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Nordiska Gemenskaper Detta Har Man Låtit Trycka Upp Denna Bok
Johan Strang Johan Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 København K www.norden.org I år, 2012, fyller Nordiska rådet 60 år och för att fira Nordiska Gemenskaper Nordiska detta har man låtit trycka upp denna bok. Men det är ingen vanlig jubileumsbok. Nordiska rådet vill denna gång se framåt och följa upp den förnyade diskussionen om det nordiska samarbetet. Mycket tyder på att det nordiska upplever en renässans. Krisen i EU, välfärdsmodellens styrka och det globala in- tresset för den arktiska regionen är några av de faktorer som driver de nordiska länderna samman. Utrikes- och Nordiska försvarspolitiken har blivit centrala områden för sam- arbetet vilket betyder att de strukturer som byggdes Gemenskaper upp för samarbetet på 1950- och 70-talen inte längre är tidsenliga. en vision för samarbetet Centrum för Norden-studier (CENS) e skapades vid Helsingfors universi- N tet 2002 med uppdraget att identi- Denna bok presenterar en vision för Norden som bygger v fiera och studera de specifika fak- på ett synligt, profilerat och resultatorienterat samar- ISI Johan Strang torer som gör de nordiska länderna bete i Nordiska Gemenskaper. o nordiska. CENS analyserar Nordens N för historia, samhälle, politik och kultur som områden för spänningar där olika krafter drar mot sina egna S mål. De nordiska länderna analy- amar seras ur ett komparativt perspektiv vilket betyder att dialogen med utom nordiska forskare är essen- B etet tiell. Genom externt finansierade projekt (EU, NordForsk, Finlands Akademi) har CENS skapat sig en ledande ställning i fälten för begreppshistoria, politisk kultur, välfärd, regionalism och regionalt ISBN 978-92-893-2419-9 samarbete. -
Erkki Tuomioja, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Erkki Tuomioja, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY At the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt an der Oder EMBARGOED UNTIL 11 January 2005 11.1.2005 12.00 From Europe to Real-Europa The recent events in Ukraine remind us of the fact that the transformation of Europe, which started in 1989, is still continuing. German reunification, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the re-established independence of the Baltic States and the liberation of Eastern Europe set in motion a process that has not yet come to an end. This chain of events released energy, which had previously been held back by the command economy, and gave impetus to a comprehensive modernization process of societies. The gap in living standards between East and West began to shrink. A major milestone was the enlargement of the European Union by ten new Member States in May 2004. To quote Willy Brandt: "What belongs together, grows together". Ukraine’s Orange Revolution has finally proved that freedom without democracy does not work. On the other hand, democracy does not function without the safeguards guaranteed by the rule of law and the democratic control exercised by civil society, a political opposition and the media – in other words a system of checks and balances. The bloodless dissolution of the Soviet Union and the ideological system it represented was a historic event, the uniqueness of which is accentuated by the violent collapse of Yugoslavia. Freedom is a mighty power. German re-unification became possible only after the birth of true freedom brought about by the collapse of the Berlin Wall. -
Toimintakertomus 2005
Dnro 1/031/2006 15.3.2006 VALTION TALOUDELLISEN TUTKIMUSKESKUKSEN (VATT) TOIMINTAKERTOMUS 2005 Helsinki 2006 SISÄLLYSLUETTELO 1. JOHDON KATSAUS TOIMINTAAN ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. TULOKSELLISUUDEN KUVAUS ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 TOIMINNAN VAIKUTTAVUUS .............................................................................................................................................. 5 TUTKIMUSALUE I TYÖMARKKINAT, VEROTUS JA SOSIAALITURVA ............................................................................................. 5 TUTKIMUSALUE II JULKINEN TALOUS, YRITYKSET JA INTEGRAATIO .......................................................................................... 9 TUTKIMUSALUE III YMPÄRISTÖ JA INFRASTRUKTUURIT ....................................................................................................... 11 TUTKIMUSALUE IV JULKISET PALVELUT JA ALUETALOUS ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2 TOIMINNALLINEN TULOKSELLISUUS .................................................................................................................................. 19 2.3 TULOSANALYYSI JA JOHTOPÄÄTÖKSET ............................................................................................................................ -
Bank of Finland Survey on Capital Requirements
Bank of Finland Survey on Bank Capital Requirements: Preliminary Results April 2019 Bank of Finland Survey on Bank Capital Requirements Survey Team List of members of the Survey Team Esa Jokivuolle Bank of Finlandy Iftekhar Hasan Fordham University and Bank of Finlandy Kim Ristolainen University of Turku Gene Ambrocio Bank of Finlandy Members of the Survey Advisory Board Mark Flannery Thomas Gehrig Seppo Honkapohja William Kerr Philip Molyneux Steven Ongena George Pennacchi Tuomas Valimaki yThe Bank of Finland is the national monetary authority and the central bank of Finland. At the same time, it is also part of the Eurosystem, which is responsible for monetary policy and other central bank tasks in the euro area and administers use of the world's second largest currency - the euro. The Survey, its contents, and potential use does not necessarily reflect the views, opinion, and intended course of action of the Bank of Finland, its Board, or the Eurosystem. i Bank of Finland Survey on Bank Capital Requirements Survey Description Following the Global Financial Crisis of 2007{2009, banking regulation has undergone signifi- cant reforms. In conjunction, the academic literature on banking regulation has made a great deal of progress in identifying key issues and tackling many of these in turn. The optimal amount of capital banks should have remains a central question. In order to facilitate an overview of the current state and future of banking regulation, with a focus on bank capital requirements, we have conducted a survey addressed to leading academic experts worldwide in the field of economics and finance. -
Seppo Honkapohja: 1St Hundred Years of the Bank of Finland
Seppo Honkapohja: 1st hundred years of the Bank of Finland Speech by Mr Seppo Honkapohja, Member of the Board of the Bank of Finland, at the Finnish Economic Association XXXVII Annual Meeting, Helsinki, 12 February 2015. * * * The Bank of Finland was established in 1811, by an Imperial Decree of Emperor Alexander I. We are the fourth oldest central bank operating today. Only the Swedish Riksbank, the Bank of England, and Banque de France are older. The Bank of Finland is also more than 100 years older than Finland’s political independence, which was achieved only in 1917. In this speech I will tell you about the first hundred years of the Bank, including its old main building where we have this reception. The first task of the Bank of Finland was to separate the Finnish financial system from Sweden by issuing (rouble- and kopeck–denominated) notes, and by granting credits to Finnish landowners and merchants. The Bank of Finland was originally established in the city of Turku, in the south-west of Finland, and moved to Helsinki, the new capital of the country, in 1819. Initially the Bank operated out of a house owned by Commercial Counselor Sederholm, and then moved to the Senate House. A purpose-built building was completed on Tallinmaki, Nikolai Street, in 1883. I will shortly tell you more about the main building. Despite the efforts of the Bank of Finland, Swedish money remained widely used in Finland until 1840, when Finland went on the silver standard (following Russia), and the remaining Swedish paper money was withdrawn from circulation. -
Otto Stenrothista Alexander Stubbiin
1 Ulkoasiainministeriön juhlaseminaari 27.5. 2008 Klaus Törnudd Otto Stenrothista Alexander Stubbiin Ulkoasiainministeriössä on alusta lähtien ollut paljon töitä. Suomen ensimmäinen ulkoasiainministeri Otto Stenroth on muistelmissaan kertonut miten hän nimityksen saatuaan toukokuun lopussa 1918 joutui melkein epätoivon valtaan, kun asioiden ja puheille pyrkijöiden lukumäärä oli valtava, eikä työvoimaa ollut riittävästi Sisällissota oli silloin juuri takana, valkoinen osapuoli oli voittanut, ja asioita ryhdyttiin järjestämään koeteltuja eurooppalaisia tapoja noudattaen. Suomessa rekrytoitiin nopeasti vasta perustettuun ulkoasiaintoimituskuntaan nuoria kyvykkäitä henkilöitä. Vanhempia, itsenäisyysliikkeessä ansioituneita miehiä lähetettiin edustajiksi ulkomaille. Lisäksi lähetettiin virkamies Tukholmaan tutustumaan Ruotsin ulkoministeriön organisaatioon ja toimintaan sekä kutsuttiin salaneuvos Karl Müller Saksasta antamaan diplomatian työmuotoja ja käytäntöjä koskevia neuvoja. Suunnilleen samalla tavalla ovat mm. Baltian tasavallat joutuneet toimimaan 1990-luvun alussa itsenäisyyden palautumisen jälkeen. Alkuaikoina töissä oli seitsemäntoista virkamiestä, jotka ministeri Stenroth oli suurimmaksi osaksi itse valinnut. Valmiita malleja oli olemassa, mutta jonkun verran kompasteltiin kirjeenvaihdon muotoilussa ensimmäisen vuoden aikana. Tunnettu tapaus liittyy pitkään ranskankieliseen noottiin, jonka Suomen asiainhoitaja Tukholmassa kesäkuun lopulla vuonna 1918 luovutti Ison-Britannian lähettiläälle. Lähettilään ensi reaktio oli ollut, että -
00161 Helsingfors EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 20.XII.2006
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 20.XII.2006 C(2006) 6604 PUBLIC VERSION WORKING LANGUAGE This document is made available for information purposes only. Subject: State aid N 359/2006 – Finland Regional aid map 2007-2013 Sir, 1. PROCEDURE (1) By letter dated 9 June 2006, registered at the Commission on the same day (A/34487) the Finnish authorities notified their regional aid map for the period 1.1.2007 – 31.12.2013. (2) By letters of 13 July 2006 (D/55869), 31 August 2006 (D/57475), 31 October 2006 (D/59291) and 21 November 2006 (D/59776) the Commission services asked for complementary information, which the Finnish authorities provided by letters of 6 September 2006, registered at the Commission on 7 September 2006 (A/37007), 10 November 2006, registered at the Commission on the same day (A/38998), 20 November 2006, registered at the Commission on the same day (A/39279), by letter of 27 November 2006, registered at the Commission on the same day (A/39610) and by letter of 1 December 2006, registered at the Commission on 4 December 2006 (A/39818). (3) On 21 December 2005, the Commission adopted the Guidelines on national regional aid for 2007-20131 (hereinafter “RAG”). In accordance with 1 Guidelines on national regional aid for 2007-2013, OJ C 54, 4.3.2006, p. 13. Utrikesminister Erkki TUOMIOJA Sjöekipaget PO Box 176, FIN – 00161 Helsingfors paragraph 100 of the RAG each Member State should notify to the Commission following the procedure of Article 88(3) of the Treaty, a single regional aid map covering its entire national territory which will apply for the period 2007- 2013. -
1907475* A/Hrc/28/2
United Nations A/HRC/28/2 General Assembly Distr.: General 7 May 2019 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-eighth session Agenda item 1 Organizational and procedural matters Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-eighth session Vice-President and Rapporteur : Mothusi Bruce Rabasha Palai (Botswana) GE.19-07475(E) *1907475* A/HRC/28/2 Contents Page Part One: Resolutions, decisions and President’s statements adopted by the Human Rights Council at its twenty-eighth session ........................................................................................................... 4 I. Resolutions .................................................................................................................................... 4 II. Decisions ....................................................................................................................................... 5 III. President’s statements ................................................................................................................... 6 Part Two: Summary of proceedings ............................................................................................................... 7 I. Organizational and procedural matters .......................................................................................... 7 A. Opening and duration of the session ..................................................................................... 7 B. Attendance ........................................................................................................................... -
FSD1263 Finnish Voter Barometer Autumn 2002 Codebook
FSD1263 Finnish Voter Barometer Autumn 2002 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Voter Barometer Autumn 2002 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [pro- ducer and distributor], 2018. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (10.6.2003) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ $ Koodikirjoitin.py v35 @ 2018-01-25 12:38:21.305000 $ To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1263 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces- sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Gallup Finland: Finnish VoterBarometer Autumn 2002 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2003- 06-10). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T- FSD1263 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. -
H.E. Harri Holkeri, President
United Nations Nations Unies T HE PRESIDENT OF THE GEN ERAL ASSEMBLY LE PRESIDENT DE L’AS SEMBLEE GENERALE Biography of Mr. Harri Holkeri, President of the 55th Session of the General Assembly Mr. Harri Holkeri, the President of the fifty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly—the Millennium Assembly—brings to the post a wealth of political experience, as well as a reputation as a skilled mediator and consensus builder. He was Finland's Prime Minister from 1987 to 1991, and for over four decades has served his country and the international community in several political and economic posts. The most renowned and prestigious conservative political figure in Finland over the last few decades, he served as Secretary of the National Coalition Party from 1965 to 1971 and as Party Leader from 1971 to 1979. From 1970 to 1978, he was a Member of the Parliament. He also served as a Member of the Board of Governors of the Bank of Finland (central bank) from 1978 to 1997. As Prime Minister, he headed a coalition formed by his party and the Social Democrats. Mr. Holkeri played a key role in developing the social consensus that led to the creation of the coalition government in power from 1987 to 1991, and of which he was Prime Minister. That government was based on cooperation between the Conservative and the Social Democratic parties—a cooperation that extended to international affairs as well. His political philosophy— “You cannot make easy decisions unless you first commit yourself to hard solutions”—has guided his political life. -
Nordic Communities a Vision for the Future
Nordic Communities a vision for the future Johan Strang Nordic Communities a vision for the future Johan Strang Centre for nordiC StudieS, univerSity of HelSinki 1 Content Foreword 4 Summary 6 1 · The Nordic community and Nordic Communities 16 i. The Nordic Region in the world and in Europe 20 ii. The Stoltenberg and Wetterberg models 23 iii. Nordic Communities 25 iv. The democratic challenge 27 v. The Nordic community 29 2 · Key policy areas 34 i. Foreign and defence policy 36 ii. EU policy 40 iii. Economic and welfare policy 42 iv. Environmental and energy policy 46 v. Research, innovation, education and training 50 vi. Culture and language 52 vii. Law and legislation 55 2 3 · Official Nordic co-operation 60 i. The Nordic Council of Ministers 63 ii. The Nordic Council 69 iii. A Nordic network think tank 74 iv. The Nordic institutions 76 v. Unofficial and official co-operation 77 vi. Informal co-operation at the official level 78 4 · The Nordic brand 84 List of people involved in the re search for this book 90 3 Foreword Although commissioned to mark the 60th anniversary of the Nordic Council in 2012, this is no run-of-the-mill commemorative publica- tion. Rather than taking a retrospective approach, it looks to the future of Nordic co-operation, following up on the debate rekindled by the Swedish historian Gunnar Wetterberg’s book United Nordic Federation (2010) and the Stoltenberg report (2009) on working more closely together on foreign and security policy. In spring 2011, the Nordic Council commissioned the Centre for Nordic Studies (CENS) at the University of Helsinki to conduct a study and to pre- sent proposals for strengthening Nordic co-operation. -
FINLANDS LINJE © Paavo Väyrynen Och Kustannusosakeyhtiö Paasilinna 2014
Paavo Väyrynen FINLANDS LINJE © Paavo Väyrynen och Kustannusosakeyhtiö Paasilinna 2014 Omslag: Laura Noponen ISBN 978-952-299-055-6 TILL LÄSAREN Under de senaste åren har jag sökt fördjupa mig i historien – såväl i händelser i det förgångna som i historieskrivning. Min första tidsresa hänger samman med Kemi stads åldringshem Niemi-Niemelä som vi köpte 1998. Jag skrev om det i boken Pohjanranta som utkom 2005. Verket har starka kopplingar till olika skeden i Norra bottens och hela Finlands utveckling. Min andra tidsresa gick till skeden knutna till min egen släkt. När min far fyllde 100 år i januari 2010 skrev jag en bok om honom – Eemeli Väyrysen vuosisata (Eemeli Väyrynens århundrade). Jag studerade min släkts rötter så långt dokumenten sträckte sig. Också detta arbete öppnade perspektiv på både min hembygds och hela landets historia. I min senaste bok Huonomminkin olisi voinut käydä (Det kunde också ha gått sämre) tillämpade jag en kontrafaktuell historieskrivningsmetod på mitt eget liv och min verksamhet. Jag funderade på hur det kunde ha gått om något avgörande gjorts på annat sätt. Denna granskningsmetod har sitt berättigande då beslut i praktiken ofta fattas som val mellan olika alternativ. Speciellt inom den ekonomiska historien kan 5 man i efterhand bedöma visheten i gjorda beslut. Inom politisk historia har kontrafaktuella metoder brukats i liten utsträckning. Detta är märkligt då beslut ofta fattas genom omröstning och ibland med knapp majoritet. I efterhand vore det klokt att fundera på vilken utvecklingen blivit med en alternativ lösning. Även i beslutsfattande som riktar sig framåt i tiden borde ett kontrafaktualt grepp finnas med.