolog: turk1304. Linguasphere: part of 44-AAB-a. ﺗﻮرﮐﻤﻦ ,Beste izen batzuk (Türkmençe, Türkmen dili, Түркменче, Түркмен дили :(ﺗﻴﻠی ,ﺗﻮرﮐﻤﻨﭽﻪ torkomani alt turkmen [TCK]. turkman alt turkmen [TCK]. trukhmen alt turkmen [TCK]. trukhmeny alt turkmen [TCK]. trukmen alt turkmen [TCK]. trukmen dial turkmen [TCK]. turkmani alt turkmen [TCK]. turkmanian alt turkmen [TCK]. turkmen [TCK] hizk, Turkmenistan; baita Afganistan, Alemania, AEB, Iran, Irak, Kazakstan, Kirgizistan, Pakistan, Errusia (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkia (Asia) eta Uzbekistan ere. turkmenler alt turkmen [TCK]. turkoman alt turkmen [TCK]. turkomani alt turkmen [TCK]. turkomans alt turkmen [TCK]. AFGANISTAN turkmen (turkoman, trukmen, turkman) [TCK] 500.000 hiztun (1995). Turkmenistanen mugan zehar, bereziki Fariab eta Badghis probintzien mugetan. Batzuk Andkhoi eta Herat hirietan. Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian. Dialektoak: salor, teke (tekke, chagatai, jagatai), ersari, sariq, yomut. Dialekto diferentzia markatuak. Seguruenez ersari dialektoa nagusi Afganistanen. Helebitasuna pashtoerarekin. Errefuxiatuen talde bat Kabulen. Sirian ‘turkmeniar’ deitu herritarrak azerbaijaneraren hiztunak dira. Arabiar idazkera. Pertsona eskolatuenak gai dira zirilikoz irakurtzeko. Egunkariak. Ikus sarrera nagusia Turkmenistanen. IRAN turmen (torkomani) [TCK] 2.000.000 hiztun (1997), edo herriaren % 3,17 (1997). Ipar- ekialdea, batez ere Mazandaran Probintzia, Turkmenistanen mugan zehar; garrantzizko zentroak dira Gonbad-e Kavus eta Pahlavi Dezh. Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian. Dialektoak: anauli, khasarli, nerezim, nokhurli (nohur), chavdur, esari (esary), goklen (goklan), salyr, saryq, teke (tekke), yomud (yomut), trukmen. Elebitasuna farsierarekin. Iranen ez da hizkuntza literarioa. Asko erdi-nomadak dira. Talde etnikoak: yomut, goklan. Hauek irakur dezakete arabiar idazkera. Irrati programak. Ikus sarrera nagusia Turkmenistanen. TURKIA (Asia) turkmen (trukhmen) [TCK] 925 hiztun (1982). Tokat Probintzia. Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian. Afganistandik errefuxiatuak, gaur turkiar hiritarrak. Ikus sarrera nagusia Turkmenistanen. TURKMENISTAN turkmen (turkomans, turkmenler, turkmanian, turkhmen, turkhmeny, turkmani) [TCK] 3.430.000 hiztun (1995), 3.465.000ko talde etnikoko % 99. Herrialde guztietako populazio osoa 6.400.000. Halaber mintzatua Afganistan, Alemania, AEB, Iran, Irak, Kazakstan, Kirgizistan, Pakistan, Errusia (Asia), Tajikistan, Turkia (Asia) eta Uzbekistanen ere. Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian. Dialektoak: nokhurli, anauli, khasarli, nerezim, yomud, teke (tekke), goklen, salyr, saryq, esari, cawdur. Dialekto batzuk tekeratik bereizi egiten dira. % 50ek errusiera ondo jakitea aldarrikatzen dute. Sirian ustezko ‘turkmeniarrek’, eta agian baita Irak eta Jordanian ere, gaur turkmeneraren forma zahar bat mintzatzen dute; Tibeten ustezko ‘turkmeniarrek’ agian turkiar hizkuntza diferente bat mintzatzen dute. Hizkuntza nazionala, hiztegia, gramatika, idazkera zirilikoa, irrati programak. Hizkuntza / lengua: turkmenera / turkmen / turkmeno / turkmène Hiztunak / hablantes (2011): 4.000.000 (Wikipedia). Herrialdea / país: Turkmenistan, Iran, Afganistan. HISTORIA. La lengua turkmen se habla principalmente en Turkmenistán por 2.700.000 HISTORIA. Turkmenera gehienbat habitantes. El 90 % de la región lo constituye Turkmenistanen mintzatzen dute 2.700.000 territorio desértico. La región linda al norte con bizilagunek. Herrialde honen lurraldea % Irán y Afganistán, al oeste con el Mar Caspio y 90ean basamortua da. Iparraldean Iran eta al este con Uzbekistán. La lengua turkmen es Afganistan ditu mugakide, Kaspiar Itsasoa similar a las lenguas turcas como azeri y sartaldean eta Uzbekistan sortaldean. osman Hablantes del turkmen se encuentran Turkmeneraren antzeko hizkuntzak dira tanbién en los vecinos países de Irán mendebaldeko azeriera eta turkiar osmanera. (880.000), Afganistán (580.000), Uzbekistán Turkmeneradunak halaber aurki daitezke (130.000), Tajikistán (21.000), y Rusia Iranen (880.000), Afganistanen (580.000), (42.000. Igualmente viven en Siria unos Uzbekistanen (130.000), Tajikistanen 100.000 hablantes del turkmen. (21.000), eta Errusian (42.000). Halaber bizi dira 100 bat mila turkmeneradun Sirian. LENGUA. Principales características. HIZKUNTZA. Ezaugarri nagusiak. Fonética. A) Posee 30 letras: 9 vocales (a, e, Fonetika. A) Hogeita hamar letra ditu: 9 ä, i, o, ö, u, ü, y); el grafema y es considerado bokal (a, e, ä, i, o, ö, u, ü, y); y grafema en el libro Parlons Turkmène como Parlons Turkmène liburuan erdikontsonante semiconsonante y 21 consonantes. B) Las kontsideratzen da eta 21 kontsonante ditu. B) vocales pueden ser largas y breves. C) Posee Bokalak luzeak nahiz laburrak izan daitezke. la harmonía vocálica y harmonía consonántica, C) Badu armonia bokalikoa eta armonia siendo esta una regla de asmilición de kontsonantikoa, hau kontsonanteen consonantes. D) El acento tónico recae sobre asimilazioaren araua izanik. la última sílaba. Morfosintaxia. A) Ez du generorik ezta Morfosintaxis. A) No posee género ni artikulurik ere. B) Plurala eratzeko -lar/-ler artículo. B) El plural se forma añadiendo el atzizkia eransten dio izen-oinarriari, armonia sufijo -lar/-ler a la base nominal, según las bokalikoaren araukak aplikatuz: maşgala reglas de la harmonía vocálica: maşgala ‘sendia’ maşgalalar ‘sendiak’. C) 6 kasu ditu ‘familia’ maşgalalar ‘familias’. C) Posee 6 deklinabidean: nominatiboa, akusatiboa, casos de declinación: nominativo, acusativo, datiboa, genitiboa, lokatiboa eta ablatiboa. D) dativo, genitivo, locativo y ablativo. D) El Adjektiboa aldaezina da eta izenaren aurrean adjetivo es invariable y precede al nombra. E) doa. E) Aditzak bihurkariak, elkarkariak, Los verbos se dividen en reflexivos, recíprocos, arazleak eta pasiboak dira. F) Infinitiboaren factitivos y pasivos. F) Los sufijos se unen marka -mak edo -mek da. G) Hona hemen directamente a las raíces verbales. F) La turkmeneraz lehenengo 10 zenbakiak: nul (0), marca del infinitivo es -mak o -mek. G) Los 10 bir (1), iki (2), üç (3), dört (4), bäş (5), altï (6), primeros números en turkmeno son: nul (0), ýedï (7), sekiz (8), dokuz (9), on (10). bir (1), iki (2), üç (3), dört (4), bäş (5), altï (6), Idazkera. Alfabeto zirilikoa Turkmenistanen. ýedï (7), sekiz (8), dokuz (9), on (10). Sobietar gobernuak behartu zuen arabiar alfabetoaren ordez zirilikoa hartzera, arabiar Escritura. Alfabeto cirílico en Turkmenistán. El munduarekiko sentimenduak gobierno soviético impuso el cambio del desagerrarazteko asmoz. Independentziaren alfabeto árabe al cirílico con el fin de romper ondoren, Turkiak latindar alfabetoa hartu zuen sus lazos con el mundo árabe. Tras la eta herrialde musulmanek arabiar idazkera. independencia, Turkia adoptó el alfabeto latino y los países musulmanes la escritura árabe. GRAMATIKAK, METODOAK, ESKULIBURUAK CENTRAL ASIA PHRASEBOOKS, languages of the silk road, uyghur, uzbek, kyrgyz, kazhak, pashto, tajik, tashkorghani, turkmen, burushaski, khowar, mandarin, mongolian, shina, wakhi, Lonely Planet, author: Justin Jon Rudelson, 1st edition, 14x9, 239 or., Victoria (Australia), 1998. PARLONS TURKMÈNE, Philippe-Schmerka Blacher eta Türkmençe Gepleýäris, L’Harmattan, Langue et culture, gramatika eta hiztegia, 21x13, 232 or., Paris, 2002. Parlons turkmène liburuaren sinopsia: Voici le premier livre en français destiné à un vaste public qui permet la découverte de la langue et de la culture du Tukménistan. Grâce à ces fabuleuses ressources en hydrocarbures, ce pays au cœur de l’Asie central est pressenti pour devenir le prochain eldorado des grandes industries internationales. Après plus d’un siècle de contrôl russe puis soviétique dans ses vastes plaines, le pays retrouve en ce début de XXIe siècle sa culture accueillante héritée du nomadisme et sa langue appartenant à la famille des langues turciques. Les lecteurs découvriront donc una langue non indo-européenne mais qui rassurera les plus empressés d’entre eux par la simplicité de sa grammaire, son écriture latine, son harmonie vocalique et la régularité du système linguistique. À l’instar des autres volumes de la collection, Parlons turkmène comporte de nombreuses informations sur les traditions turkmènes. Les premières pages permettent de se familiariser rapidement avec la prononciation et les règles de base de la langue. La description des tapis, des bijoux et de la cuisine nationale, tout est conçu pour donner envie de découvrir un pays hors du temps, séduisant, pittoresque, hors des sentiers battus qui aura pour clef d’entrée la gentillesse et l’hospitalité de ses habitants. TURKMENIAR HIZKUNTZA TURKMEN LANGUAGE Turkmenerak bokal luzeak eta laburrak ditu. Bokal laburren Turkmen contains both short and long vowels. Doubling the hotsen iraupena berretuz lortzen da normalean bokal duration of sound for a short vowel is generally how its long homologoen ahoskera. Turmenerak badu bokal harmonia, vowel counterpart is pronounced. Turkmen employs vowel hizkuntza turkikoen printzipio amankomuna. Hona hemen harmony, a principle that is common in fellow Turkic bokalak eta beren ahoskera: languages. Vowels and their sounds are as follows: Bokalak / Vowels Front Back unrounded rounded unrounded rounded Close i/и [i] ü/ү [y] üý/үй [yː] y/ы [ɯ] u/у [u] Mid e/е [e] ö/ө [ø] o/о [o] Open ä/ә [æː] a/а [a]1 Kontsonanteak / Consonants Kontsonanteen fonemak turkmeneraz (turkmeniar alfabetoan) Turkmen consonant phonemes
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